Mechanism of Kenaf Retting Using Aerobes

The experimental results showed that the duration of microbial retting processing of kenaf fibers by using aerobic microbe was four times shorter than that by using anaerobic microbe. The residual gum percentage,breaking strength, breaking elongation and linear density of aerobic retted kenaf bundle fibers did not show significantly difference with that of anaerobic retted kenaf bundle fibers by ANOVA-Tukey's studentized test at a = 5% except for the softness. The bioenergetic principle and the calculation of the amount of ATP produced during the decomposition processing of kenaf gums were used to explain why the retting duration in the case of using aerobic microbes was much shorter than that of using anaerobic microbes.

An Innovative Approach towards Selecting Aerobic and Coordinative Exercises in Clinical Practice for Children and Young People with ADHD

A growing body of studies and systematic reviews show evidence of the beneficial effects of physical exercise on core symptoms of ADHD. Furthermore, studies indicate that physical exercise as an adjuvant can enhance the effects of medication in the treatment of ADHD. Aerobic and coordinative exercises improve executive functioning through their effect on neurocognitive domains that are implicated in ADHD. It is postulated that through their specific modus operandi, aerobic exercise, by raising cortical arousal levels, improves impaired alerting functions whereas coordinative exercises improve the regulation of inhibitory control through the involvement of a higher variety of frontal-dependent cognitive processes. The increasing use of routine neurocognitive testing with continuous performance tests (CPT), such as the QbTest, at clinical assessments for ADHD allows for an innovative approach to identify the assessment impairments in alerting function and inhibition control that are related to ADHD and accordingly choose aerobic or coordinative physical exercise in a more targeted fashion.

Intervention control of aerobic exercise in maintaining quality of life and pulmonary hypertension in hemodialysis patients

BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension is a serious complication in the treatment of maintenance hemodialysis patients,which seriously affects the quality of life of patients and threatens their life safety.Prevention,treatment and improvement of pulmonary hypertension are of great significance to improve the quality of life of patients.AIM To investigate the intervention and control of pedal-powered bicycle in maintaining quality of life and pulmonary hypertension in hemodialysis patients.METHODS 73 patients with maintenance hemadialysis combined with pulmonary arterial hypertension at a hemodialysis center in a certain hospital from May 2021 to May 2022 are selected.Patients are divided into two groups,37 cases in the control group(group C)and 36 cases in the intervention group(group I).Patients are divided into two groups,group C is treated with oral administration of betaglandin sodium combined with routine nursing care.Based on group C,group I conducts power cycling exercises.RESULTS After treatment,group I patients had higher muscle strength,36-Item Short Form Health Survey scores,and Kidney Disease Targets Areas scores;The 6-minute walk distance test index level was higher and the Borg score was lower;The group I had lower systolic blood pressure,greater vital capacity,higher positive emotion,lower systolic pulmonary artery pressure index level,higher arterial partial oxygen pressure level,lower pulmonary vascular resistance index level,and higher blood oxygen saturation level[158.91±11.89 vs 152.56±12.81,1795.01±603.18 vs 1907.20±574.15,24.00(22.00,29.00)vs 24.00(22.00,28.00),P<0.001].CONCLUSION Aerobic exercise combined with Western medicine treatment can effectively improve patients'pulmonary hypertension,alleviate their negative emotions,and enable them to achieve a higher level of quality of life.

Role of aerobic glycolysis in alzheimer's disease and research progress of traditional Chinese medicine

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease with a variety of pathogenic factors and complex pathogenesis, so that the disease has a high prevalence and mortality in the world. Although the current diagnosis and treatment equipment and drug research and development keep pace with the times, the current medical technology still can not completely cure the disease, so it is of great significance to explore the pathogenesis and treatment target of AD. The disorder of energy metabolism is one of the characteristic changes in the pathological process of AD. Aerobic glycolysis (AEG) is a special metabolic pathway in the brain, which can rapidly consume glucose to produce energy and substrate for neurons, improve synaptic plasticity, neuroinflammation and oxidative damage, and contribute to the recovery of memory and cognitive function. In recent years, many literatures have reported the mechanism of AEG in AD and the intervention of Tradit Chin Med on this mechanism. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the role of AEG in AD and the related research on the regulation and control of AEG in the treatment of AD by Tradit Chin Med, in order to provide reference and ideas for the prevention and treatment of AD with Tradit Chin Med in the future.

Impact of a 12-wk physical conditioning program on the aerobic capacity of aviation cadets

BACKGROUND Flight cadets need to have good physical fitness to cope with the challenges of flying missions.The continuous development of science and technology has led to the constant upgrading of fighter jets and the improvement of their performance,which has resulted in new and higher requirements for the physical fitness of flight personnel.The traditional physical training mode,method,and assessment have been used for many years and do not meet current fitness needs.AIM To investigate the impact of a 12-wk comprehensive anti-G fitness training program on the aerobic capacity of aviation cadets and to evaluate its effectiveness.METHODS Fifty-five cadets were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups using a randomized,single-blind design.The control group maintained their existing training regimen,while the experimental group participated in a 12-wk comprehensive training intervention.The training program comprised strength training twice per week,high-intensity interval training three times per week,and supplemental nutritional and psychological support.Maximal oxygen uptake(VO2max),lower limb strength,and hemoglobin levels were measured at baseline,at 6 wk and 12 wk post-intervention.RESULTS Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant differences of both VO2max and relative VO2 in both groups across time points(P<0.05).However,no significant time-group interaction was observed(P>0.05).Paired t-tests comparing baseline and 12-wk results showed that VO2max and relative VO2 were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group(P<0.05).This suggests that the training program effectively enhanced the aerobic capacity of the experimental group.Key indicators of aerobic capacity,bilateral lower limb strength and hemoglobin levels,were also significantly different over time and between groups(P<0.05).No significant differences were noted in heart-rate metrics(P>0.05).CONCLUSION A 12-wk comprehensive anti-G fitness training program significantly improved the aerobic capacity of aviation cadets,thereby enhancing their overall capacity and laying a physiological foundation for enduring high-G flights.

Screening and Toxicity Determination of Intestinal Aerobic Bacteria in 2^(nd) instar Larvae of Dendrolimu Kikuchii

[ Objective ] The paper was to screen intestinal aerobic bacteria from 2nd instar larvae of Dendrolimu kikuchii and determine its toxicity. [ Method ] The intestinal samples of 2nd instar larvae of D. kikuchii were diluted in gredient and coated on plates to isolate strains, and a total of 5 strains of aerobic bacteria were isolated. With bacterial genomic DNA as template, the universal primers of bacterial 16S rDNA （27f and 1 492r） were used to amplify the template, 4 restriction enzymes Hae Ⅲ and Hind Ⅲ, Hinf Ⅰ and Taq Ⅰ were used to carry out ARDRA polymorphism analysis on PCR products. [ Result] Clustering map analysis showed that 5 strains of aerobic bacteria clustered into two different taxonomic operating units （OTU） in 95% similarity level, this indicated that the genetic diversity level of intestinal aerobic bacteria in 2nd instar larvae of D. kikuchii was relatively low. The indoor toxicity test showed that the death peaks of insects killed by intestinal bacteria were during 4 - 10 d, the insecticidal effect of strain 4 was the best with corrected mortality rate of 53.57% at 12 d. [ Conclusion] The paper provided reference for control of D. kikuchii.

有氧运动对心肌梗死患者内皮祖细胞动员和功能的影响

背景:运动康复是心肌梗死患者非药物治疗的重要手段,能够改善心肌灌注和心血管功能,其机制可能与血管内皮细胞介导的血管新生与修复有关,而内皮祖细胞是血管内皮细胞的前体细胞。目的:探讨12周有氧运动对心肌梗死患者内皮祖细胞动员和功能的影响。方法:(1)选择2022年1-10月在郑州大学第一附属医院接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后的急性心肌梗死患者66例,按照随机数字表法分为运动组(n=33)和对照组(n=33),对照组患者接受常规心脏康复治疗12周,运动组患者接受常规心脏康复+12周有氧运动干预。干预前及干预结束后72 h,检测患者心肺适能、纽约心脏协会分级、左心室射血分数、血清肌钙蛋白Ⅰ和脑钠肽水平及外周血内皮祖细胞数量。(2)干预前及干预结束后72 h,从两组患者外周血中分离提取内皮组细胞,检测内皮组细胞的增殖、黏附和迁移能力。结果与结论:(1)干预结束后72 h,运动组患者的纽约心脏协会分级、血清肌钙蛋白Ⅰ和脑钠肽水平均低于干预前、对照组(P<0.05),峰值摄氧量、最大功率、递增负荷试验完成时间、峰值运动时左心室射血分数高于干预前、对照组(P<0.05),平均心率和平均主观疲劳感觉评分低于干预前、对照组(P<0.05),外周血内皮组细胞数量多于干预前、对照组(P<0.05);(2)干预结束后72 h,运动组患者外周血内皮祖细胞的增殖、黏附与迁移能力均高于干预前、对照组(P<0.05);(3)结果表明,规律有氧运动能够促进内皮祖细胞动员并增强其增殖、黏附和迁移能力,进而改善心肌梗死患者临床病情、心功能和心肺适能。

不同运动方式促进周围神经损伤后的功能恢复

背景:运动作为一种主动康复的方式可以改善周围神经损伤导致的功能障碍,而不同运动方式针对的病变部位及恢复机制不同。目的:综合分析不同运动方式在周围神经损伤功能恢复中的应用及机制。方法:应用计算机检索中国知网、PubMed数据库建库时间至2024年1月期间的相关文献,英文检索词为“peripheral nerves injury,spinal cord,exercise,cerebral cortex,muscle atrophy,mirror therapy,blood flow restriction training”,中文检索词为“周围神经损伤,脊髓,大脑皮质,肌肉萎缩,有氧运动,血流限制,镜像运动”,最终纳入77篇文献进行分析。结果与结论:周围神经损伤后会引起其支配骨骼肌萎缩、相应脊髓节段病变、感觉运动皮质重塑等系统性的病理变化。有氧运动可以加强免疫反应,促进神经胶质细胞极化以及神经生长因子的释放,改善功能障碍。血流限制运动可以调节肌肉生长因子的分泌,促进肌肉生长及增强肌肉力量。镜像运动在激活大脑皮质、减少皮质重塑方面有良好的作用。不同运动方式在周围神经损伤功能恢复中具有潜在的益处,然而目前仍存在一些问题和挑战,例如运动方式的选择、运动强度和频率的控制及机制的详细解析等。

有氧运动改善化疗期间乳腺癌患者体质及生活质量研究:一项随机对照试验

背景蒽环类药物是乳腺癌基础化疗药物之一,但化疗常伴随着体质改变如体脂增加和心肺功能下降,胃肠道反应和骨髓抑制等毒副作用,影响患者的生活质量。目前关于运动改善以上毒副作用的研究结果不一致,有待进一步研究。临床上,应用运动处方改善乳腺癌患者以上化疗毒副作用的效果和安全性需要进一步探究。目的探究有氧运动改善蒽环类药物化疗期间乳腺癌患者体质和生活质量的效果及有氧运动的安全性。方法本研究是一项随机对照试验,纳入2022年3月—2023年1月在北京市朝阳区三环肿瘤医院接受蒽环类药物化疗方案的44例成年女性乳腺癌患者为研究对象,随机分为运动组(23例)与对照组(21例),对照组患者在化疗结束后提供个性化运动指导。运动组患者在化疗住院期间在康复师监督下进行锻炼,在家时通过患者自我监督和试验人员远程监督进行个性化运动干预。在化疗前后收集主要结局指标,包括体质和生活质量,记录胃肠道反应、骨髓抑制的发生次数、严重程度及运动相关不良事件。以化疗前数据为协变量,采用协方差分析比较两组体质情况和生活质量情况。结果本研究干预、随访过程中共流失4例,最终纳入40例患者(运动组21例,对照组19例)。运动干预期间未观察到严重不良事件。运动干预期间,患者平均依从性为81.8%;每次运动时长的平均依从性为91.9%;运动强度平均依从性为92.5%。化疗后,运动组体脂重、体脂百分比、内脏脂肪面积、腰围、腰臀比低于对照组,惯用手握力、相对峰值摄氧量(VO_(2)peak)高于对照组(P<0.05)。化疗后运动组患者功能性障碍发生率(7/20)低于对照组(12/16)(χ^(2)=5.707,P=0.017)。化疗后运动组生理状况、情感状况、附加得分低于对照组,功能状况得分高于对照组(P<0.05)。化疗后对照组生理状况分数(P<0.001)、运动组功能状况分数(P=0.017)高于化疗前。对照组和运动组患者分别共接受了84例次和94例次蒽环类药物化疗,对照组分别发生了84例次胃肠道反应和71次骨髓抑制,运动组分别发生了54例次胃肠道反应和45例次骨髓抑制,两组患者胃肠道反应和骨髓抑制发生情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在蒽环类药物化疗期间进行有氧运动可以改善乳腺癌患者的体质和生活质量,且有监督的有氧运动是安全的。

有氧运动调节转化生长因子β/Smad通路缓解db/db糖尿病小鼠的肝脏纤维化

背景:有氧运动可抑制糖尿病小鼠肝纤维化,但具体作用机制尚未阐明。目的:基于转化生长因子β/Smad信号通路探讨有氧运动改善db/db小鼠肝纤维化的作用机制。方法:将8周龄雄性db/db小鼠和年龄匹配的m/m小鼠随机分为m/m对照组、m/m+运动组、db/db对照组、db/db+运动组,每组10只,运动组小鼠接受12周有氧运动。运动结束后检测各组小鼠空腹血糖,进行葡萄糖耐量测试和胰岛素耐量测试;摘取肝脏计算肝脏指数,摘眼球取血检测生化指标;苏木精-伊红染色、油红O染色和Masson染色观察小鼠肝组织的病理变化,免疫组化检测肝组织中转化生长因子β1、p-Smad3的表达;Western blot检测肝组织中转化生长因子β1、Smad3、p-Smad3、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白和Ⅲ型胶原蛋白表达水平。结果与结论:①与m/m组和m/m+运动组小鼠相比,db/db组小鼠体质量、肝质量、肝脏指数、空腹血糖、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白和肌酶水平均显著升高(P<0.01);高密度脂蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.01);转化生长因子β1、p-Smad3、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白和Ⅲ型胶原蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.01);葡萄糖、胰岛素耐量测试的曲线下面积显著增加(P<0.01);肝组织病理染色显示大量炎症细胞浸润,脂滴增多,明显纤维化;②与db/db组相比,db/db+运动组小鼠体质量、肝质量、肝脏指数、空腹血糖、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白和肌酶水平显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);高密度脂蛋白水平显著升高(P<0.05);转化生长因子β1、p-Smad3、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白和Ⅲ型胶原蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);此外,糖耐量、胰岛素耐量测试的曲线下面积明显减少(P<0.01,P<0.05),肝脏病理损伤得到明显改善;③结果表明,有氧运动有效减轻了糖尿病小鼠肝纤维化,其机制可能与调控转化生长因子β/Smad信号通路有关。

运动干预老年人的肌少性肥胖

背景:运动是老年人肌少性肥胖防治与管理的重要策略,但目前缺乏对于老年人肌少性肥胖的精准个性化运动处方的探索与研究。目的:综述老年人肌少性肥胖的串联机制以及不同运动方式对老年肌少性肥胖患者的干预效果,以期为老年人肌少性肥胖运动处方的制定提供理论与实践指导。方法:以英文检索词“sarcopenic obesity,sarcopenic adiposity,aging,sport,exercise,exercise intervention,exercise prescription,resistant training,aerobic training,combination training,muscle strength,muscle mass,physical activity”;中文检索词“肌少性肥胖,少肌性肥胖,肥胖性肌少症,老年人,运动,运动干预,运动处方,抗阻运动,有氧运动,联合运动,肌肉力量,肌肉质量,身体活动”,分别检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、维普、万方数据库,严格按照纳入与排除标准,对纳入的85篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①抗阻运动仍然是预防与缓解老年人肌少性肥胖的有效运动方式,抗阻运动在改善与提高骨骼肌质量、肌肉力量与耐力以及身体功能等方面效果更为显著,但在实际应用中应循序渐进,逐渐增加至中高强度。②有氧运动也是防治、减缓肌少性肥胖进程的重要干预方法,其在改善老年肌少性肥胖患者心肺耐力、降低体脂百分比以及减少内脏脂肪面积等方面更为有效。③有氧-抗阻联合运动将有氧运动与抗阻运动的优势相结合,可以更好地改善身体成分,同时在降低心血管疾病危险因素方面有更好的效果。联合运动在一定程度上优于单一的运动方式。

不同运动类型对膝骨关节炎患者疗效的网状Meta分析

目的:膝骨关节炎的主要临床表现为疼痛、肿胀、僵硬以及活动受限,对患者生活造成了严重影响,运动疗法可以有效改善膝骨关节炎患者的相关症状。文章运用网状Meta分析的方法,比较不同类型运动治疗膝骨关节炎的疗效。方法:检索中国知网、万方、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Scopus、Ebsco、SinoMed及UpToDate等数据库,中文检索词为“膝骨关节炎,运动疗法”等,英文检索词为“Knee Osteoarthritis,Exercise”等,收集2013年10月至2023年10月有关不同运动类型在膝骨关节炎患者中应用的随机对照试验。结局指标包括目测类比评分、西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数评分、定时起立行走测试、简明健康调查表-36项目等。使用Cochrane手册推荐的随机对照试验偏倚风险评估工具对纳入文献进行文献质量分析,由2位研究者独立完成数据的收集、整理提取及分析,使用RevMan 5.4和Stata 18.0软件对所得的数据进行分析与绘图。结果:最终纳入29篇文献,文献质量尚可,共1633例膝骨关节炎患者,涉及有氧训练、力量训练、柔韧性/技能训练和正念放松训练4种运动类型。①网状Meta分析结果显示:与常规护理/健康教育相比,有氧训练能显著改善疼痛症状(SMD=-3.26,95%CI:-6.33至-0.19,P<0.05);力量训练(SMD=-0.79,95%CI:-1.34至-0.23,P<0.05)、正念放松训练(SMD=-0.79,95%CI:-1.23至-0.34,P<0.05)能显著提高患者的功能;有氧训练(SMD=-1.37,95%CI:-2.24至-0.51,P<0.05)、正念放松训练(SMD=-0.41,95%CI:-0.80至-0.02,P<0.05)能显著提高患者的功能性移动能力;正念放松训练(SMD=0.70,95%CI:0.21-1.18,P<0.05)、力量训练(SMD=0.42,95%CI:0.03-0.81,P<0.05)能显著提高患者的生活质量。②累积概率排序结果显示,疼痛方面:有氧训练(86.6%)>柔韧性/技能训练(60.1%)>力量训练(56.8%)>正念放松训练(34.7%)>常规护理/健康教育(11.7%);膝关节功能方面:力量训练(73.7%)>正念放松训练(73.1%)>柔韧性/技能训练(56.1%)>有氧训练(39.9%)>常规护理/健康教育(7.6%);功能性移动能力方面:有氧训练(94.7%)>正念放松训练(65.5%)>力量训练(45.1%)>柔韧性/技能训练(41.6%)>常规护理/健康教育(3.2%);生活质量方面:正念放松训练(91.3%)>力量训练(68.0%)>柔韧性/技能训练(44.3%)>有氧训练(34.0%)>常规护理/健康教育(12.3%)。结论:①运动疗法治疗膝骨关节炎疗效显著,其中有氧训练在缓解患者疼痛和提高患者功能性移动能力上疗效最佳;力量训练和正念放松训练在改善患者功能上疗效最佳;正念放松训练在提高患者生活质量上疗效最佳。②受纳入文献质量和数量的限制,该研究结果尚需更多高质量的研究加以验证。

不同强度运动干预2型糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌羧酸酯酶1及炎症因子的变化

背景:羧酸酯酶1及炎症因子在调节脂质代谢以及葡萄糖稳态方面起着至关重要的作用,然而有关不同强度运动干预对2型糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌羧酸酯酶1及炎症因子的影响尚待揭示。目的:探究不同强度运动干预对2型糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌羧酸酯酶1及炎症因子的影响。方法:取32只8周龄雄性SD大鼠,适应性喂养1周后随机分为正常对照组(n=12)和造模组(n=20),造模组大鼠利用高脂膳食和一次性注射链脲佐菌素制备2型糖尿病模型,建模成功后随机分为糖尿病对照组(n=6)、中等强度运动组(n=6)和高强度间歇运动组(n=6),后2组适应性跑台运动5 d后分别进行对应强度的跑台运动,每天1次,每次50 min,每周训练5 d。连续运动6周后,检测大鼠血糖与血脂相关指标,苏木精-伊红染色观察骨骼肌组织形态学变化,qRT-PCR检测骨骼肌羧酸酯酶1与炎症因子的mRNA表达,Western-blotting及免疫荧光染色检测骨骼肌中羧酸酯酶1与炎症因子的蛋白表达。结果与结论:①与正常对照组相比,糖尿病对照组大鼠空腹血糖、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胰岛素抵抗指数均升高(P<0.05),胰岛素活性降低(P<0.05),骨骼肌中的羧酸酯酶1、NEK7、白细胞介素18的mRNA与蛋白表达均升高(P<0.05)。②与糖尿病对照组相比,中等强度运动组和高强度间歇运动组大鼠空腹血糖、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胰岛素抵抗指数均降低(P<0.05),胰岛素活性升高(P<0.05);中等强度运动组大鼠骨骼肌中的NEK7 mRNA表达降低(P<0.01),羧酸酯酶1、NEK7、白细胞介素18蛋白表达降低(P<0.05);高强度间歇运动组大鼠骨骼肌中的羧酸酯酶1、NEK7、NLRP3、白细胞介素18 mRNA表达降低(P<0.05),羧酸酯酶1、白细胞介素18蛋白表达降低(P<0.05)。③苏木精-伊红染色显示,相较于糖尿病对照组,中等强度运动组大鼠肌纤维间隙变小,内部空洞减少,细胞结构趋于完整;高强度间歇运动组大鼠肌细胞排列松散,组织形态不规则,肌纤维内部空洞较多。④结果表明,中等强度运动和高强度间歇运动均可降低2型糖尿病大鼠的血糖、血脂、胰岛素抵抗与骨骼肌羧酸酯酶1水平,中等强度运动可明显降低骨骼肌NEK7表达,高强度间歇运动可降低骨骼肌白细胞介素18表达,并且羧酸酯酶1与NEK7、白细胞介素18关系密切。

有氧运动促进肌少性肥胖小鼠骨骼肌能量代谢通路各环节的适应性变化

背景:肌少性肥胖是一种肌少症和肥胖共存的疾病,患病率持续上升。有氧运动可缓解肌少性肥胖进程,但运动后骨骼肌能量代谢的整体变化仍不明晰。目的:探究有氧运动对肌少性肥胖小鼠骨骼肌细胞代谢通路各个环节适应性变化的影响。方法:将C57BL/6J雄性小鼠随机分为正常对照组和造模组,分别喂养普通饲料和高脂饲料12周后,通过体质量和行为学筛选出肌少性肥胖小鼠模型。随后,采用随机数字表法将造模组小鼠分为静坐组和运动组,运动组在高脂喂养基础上进行有氧跑台训练。干预8周后,检测小鼠体质量、脂质代谢、后肢小腿肌群肌肉体积、骨骼肌形态和能量代谢通路相关基因表达水平。结果与结论:①与正常对照组相比,静坐组小鼠血清中三酰甘油、总胆固醇和游离脂肪酸水平、肌内脂滴沉积显著增加(P<0.05);与静坐组相比,运动组上述指标均呈现显著下降趋势(P<0.05);②与正常对照组相比,静坐组小鼠抓力下降,转棒停留时间明显缩短,后肢小腿肌群肌肉体积和肌纤维横截面积明显减小(P<0.05),肌内Atrogin-1和Murf-1 mRNA表达升高(P<0.05);与静坐组相比,运动组小鼠抓力、转棒停留时间、后肢小腿肌群肌肉体积、肌纤维横截面积均得到明显改善(P<0.05),Atrogin-1和Murf-1 mRNA水平降低(P<0.05);③与正常对照组比,静坐组小鼠肌内转录因子Pparα、Pgc-1αmRNA表达降低(P<0.05),脂肪酸合成相关酶Srebp1c、Fasn mRNA表达升高(P<0.05),β氧化体系Cpt1β、Acox1、Acox3和脂肪酸代谢因子Arf1、Plin3 mRNA表达降低(P<0.05);与静坐组相比,运动组上述基因的异常表达得以明显逆转(P<0.05);④结果表明,有氧运动通过调节肌内能量代谢网络基因表达,缓解脂质沉积,改善肌肉质量和力量。

肠道菌群、运动干预与呼吸系统疾病

背景:肠道菌群是位于人体胃肠道中的一种多样化和动态的微生物群落总称,对维持人体免疫和健康有着至关重要的作用。近年提出“肠-肺轴”概念,提示肠道菌群与肺密切相关,且运动可通过维持肠道菌群平衡调节呼吸系统疾病。目的:综述了肠道菌群与肺炎、肺癌、哮喘病和慢性肺阻塞疾病等不同呼吸系统疾病的关系、不同运动方式对肠道菌群和呼吸系统疾病的影响,为深入探讨运动调控肠道菌群在呼吸系统疾病中的作用机制提供新的思路。方法:检索1944-2024年间CNKI和PubMed数据库相关文献,中文检索词包括“肠道菌群、肠道细菌、呼吸系统疾病、肺炎、肺癌、哮喘病和慢性肺阻塞疾病、有氧运动、抗阻运动”等;英文检索词包括“Intestinal flora,Gut bacteria,Respiratory illness,Pneumonia,Lung cancer,Asthma,Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases,Aerobic exercise、Resistance training”等,根据纳入和排除标准选择101篇文献进行归纳总结。结果与结论:①肠道菌群在肺炎、肺癌、哮喘病和慢性肺阻塞疾病等多种呼吸系统疾病中发挥着重要的调节作用。②不同运动方式与肠道菌群密切相关:有氧运动可通过改善胰岛素敏感性、增加菌群多样性和抑制全身慢性炎症在肠道菌群的调控中发挥有益效应;抗阻运动可降低肠黏膜通透性并促进短链脂肪酸的产生;有氧联合抗阻运动也可提升肠道菌群多样性、影响肠道菌群组成。③运动可通过调节炎症反应和减轻氧化应激损伤,提高心肺功能和运动表现进而改善呼吸系统疾病。④运动通过调控肠道菌群抑制炎症反应、调节氧化应激、改善肠屏障通透性和维持肠道菌群稳态,在防治呼吸系统疾病中发挥关键作用。

低强度抗阻结合血流限制训练12周青年人体成分、肌肉力量及动脉弹性功能

背景:高强度抗阻训练能有效提高肌肉力量,但动脉硬化风险较高;高强度抗阻训练结合有氧运动可有效降低动脉硬化水平;低强度抗阻结合血流限制训练不需要高负荷力量刺激肌肉,或许是提高肌肉力量、保持动脉弹性的科学训练方法。目的:探讨12周的低强度抗阻训练结合血流限制训练对青年人体成分、肌肉力量及动脉弹性功能的影响,为制定个性化训练方案提供理论支撑。方法:随机招募55名大学生并通过抽签的方式随机分为高强度抗阻训练组、高强度抗阻结合有氧运动组及低强度抗阻结合血流限制训练组,分别进行为期12周的高强度抗阻训练、高强度抗阻训练结合有氧运动、低强度抗阻训练结合血流限制训练,训练结束后进行身体成分、肌肉力量及动脉弹性功能测试。结果与结论:12周的训练干预后,高强度抗阻训练组、低强度抗阻结合血流限制训练组的瘦体质量显著增加(P<0.05),3组的最大重复次数(1RM)和膝关节等速肌力均显著增加(P<0.05),高强度抗阻结合有氧运动组、低强度抗阻结合血流限制训练组的动脉弹性功能显著改善(P<0.05)。结果表明:12周的高强度抗阻训练、低强度抗阻训练结合血流限制训练能显著改善身体成分;3种训练方式均能增加肌肉力量;12周的高强度抗阻训练结合有氧运动、低强度抗阻训练结合血流限制训练均能改善动脉弹性功能,且低强度抗阻训练结合血流限制训练的效果优于高强度抗阻训练结合有氧运动。因此,建议将低强度抗阻训练结合血流限制训练作为首选训练方式,以改善动脉弹性,降低动脉硬化的风险。

Combined alkaline and ultrasonic pretreatment of sludge before aerobic digestion

Alkaline and ultrasonic sludge disintegration can be used as the pretreatment of waste activated sludge （WAS） to promote the subsequent anaerobic or aerobic digestion. In this study, different combinations of these two methods were investigated. The evaluation was based on the quantity of soluble chemical oxygen demand （SCOD） in the pretreated sludge as well as the degradation of organic matter in the subsequent aerobic digestion. For WAS samples with combined pretreatment, the released COD levels were higher than those with ultrasonic or alkaline pretreatment alone. When combined with the ultrasonic treatment, NaOH treatment was more efficient than Ca（OH）2 for WAS solubilization. The COD levels released in various sequential options of combined NaOH and ultrasonic treatments were in the the following descending order： simultaneous treatment 〉 NaOH treatment followed by ultrasonic treatment 〉 ultrasonic treatment followed by NaOH treatment. For simultaneous treatment, low NaOH dosage （100 g/kg dry solid）, short duration （30 min） of NaOH treatment, and low ultrasonic specific energy （7500 kJ/kg dry solid） were suitable for sludge disintegration. Using combined NaOH and ultrasonic pretreatment with optimal parameters, the degradation efficiency of organic matter was increased from 38.0% to 50.7%, which is much higher than that with ultrasonic （42.5%） or with NaOH pretreatment （43.5%） in the subsequent aerobic digestion at the same retention time.

Heterotrophic ammonium removal characteristics of an aerobic heterotrophic nitrifying-denitrifying bacterium, Providencia rettgeri YL

Bacterium Providencia rettgeri YL was found to exhibit an unusual ability to heterotrophically nitrify and aerobically denitrify various concentrations of ammonium （NH4^＋-N）. In order to further understand its removal ability, several experiments were conducted to identify the growth and ammonium removal response at different carbon to nitrogen （C/N） mass ratios, shaking speeds, temperatures, ammonium concentrations and to qualitatively verify the production of nitrogen gas using gas chromatography techniques. Results showed that under optimum conditions （C/N 10, 30℃, 120 r/min）, YL can significantly remove low and high concentrations of ammonium within 12 to 48 h of growth, respectively. The nitrification products hydroxylamine （NHzOH）, nitrite （NO2^-） and nitrate （NO3^-） as well as the denitrification product, nitrogen gas （N2）, were detected under completely aerobic conditions.

Aerobic exercise improves gastrointestinal motility in psychiatric inpatients

AIM: To evaluate the benefit of aerobic exercise on colonic transit time (CTT) for psychiatric inpatients in a closed ward.

Temperature effect on aerobic denitrification and nitrification

Nitrogen loss without organic removal in biofilter was observed and its possible reason was explained. A lower hydraulic loading could improve aerobic denitrification rate. Aerobic denitrification was seriously affected by low temperature(below 10℃). However, nitrification rate remained high when the temperature dropped from 15℃ to 5℃. It seemed the autotrophic biofilm in BAF could alleviate the adverse effect of low temperature.