Maximal and total skew information for a two-qubit system using nonlinear interaction models

Maximal and total skew information is studied. For symmetric pure states of two-qubit, they are closely related to the linear entropy, the concurrence, and the spin squeezing parameter. For a two-qubit system implemented in three nonlinear interaction models with an external field, we give the exact state vectors and the expectation value （Sz） at any time t. Based on （Sz）2, we give the maximal and the total skew information and a condition in which the maximal and the total skew information can reach 1 and 2, respectively.

A Comparison of the Concurrence and the Quantum Discord in a Two-Qubit System

The quantum correlation dynamics in an anisotropic Heisenberg XY Z model under decoherence are investigated with the use of concurrence C and quantum discord （QD）. There is a remarkable difference between the time evolution behaviors of these two correlation measures： there is a entanglement-sudden-death phenomenon in the concurrence while there is none in QD, which is valid for all of the initial states of this system, and the interval time of the entanglement death is found to be strongly dependent on the initial states and the parameters B and △. With the long-time limit the steady entanglement （SC） and steady quantum discord （SO, D） can be obtained. The magnitudes of SC and SQD are closely related to the parameters B and △, while the strength of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, D, has no influence. In addition, the effects of the parameters B and △ on SC and SQD display such different and complicated features that one cannot obtain a uniform law about them, thus we give an analytical explanation of this phenomenon. Lastly, it can be noted that the value of SC is not always larger than SQD, which is strongly dependent on the parameters B and △.

Frozen Quantum Coherence for a Central Two-Qubit System in a Spin-Chain Environment

We investigate the dynamics of coherence for a central two-qubit system coupled to an XY spin chain with the Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya interaction. It is found that a sudden transition of coherence exists near the critical point in the weak-coupling case, and an oscillatory envelope appears in the strong-coupling case. In both cases the freezing phenomenon of coherence can be found.

Remote preparation of an entangled two-qubit state with three parties

We present a scheme for probabilistic remote preparation of an entangled two-qubit state with three parties from a sender to either of two receivers. The quantum channel is composed of a paxtially entangled two-qubit state and a partially entangled three-qubit state. We calculate the successful total probabilities of the scheme in general and particular cases, respectively. We also calculate total classical communication cost in a general case and two particular cases, respectively.

Assisted Cloning and Orthogonal Complementing of an Arbitrary Unknown Two-Qubit Entangled State

Based on A.K. Pati＇s original idea [Phys. Rev. A 61 （2000） 022308] on single-qubit-state-assisted clone, very recently Zhan has proposed two assisted quantum cloning protocols of a special class of unknown two-qubit entangled states [Phys. Lett. A 336 （2005） 317]. In this paper we further generalize Zhan＇s protocols such that an arbitrary unknown two-qubit entangled state can be treated.

Simple experimental scheme of teleporting a two-qubit state via linear optical elements

We propose a simple experimental scheme in which an unknown two-qubit state is faithfully and deterministically teleported from Alice to Bob. The scheme is constructed with four photons from parametric down conversion, linear optical elements, and conventional photon detectors, all of which are available in current technology. It is shown that the probability of successful teleportation ideally reaches 100% based on single-photon two-qubit-assisted Bell-state measurement, which can distinguish all four Bell-states simultaneously via conventional photon detectors. By generalizing the scheme, the teleportation of an unknown multi-qubit system can also be realized.

Deterministic joint remote state preparation of arbitrary single- and two-qubit states

In this paper, two novel schemes for deterministic joint remote state preparation（JRSP） of arbitrary single- and twoqubit states are proposed. A set of ingenious four-particle partially entangled states are constructed to serve as the quantum channels. In our schemes, two senders and one receiver are involved. Participants collaborate with each other and perform projective measurements on their own particles under an elaborate measurement basis. Based on their measurement results,the receiver can reestablish the target state by means of appropriate local unitary operations deterministically. Unit success probability can be achieved independent of the channel＇s entanglement degree.

Improving Accuracy of Estimating Two-Qubit States with Hedged Maximum Likelihood

As a widely used reconstruction algorithm in quantum state tomography, maximum likelihood estimation tends to assign a rank-deficient matrix, which decreases estimation accuracy for certain quantum states. Fortunately, hedged maximum likelihood estimation （HMLE） [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 （2010）200504] was proposed to avoid this problem. Here we study more details about this proposal in the two-qubit case and further improve its performance. We ameliorate the HMLE method by updating the hedging function based on the purity of the estimated state. Both performances of HMLE and ameliorated HMLE are demonstrated by numerical simulation and experimental implementation on the Werner states of polarization-entangled photons.

Quantum speed-up capacity in different types of quantum channels for two-qubit open systems

A potential acceleration of a quantum open system is of fundamental interest in quantum computation, quantum communication, and quantum metrology. In this paper, we investigate the ＂quantum speed-up capacity＂ which reveals the potential ability of a quantum system to be accelerated. We explore the evolutions of the speed-up capacity in different quantum channels for two-qubit states. We find that although the dynamics of the capacity is varying in different kinds of channels, it is positive in most situations which are considered in the context except one case in the amplitude-damping channel. We give the reasons for the different features of the dynamics. Anyway, the speed-up capacity can be improved by the memory effect. We find two ways which may be used to control the capacity in an experiment： selecting an appropriate coefficient of an initial state or changing the memory degree of environments.

Bell States and Two-Qubit Logic Gate with Superconducting Charge Qubits Coupling to a Nanomechanical Resonator

We propose a scheme for generating Bell states involving two SQUID-based charge qubits by coupling themto a nanomechanical resonator.We also show that it is possible to implement a two-qubit logic gate between the twocharge qubits by choosing carefully the interaction time.

Two-qubit pure state tomography by five product orthonormal bases

In this paper, we focus on two-qubit pure state tomography. For an arbitrary unknown two-qubit pure state, separable or entangled, it has been found that the measurement probabilities of 16 projections onto the tensor products of Pauli eigenstates are enough to uniquely determine the state. Moreover, these corresponding product states are arranged into five orthonormal bases. We design five quantum circuits, which are decomposed into the common gates in universal quantum computation, to simulate the five projective measurements onto these bases. At the end of each circuit, we measure each qubit with the projective measurement {｜0〉〈0 ｜,｜1〉,〈1｜ }. Then, we consider the open problem whether three orthonormal bases are enough to distinguish all two-qubit pure states. A necessary condition is given. Suppose that there are three orthonormal bases {B1,B2,B3}. Denote the unitary transition matrices from B1 to {B2,B3 } as U1 and U2. All 32 elements of matrices U1 and U2 should not be zero. If not, these three bases cannot distinguish all two-qubit pure states.

Quantum Teleportation Through a Two-Qubit Heisenberg XXZ Chain

We consider a two-qubit Heisenberg XXZ chain as a resource for quantum teleportation via the standard teleportation protocol To. The effects of anisotropic on teleportation fidelity and entanglement are studied in detail. We find anisotropic not only improves the criticM temperature Tc and criticM magnetic field Bc, beyond which quantum teleportation is inferior to classicM communication protocol, but also enhances the fidelity for fixed magnetic field B and temperature T. For entanglement teleportation, the effects of magnetic field on average fidelity and output entanglement are studied.

Relative entropy of entanglement of two-qubit 'X' states

Two closest single-qubit states could be diagonalised by the same unitary matrix, which helps to find the relative entropy of entanglement of a two-qubit ＇X＇ state. We formulate two binary equations for the relative entropy of entanglement and the corresponding closest separable state of a given two-qubit ＇X＇ state. This approach can be applied to get the relative entropy of entanglement of many widely-discussed two-qubit states, such as pure states, Werner states, and so on.

Geometric global quantum discord of two-qubit states

We consider the geometric global quantum discord （GGQD） of two-qubit systems. By analyzing the symmetry of geometric global quantum discord we give an approach for deriving analytical formulae of the extremum problem which lies at the core of computing the GGQD for arbitrary two-qubit states. Furthermore, formulae of GGQD of arbitrary two-qubit states and some concrete examples are presented.

不对称外磁场下两量子比特系统的几何相

研究了不对称旋转外磁场下具有XXZ型海森堡相互作用的两量子比特系统的几何相。考虑体系的绝热条件,利用数值模拟的方法得到量子比特系统的4个本征态的Berry相,研究了外加旋转磁场的极角以及量子比特之间相互作用的各向异性参数对4个本征态的Berry相的影响。研究结果表明:当极角保持不变,各向异性参数由0增加至无穷大的过程中,系统的哈密顿量由一种极限下的含外场的XX模型经过中间的海森堡模型,逐渐演化为另外一种极限下的Ising模型。4个本征态的Berry相都有各自独特的变化规律,且极角越小几何相趋于稳定越快。通过对系统Berry相的研究,可以得到系统在不同参数区间对应的模型的转化,并对本征态的几何性质有更进一步的认识。

利用电荷量子比特促进矩阵力学的教学

在量子力学教学中,矩阵力学的表示和计算是一个非常重要的内容.二能级体系作为典型而又简单的例子,可以加深学生们对矩阵力学的理解.然而目前教材中对二能级体系的重视比较有限.本文引入量子信息前沿研究中的一个体系:电荷量子比特作为教学案例.在教学中,首先利用哈密顿量对体系建模,描述单电子在两个量子点中的占据和隧穿过程.然后,通过能量本征函数表示、求解含时薛定谔方程和求解力学量平均值的运动方程等3种方法,得到体系状态和测量概率随时间变化的关系.最后与相干实验结果比较,发现理论结果能很好的描述实验现象,而且有清晰的物理图像.这样的教学方式有助于学生更加直观和深入地掌握矩阵力学表示下的量子力学规律与计算方法.

耗散环境下二比特体系的量子关联性质研究

利用Quantum Discord(QD)判据,研究了与热库相互作用的二比特体系的量子关联性质.讨论了在不同初态下体系量子关联随时间的变化,以及热库的平均光子数m,n和原子的自发辐射率γ对体系量子关联性质的影响.结果表明,在不同的初态下,体系可以得到不同性质的量子关联;而且当原子自发辐射率γ取固定值时,QD的衰减会随m,n取值的减小而减慢,热库平均光子数都为零的情况下能够得到最大范围的量子关联;此外,当热库平均光子数m,n取确定值时,随着γ取值的减小,QD的衰减也会随之减慢,此时同样会得到较大范围的量子关联.说明较小的热库平均光子数以及原子自发辐射率γ能够减弱QD的衰减,从而获得生命力较强的体系量子关联.

超短激光脉冲操控双量子比特的量子态

用光与物质相互作用的半经典理论研究了超短激光脉冲与构成双量子比特的二体二能级体系的相互作用,对由不同的激发方式引起的独立双路(Independent Double Path-Ways,IDPW)和相干双路径(Coherent Double Path-Ways,CDPW)进行对比.研究结果表明,与单量子比特相比,双量子比特在超短激光脉冲的作用下,表现出更加丰富的相干性.这种相干特性与体系初态、失谐量和激发的路径都有关.同时,可以利用超短激光脉冲对双量子比特的相干激发,通过调节光脉冲面积来实现量子态的操控.

基于二比特自旋压缩模型中的热纠缠研究

利用Concurrence判据,讨论了基态和有限温度下二比特自旋压缩模型中的量子热纠缠性质.探究了自旋压缩参量μ、外磁场Ω以及温度T对系统纠缠性质的影响.结果发现,首先,Concurrence随着耦合参量μ(或Ω)的增大先增大到最大值,然后逐渐衰减到零,Concurrence的最大值随参数μ(或Ω)的增大而增大;Concurrence的衰减率会随参数μ(或Ω)的增大而减小,从而可以在较大的范围内得到体系热纠缠.其次,较大的耦合参量取值可以提升Concurrence存在的温度范围.最后,在有限温度条件下,当参数μ(或Ω)取值较小时,体系的纠缠保持为零,即存在纠缠"死亡间隔"现象;然而随着参量μ(或Ω)的取值增大到一定值时,Concurrence会突然产生,即存在纠缠瞬间产生("Sudden birth")现象,值得注意的是:纠缠的"死亡间隔"会随着参数μ(或Ω)的增大而减小.

压缩真空态中原子与场的量子纠缠和量子discord

在压缩真空库中,研究了原子与场的相互作用下二比特体系的量子discord和量子纠缠的动力学行为.重点分析了原子的初始态系数和压缩真空库的压缩系数对量子纠缠和量子discord的影响.通过数值分析我们得到,随着原子的初始态系数和压缩真空库的压缩系数值的增加,量子纠缠和量子discord都会减小,但量子纠缠比量子discord减小的更快一些.最后研究了在原子的初始态系数和压缩真空库的压缩系数的值相同的情况下,量子discord比量子纠缠存在的时间更长些.