Two-Sided Stable Matching Decision-Making Method Considering Matching Intention under a Hesitant Fuzzy Environment

In this paper,a stable two-sided matching(TSM)method considering the matching intention of agents under a hesitant fuzzy environment is proposed.The method uses a hesitant fuzzy element(HFE)as its basis.First,the HFE preference matrix is transformed into the normalized HFE preference matrix.On this basis,the distance and the projection of the normalized HFEs on positive and negative ideal solutions are calculated.Then,the normalized HFEs are transformed into agent satisfactions.Considering the stable matching constraints,a multiobjective programming model with the objective of maximizing the satisfactions of two-sided agents is constructed.Based on the agent satisfaction matrix,the matching intention matrix of two-sided agents is built.According to the agent satisfaction matrix and matching intention matrix,the comprehensive satisfaction matrix is set up.Furthermore,the multiobjective programming model based on satisfactions is transformed into a multiobjective programming model based on comprehensive satisfactions.Using the G-S algorithm,the multiobjective programming model based on comprehensive satisfactions is solved,and then the best TSM scheme is obtained.Finally,a terminal distribution example is used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Two-Sided Matching Decision Making with Multi-Attribute Probabilistic Hesitant Fuzzy Sets

In previous research on two-sided matching(TSM)decision,agents’preferences were often given in the form of exact values of ordinal numbers and linguistic phrase term sets.Nowdays,the matching agent cannot perform the exact evaluation in the TSM situations due to the great fuzziness of human thought and the complexity of reality.Probability hesitant fuzzy sets,however,have grown in popularity due to their advantages in communicating complex information.Therefore,this paper develops a TSM decision-making approach with multi-attribute probability hesitant fuzzy sets and unknown attribute weight information.The agent attribute weight vector should be obtained by using the maximum deviation method and Hamming distance.The probabilistic hesitancy fuzzy information matrix of each agent is then arranged to determine the comprehensive evaluation of two matching agent sets.The agent satisfaction degree is calculated using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS).Additionally,the multi-object programming technique is used to establish a TSM method with the objective of maximizing the agent satisfaction of two-sided agents,and the matching schemes are then established by solving the built model.The study concludes by providing a real-world supply-demand scenario to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.The proposed method is more flexible than prior research since it expresses evaluation information using probability hesitating fuzzy sets and can be used in scenarios when attribute weight information is unclear.

Nonlinear vibration analysis of a circular micro-plate in two-sided NEMS/MEMS capacitive system by using harmonic balance method

In this study, forced nonlinear vibration of a circular micro-plate under two-sided electrostatic, two-sided Casimir and external harmonic forces is investigated analytically. For this purpose, at first, von Karman plate theory including geometrical nonlinearity is used to obtain the deflection of the micro-plate. Galerkin decomposition method is then employed, and nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) of motion are determined. A harmonic balance method (HBM) is applied to equations and analytical relation for nonlineaT frequency response (F-R) curves are derived for two categories (including and neglecting Casimir force) separately. The analytical results for three cases:(1) semi-linear vibration;(2) weakly nonlinear vibration;(3) highly non linear vibration, are validated by comparing with the numerical solutio ns. After validation, the effects of the voltage and Casimir force on the natural frequency of two-sided capacitor system are investigated. It is shown that by assuming Casimir force in small gap distances, reduction of the natural frequency is considerable. The influences of the applied voltage, damping, micro-plate thickness and Casimir force on the frequency response curves have been presented too. The results of this study can be useful for modeling circular parallel-plates in nano /microelectromechanical transducers such as microphones and pressure sensors.

Effective Hybrid Teaching-learning-based Optimization Algorithm for Balancing Two-sided Assembly Lines with Multiple Constraints

Due to the NP-hardness of the two-sided assembly line balancing （TALB） problem, multiple constraints existing in real applications are less studied, especially when one task is involved with several constraints. In this paper, an effective hybrid algorithm is proposed to address the TALB problem with multiple constraints （TALB-MC）. Considering the discrete attribute of TALB-MC and the continuous attribute of the standard teaching-learning-based optimization （TLBO） algorithm, the random-keys method is hired in task permutation representation, for the purpose of bridging the gap between them. Subsequently, a special mechanism for handling multiple constraints is developed. In the mechanism, the directions constraint of each task is ensured by the direction check and adjustment. The zoning constraints and the synchronism constraints are satisfied by teasing out the hidden correlations among constraints. The positional constraint is allowed to be violated to some extent in decoding and punished in cost fimction. Finally, with the TLBO seeking for the global optimum, the variable neighborhood search （VNS） is further hybridized to extend the local search space. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid algorithm outperforms the late acceptance hill-climbing algorithm （LAHC） for TALB-MC in most cases, especially for large-size problems with multiple constraints, and demonstrates well balance between the exploration and the exploitation. This research proposes an effective and efficient algorithm for solving TALB-MC problem by hybridizing the TLBO and VNS.

Laboratory Research on Effective Test Area of Short-Crested Waves Generated by Two-Sided Segmented Wavemakers

The size and shape of the effective test area are crucial to consider when short-crested waves are created by segmented wavemakers. The range of the effective test area of short-crested waves simulated by two-sided segmented wavemakers is analyzed in this paper. The experimental investigation on the wave field distribution of short-crested waves generated by two-sided segmented wavemakers is conducted by using an array of wave gauges. Wave spectra and directional spreading function are analyzed and the results show that when the main direction is at a certain angle with the normal line of wave generators, the wave field of 3D short-crested waves generated by two-sided segmented wavemakers has good spatial uniformity within the model test area. The effective test area can provide good wave environments for seakeeping model tests of various ocean engineering structures in the deep ocean engineering basin.

Two-Sided First Exit Problem for Jump Diffusion Distribution Processes Having Jumps with a Mixture of Erlang

In this paper, we consider the two-sided first exit problem for jump diffusion processes having jumps with rational Laplace transforms. We investigate the probabilistic property of conditional memorylessness, and drive the joint distribution of the first exit time from an interval and the overshoot over the boundary at the exit time.

Existence and Uniqueness of Solution to Two-Point Boundary Value for Two-Sided Fractional Differential Equations

In this paper, existence and uniqueness of solution to two-point boundary value for two-sided fractional differential equations involving Caputo fractional derivative is discussed, by means of the Min-Max Theorem.

Logarithmic Sobolev Inequalities for Two-Sided Birth-Death Processes

In this paper, we study the logarithmic Sobolev inequalities for two-sided birth-death processes. An estimate of the logarithmic Sobolev constant α for a two-sided birth-death process is obtained by the Hardy-type inequality and a criteria for a is also presented.

Microstructure and properties of Ti-bearing hot-rolled high-strength steel plates for two-sided enameling

The composition and production technology of the type of hot-rolled steel plate used in two-sided enameling were briefly described. The microstructure and mechanical properties before and after enameling were contrastively investigated,and the precipitates in the samples were analyzed using transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer. The results show the ferrite grain size of the steel plate after high-temperature enamel firing to be fine,with a large number of TiC and Ti;C;S;precipitates dispersed throughout the ferrite matrix. After two rounds of enamel firing at a temperature range of 800-890 ℃,its yield strength can still reach342 MPa. The results of a hydrogen permeation test show that the hydrogen storage properties of the steel plate are much better than those of ordinary structural carbon steel. A better bubble structure in the enamel layer can be obtained by this steel plate,with no fish-scale defects on the enameled steel-plate surface.

星载微波部件微放电阈值的改进多粒子蒙特卡罗计算方法

星载微波部件的微放电效应是导致航天器谐振类设备失谐、噪声电平抬高、输出功率下降,甚至影响通信信道乃至整个微波传输系统彻底失效的瓶颈问题之一。在设计阶段对星载微波部件微放电效应进行精准的评估是减少地面反复试验,避免延误研制周期的重要手段。为了进一步改善现有蒙特卡洛方法的计算准确度问题,文中提出了一种精度更高的计算星载微波部件微放电阈值的蒙特卡罗方法,该方法对参与微放电过程的初始电子进行了动态调整,采用四阶龙格-库塔法推进微波部件中电子的运动轨迹,基于Furman模型描述电子与微波表面相互作用的二次电子发射过程,按照碰撞电子产生的实际二次电子个数及对应能量参与碰撞时刻后的微放电过程,该多粒子-多碰撞过程更加客观、准确地表征了微放电效应发生的物理过程。以平板传输线和同轴传输线为例,文中所提出的方法相对于已有的蒙特卡罗方法计算精度显著提升,同时计算效率优于商用CST的粒子模拟结果。

C波段小型化高功率微波输出窗的设计

为了满足高功率微波系统对微波输出窗高功率容量和紧凑化的应用需求,以传统盒型窗的设计理论为基础,通过优化窗体结构和添加过渡段等手段,设计了一种C波段小型化高功率微波输出窗。通过增大窗体表面积、改变矩形波导-圆波导过渡段的连接方式可提高功率容量并缩小微波输出窗的纵向尺寸;采用“I”型的窗体结构可有效抑制三相点(真空-介质-金属)附近的次级电子倍增效应对输出窗性能的影响。在电磁仿真的基础上采用粒子模拟(Particle-in-Cell)的方法研究了微波输出窗三相点附近的次级电子倍增效应,从微观角度进一步证实了“I”型窗体结构可使三相点位置发生移动,减小三相点发射的电子在窗片表面产生次级电子倍增效应的概率,降低微波输出窗的击穿风险。设计结果表明,微波输出窗在中心频点处的主模反射系数低于0.01,传输效率高于99.9%,功率容量可达47.9 MW。

Effect of desorbed gas on microwave breakdown on vacuum side of dielectric window

The gas desorbed from the dielectric surface has a great influence on the characteristics of microwave breakdown on the vacuum side of the dielectric window. In this paper, the dielectric surface breakdown is described by using the electromagnetic particle-in-cell-Monte Carlo collision(PIC-MCC) model. The process of desorption of gas and its influence on the breakdown characteristics are studied. The simulation results show that, due to the accumulation of desorbed gas, the pressure near the dielectric surface increases in time, and the breakdown mechanism transitions from secondary electron multipactor to collision ionization. More and more electrons generated by collision ionization drift to the dielectric surface, so that the amplitude of self-organized normal electric field increases in time and sometimes points to the dielectric surface. Nevertheless, the number of secondary electrons emitted in each microwave cycle is approximately equal to the number of primary electrons. In the early and middle stages of breakdown, the attenuation of the microwave electric field near the dielectric surface is very small. However, the collision ionization causes a sharp increase in the number density of electrons,and the microwave electric field decays rapidly in the later stage of breakdown. Compared with the electromagnetic PIC-MCC simulation results, the mean energy and number of electrons obtained by the electrostatic PIC-MCC model are overestimated in the later stage of breakdown because it does not take into account the attenuation of microwave electric field. The pressure of the desorbed gas predicted by the electromagnetic PIC-MCC model is close to the measured value,when the number of gas atoms desorbed by an incident electron is taken as 0.4.

First Passage Density of Brownian Motion with Two-sided Piecewise Linear Boundaries

The first passage time has many applications in fields like finance,econometrics,statistics,and biology.However,explicit formulas for the first passage density have only been obtained for a few cases.This paper derives an explicit formula for the first passage density of Brownian motion with twosided piecewise continuous boundaries which may have some points of discontinuity.Approximations are used to obtain a simplified formula for estimating the first passage density.Moreover,the results are also generalized to the case of two-sided general nonlinear boundaries.Simulations can be easily carried out with Monte Carlo method and it is demonstrated for several typical two-sided boundaries that the proposed approximation method offers a highly accurate approximation of first passage density.

Three-dimensional simulation method of multipactor in microwave components for high-power space application

Based on the particle-in-cell technology and the secondary electron emission theory, a three-dimensional simulation method for multipactor is presented in this paper. By combining the finite difference time domain method and the panicle tracing method, such an algorithm is self-consistent and accurate since the interaction between electromagnetic fields and particles is properly modeled. In the time domain aspect, the generation of multipactor can be easily visualized, which makes it possible to gain a deeper insight into the physical mechanism of this effect. In addition to the classic secondary electron emission model, the measured practical secondary electron yield is used, which increases the accuracy of the algorithm. In order to validate the method, the impedance transformer and ridge waveguide filter are studied. By analyzing the evolution of the secondaries obtained by our method, multipactor thresholds of these components are estimated, which show good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, the most sensitive positions where multipactor occurs are determined from the phase focusing phenomenon, which is very meaningful for multipactor analysis and design.

An improved secondary electrons energy spectrum model and its application in multipactor discharge

Secondary electron emission （SEE） of metal and dielectric materials plays a key role in multipactor discharge, which is a bottle neck problem for high-power satelliate components. Measurements of both the secondary electron yield （SEY） and the secondary electron energy spectrum （SES） are performed on metal samples for an accurate description of the real SEE phenomenon. In order to simplify the fitting process and improve the simulation efficiency, an improved model is proposed for the description of secondary electrons （SE） emitted from the material surface, including true, elastic, and inelastic SE. Embedding the novel SES model into the electromagnetic particle-in-cell method, the electronic resonant multipactor in microwave components is simulated successfully and hence the discharge threshold is predicted. Simulation results of the SES variation in the improved model demonstrate that the multipactor threshold is strongly dependent on SES. In addition, the mutipactor simulation results agree quite well with the experiment for the practical microwave component, while the numerical model of SEY and SES fits well with the sample data taken from the microwave component.

PIC-MCC Simulation for HPM Multipactor Discharge on Dielectric Surface in Vacuum

In order to understand the physical mechanism of multipactor discharge on dielectric window surface under high power microwave （HPM） excitation in vacuum, an electron movement simulation model based on the particle-in-cell （PIC） Monte Carlo （MC） is built in this paper. The influences of microwave electromagnetic field and electrostatic field from dielectric surface charging are simultaneously considered in this model. During the simulation, the emission velocity and angle distribution of secondary electrons from the dielectric surface are taken into account. The movement trajectories of electron clusters under complex field excitation are obtained. The influences of emergence angle and microwave electromagnetic parameters on the electron movement are analyzed. It is found that the emergence angle of electrons from the surface has significant effect on its movement, and both the impact energy and return time of electrons oscillate periodically with the phase of microwave field. The number of secondary electrons and induced electrostatic field from multipactoring are also investigated. The results reveal that both values oscillate periodically at twice the microwave frequency, which is due to the electron impact energy oscillating with microwave period. A schematic diagram is proposed to explain the periodical oscillation phenomena.

考虑空间电荷自洽作用和绝缘磁场的单边multipactor模型

在考虑了波束相互作用腔中的射频场、聚焦磁场和空间电荷产生的静电场及空间电子束形成自洽相互作用的基础上,针对典型的高功率微波器件——磁绝缘线振荡器建立了单边次级电子倍增模型,统计分析了整个倍增过程中次级电子数目及器件腔壁吸收碰撞电子能量随时间的变化规律,给出了不同聚焦磁场值和电子碰撞角时次级电子的倍增情况.

A hybrid mode of one- and two-surface multipactor on grooved dielectric surface

A hybrid mode of one- and two-surface multipactor on the grooved dielectric surface is studied in detail using both an analytical approach and two-dimensional particle-in-cell（2D PIC） simulations. When the groove width L 〈 eE_0/（4πm_ef^2）,there are one-surface multipactor and one-order two-surface multipactor on the grooved dielectric surface, and only one slope of the groove has the multipactor anytime. When L 〉 eE0/（4πme f^2）, both slopes may have the multipactors. The electron surface density of the multipactor discharge has a sharp increase at the length L = eE_0/（4πm_ef^2）.

Effects of the insulated magnetic field and oblique incidence of electrons on the multipactor in MILO

The theoretical analysis and actual performance of the single-surface multipactor discharge model in the presence of a magnetic field are conducted through simulations. The effects of the magnitude of the insulated magnetic field and the oblique incidence of electrons on the multipactor are analysed. The results show that the multipactor susceptibility region shrinks gradually as the magnetic field increases when the electron cyclotron frequency is close to the RF frequency of the electric field. As a result, the evolution of the multipactor discharge will reach saturation earlier and become saturated at a higher level than the case when the magnetic field is absent, but the change of evolution and saturation as the insulated magnetic field increases is not obvious.

Hybrid domain multipactor prediction algorithm and its CUDA parallel implementation

Based on the finite element method(FEM)in the frequency domain and particle-in-cell approach in the time domain,a hybrid domain multipactor threshold prediction algorithm is proposed in this paper.The proposed algorithm has the advantages of the frequency domain and the time domain algorithms at the same time in terms of high computational accuracy and considerable computational efficiency.In addition,the compute unified device architecture(CUDA)acceleration technique also can be employed to further enhance its simulation efficiency.Numerical examples are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.The results indicate that the multipactor threshold can be accurately predicted and the computational efficiency can be improved.