A novel power-combination method using a time-reversal pulse-compression technique

The electromagnetic time-reversal(TR)technique has the characteristics of spatiotemporal focusing in a time-reversal cavity(TRC),which can be used for pulse compression,thus forming an electromagnetic pulse with high peak power.A time-reversed pulse-compression method in a single channel has high pulse compression gain.However,single channel pulse compression can only generate limited gain.This paper proposes a novel TR power-combination method in a multichannel TRC to obtain higher peak power based on TR pulse-compression theory.First,the TR power-combination model is given,and the crosstalk properties of the associated channel and the influence of the reversal performance are studied.Then,the power-combination performances for the TR pulse compression,such as combined signal to noise ratio(SNR)and combined compression gain,are analyzed by numerical simulation and experimental methods.The results show that the proposed method has obvious advantages over pulse-compression methods using a single channel cavity,and is more convenient for power combination.

Femtosecond electron pulse compression by using the time focusing technique in ultrafast electron diffraction

We present a new model of an electron gun for generating subrelativistic femtosecond （fs） electron pulses. The basic idea is to utilize a dc acceleration stage combined with a time focusing region, the time focusing electrode generates an electron energy chirp for bunching at the target. Without considering the space charge effects, simulations of the electron gun were carried out under the conditions of different dc voltages and various slopes of the voltage added on the time focusing electrode. Tracing and simulating large numbers of photoelectrons through Monte-Carlo and finite difference methods, the electron pulses with 1 ps can be compressed to 55 fs, which will allow significant advances in the field of ultrafast diagnosis.

Lorentz force electrical impedance tomography using pulse compression technique

Lorentz force electrical impedance tomography （LFEIT） combines ultrasound stimulation and electromagnetic field detection with the goal of creating a high contrast and high resolution hybrid imaging modality. In this study, pulse compression working together with a linearly frequency modulated ultrasound pulse was investigated in LFEIT. Experiments were done on agar phantoms having the same level of electrical conductivity as soft biological tissues. The results showed that：（i） LFEIT using pulse compression could detect the location of the electrical conductivity variations precisely; （ii） LFEIT using pulse compression could get the same performance of detecting electrical conductivity variations as the traditional LFEIT using high voltage narrow pulse but reduce the peak stimulating power to the transducer by 25.5 dB; （iii） axial resolution of 1 mm could be obtained using modulation frequency bandwidth 2 MHz.

ASIC Design and Implementation for Digital Pulse Compression Chip

A novel ASIC design of changeable-point digital pulse compression (DPC) chip is presented. System hardware resource is reduced to one third of the traditional design method through operations sharing hardware, (i.e.) let FFT, complex multiplication and IFFT be fulfilled with the same hardware structure. Block-floating-point scaling is used to enhance the dynamic range and computation accuracy. This design applies parallel pipeline structure and the radix-4 butterfly operation to improve the processing speed. In addition, a triple-memory-space(TMS) configuration is used that allows input, computation and output operations to be overlapped, so that the dual-butterfly unit is never left in an idle state waiting for I/O operation. The whole design is implemented with only one chip of XC2V500-5 FPGA. It can implement 1 024-point DPC within 91 6 μs.The output data is converted to floating-point formation to achieve seamless interface with TMS320C6701. The validity of the design is verified by simulation and measurement results.

NEW TYPE OF WINDOWS FOR DIGITAL PULSE COMPRESSION IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN FOR BROADBAND LFM SIGNALS

A new type of window called combined window is designed to get higher Ratio of Mainlobe to Sidelobes (RMS) and lower Mainlobe Widening Factor (MWF). Simulation results prove that the new window can solve the contradiction between RMS and MWF better than classic windows.

Nanosecond Pulse Generators Based on Magnetic Pulse Compression System

Magnetic pulse compression(MPC)system has been widely-used for over a few decades as a technique for producing short-duration,high-peak-power pulses reliably.A novel MPC system which does not contain external demagnetization circuits,has broadened the application of MPC systems.Improvements for novel MPC systems are presented.To meet the required voltage and compression gain and on considering of the overall system efficiency,two kinds of most popular MPC systems based on the improved MPC topology are designed,which are 2-stage MPC system and 3-stage MPC system,respectively.Based on the improved MPC topology,several kinds of compact pulse generators are built in pulsed power and supply technology laboratory of Institute of Electrical Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences.These generators illustrate that the improved MPC topology,together with solid state switches provides an ideal way to generate pulses of around 100 nano-seconds in width,with mid and high voltage of 10 kV to 100 kV,and a high repetition frequency of about 30 kHz.

Generation of 17-TW 23-fs Pulses with a Two-Stage Ti：Sapphire Amplifier at Repetition Rate 10 Hz

我们开发了在一次重复的 produce17-TW/23-fs 脉搏罐头评估 10 MHz 的一个二阶段的 Ti:sapphire 放大器系统。一个双折射的盘子在 regenerativeamplifier 被使用减轻获得变窄，当时所有反射的 cylindrical-mirror-based pulsestretcher 和声光可编程的散过滤器(AOPDF ) 被用来补偿系统的 thehigher 顺序分散。

Energetic few-cycle pulse compression in gas-filled hollow core fiber with concentric phase mask

The compression of high-energy, linearly polarized pulses in a gas-filled hollow core fiber(HCF) by using a concentric phase mask is studied theoretically. Simulation results indicate that using a properly designed concentric phase mask, a40-fs input pulse centered at 800 nm with energy up to 10.0 mJ can be compressed to a full width at half maximum(FWHM) of less than 5 fs after propagating through a neon-filled HCF with a length of 1 m and diameter of 500 μm with a transmission efficiency of 67%, which is significantly higher than that without a concentric phase mask. Pulses with energy up to 20.0 mJ can also be efficiently compressed to less than 10 fs with the concentric phase mask. The higher efficiency due to the concentric phase mask can be attributed to the redistribution of the transverse intensity profile, which reduces the effect of ionization. The proposed method exhibits great potential for generating few-cycle laser pulse sources with high energy by the HCF compressor.

Femtosecond parabolic pulse nonlinear compression with gas-filled hollow-core fiber

We study theoretically the spectral intensity evolutions of the femtosecond Gaussian and parabolic pulses with different initial pulse energies and compare the nonlinear compressions of these pulses based on a meter-long hollow-core fiber filled with neon for different initial pulse durations. The pulses are first coupled into gas-filled hollow-core fiber for spectrum broadening, then compressed by the optimal chirp compensation. The parabolic pulse possesses a shorter pulse duration, larger peak power, and cleaner wings than Gaussian pulse. The properties are useful for compressing the pulses and thus generating the high-energy, short-duration pulses.

Study on pulse compression in tapered holey fibres

This paper proposes three kinds of tapered holey fibres with a multi-layer of holes whose pitch of air holes at the end of untapered and tapered are 5.8 μm and 1.8 μm. The central wavelength which locates in the anomalous dispersion region is 1.55 μm. An adaptive split-step Fourier method is numerically used to study the pulse propagation in tapered holey fibres. For the considered convex tapered holey fibre, at a wavelength of 1.55 μm, a compression factor of 136.7 can be achieved by initial width of 800 fs propagation through a length of 0.8 m. It demonstrates that in anomalous dispersion region, pulse can be compressed with the increase of nonlinearity coefficient and the decrease of dispersion coefficient.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF PULSE COMPRESSION USING PHASE-CODED SIGNALS FOR SPARSE-ARRAY SYNTHETIC IMPULSE AND APERTURE RADAR

Sparse-array Synthetic Impulse and Aperture Radar (SIAR) can isotropically radiate by employing multiple frequencies (synthetic pulse) and multiple antennas (synthetic antenna). According to Ambiguity Function(AF), its range resolution depends only on bandwidth of transmitted signals, however, the distance grating lobes emerge when increasing the time-bandwidth product of transmitted signals. The performance of pulse compression is analyzed with the transmitted signals modulated by phase-coded sequences. It is seen that greater ratio of pulse compression and suppression of range sidelobe in SIAR can be obtained, and its effective range and range resolution is increased as well.

COMPUTER SIMULATION FOR AN ULTRA-LOW RANGE SIDELOBE PULSE COMPRESSION SCHEME

A canceling range sidelobes scheme has been suggested by Yang Guangzheng, et al.,(1997) this technology is based on the fact that all sidelobe of group correlation function of ideal sets are zero. At first, this paper gives the best ideal sets (i. e. the best biphase code sets whose maximal sidelobe not more than 2) for all code length N≤12, which have been obtained from binary sequences by means of the best codes sieving method suggested by Yang Guangzheng, et al.(1997) Computer simulation for group correlation property of best ideal sets for code length N=12 on various conditions is made. Simulation result shows that the sidelobe level of best ideal set with no weighting is zero, under condition of zero-Doppler shift and has ultra-low sidelobe on Doppler up to 5kHz with no weighting and whose tolerance of phase and amplitude distortion is bigger too.

Pulse Compression Technique of Radio Fuze

The advantages of using phase-coded pulse compression technique for radio fuze systems are evaluated. With building mathematical models a matched filter has been implemented successfully. Various simulations for pulse compression waveform coding were done to evaluate the performance of fuze system under noisy environment. The results of the simulation and the data analysis show that the phase-coded pulse compression gets a good result in the signal identification of the radio fuze with matched filter. Simultaneously, a suitable sidelobe suppression filter is established by simulation, the suppressed sidelobe level is acceptable to radio fuze application.

Analysis and Improvement of the Real-Time Segmented Pulse Compression-Detection Algorithm

Real-Time segmented pulse compression-detection is one of the key technologies of space-borne tracking receiver.Its implementation requires an optimized and dedicated hardware.The real-time processing places several constraints such as area occupied,power consumption,and speed.A number of segmented compression techniques have been proposed to overcome these limitations and decrease the processing latency.However,relatively high power loss in the partial field could limit their implementation in many current real-time systems.A good theoretical model was designed with intersection signal accumulation to enhance signalnoise-ratio(SNR) gain of detecting signal in the paper.From the experimental results it is known that this approach works well for pulse compression-detection,which is better suited for implementation in the high performance of current field programmable gate array(FPGA) with dedicated hardware multipliers.

Optical Pulse Compression Based on High-doped Erbium Fiber Amplifier and Standard Single-mode Fiber

Proposed is a novel optical pulse compression technique based on high-doped erbium fiber amplifier and standard single-mode fiber(SMF). We used the amplifier with the erbium ion concentration of 6.3×10-3 to amplify a hyperbolic secant pulse from a regeneratively mode-locked fiber laser. The central wavelength, pulsewidth and peak power of the pulse are 1 550 nm, 12.5 ps and 3 mW, respectively. Then the amplified pulse with peak power level corresponding to a higher-order soliton is compressed when it propagates through a 3-km-long single-mode fiber. Studied are the compressed pulses under different pump powers and fiber lengths. The results show that it can get a narrower pulse, and solve the difficulty that pulses at low power can not be compressed directly in the fiber. And the construct is compact.

An Adaptive Pulse Compression Filter for Ultrasound Contrast Harmonic Imaging

Coded excitation is useful for ultrasound contrast imaging to increase penetration and SNR, and improve the contrast to tissue ratio (CTR). The waveform of bubble response depends greatly on bubble size, the frequency and bandwidth of the excitation chirp signal. This makes the pulse compression filter based on square-law be wrong for bubbles with changing sizes. In this paper, an adaptive pulse compression (APC) filter for the second harmonic of microbubble with varying size distribution is proposed. The APC filter is designed based on the estimated power spectrum of the received bubble harmonic echoes. Theoretical analysis and simulation studies are presented for evaluating performance of the APC filter. For monodisperse bubble, the power improvement factor of the APC filter can be more than 20 dB.

Self-compression of 1.8-μm pulses in gas-filled hollow-core fibers

We numerically study the self-compression of the optical pulses centered at 1.8-μm in a hollow-core fiber （HCF） filled with argon. It is found that the pulse can be self-compressed to 2 optical cycles when the input pulse energy is 0.2-mJ and the gas pressure is 500-mbar （1 bar=10^5 Pa）. Inducing a proper positive chirp into the input pulse can lead to a shorter temporal duration after self-compression. These results will benefit the generation of energetic few-cycle mid-infrared pulses.

Irregular Segmented Region Compression Coding Based on Pulse Coupled Neural Network

An irregular segmented region coding algorithm based on pulse coupled neural network(PCNN) is presented. PCNN has the property of pulse-coupled and changeable threshold, through which these adjacent pixels with approximate gray values can be activated simultaneously. One can draw a conclusion that PCNN has the advantage of realizing the regional segmentation, and the details of original image can be achieved by the parameter adjustment of segmented images, and at the same time, the trivial segmented regions can be avoided. For the better approximation of irregular segmented regions, the Gram-Schmidt method, by which a group of orthonormal basis functions is constructed from a group of linear independent initial base functions, is adopted. Because of the orthonormal reconstructing method, the quality of reconstructed image can be greatly improved and the progressive image transmission will also be possible.

A UWB communication system based on dechirp pulse compression and OOK modulation

In this paper,a novel UWB communication system structure is proposed.The transmitted signal uses OOK modulation and chirp spread spectrum.The received signal first goes through a dechirp pulse compression process,and then is processed with a two-level sliding correlation algorithm for coarse timing synchronization and fine timing synchronization.After the SNR estimation,the signal is demodulated by an energy detection method.An integrated system level simulation model is established,and the performance of this system is evaluated over the AWGN channel,IEEE 802.15.3a CM1 and CM4 channels.The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that this UWB communication system can effectively reduce the sampling rate and signal processing speed at the receiver,and it is more suitable for long-distance and low-rate UWB communications with high spreading gain.

A novel nano-grade organosilicon polymer:Improving airtightness of compressed air energy storage in hard rock formations

Enhancing cavern sealing is crucial for improving the efficiency of compressed air energy storage(CAES)in hard rock formations.This study introduced a novel approach using a nano-grade organosilicon polymer(NOSP)as a sealant,coupled with an air seepage evaluation model that incorporates Knudsen diffusion.Moreover,the initial coating application methods were outlined,and the advantages of using NOSP compared to other sealing materials,particularly regarding cost and construction techniques,were also examined and discussed.Experimental results indicated a significant reduction in permeability of rock specimens coated with a 7–10μm thick NOSP layer.Specifically,under a 0.5 MPa pulse pressure,the permeability decreased to less than 1 n D,and under a 4 MPa pulse pressure,it ranged between4.5×10^(-6)–5.5×10^(-6)m D,marking a 75%–80%decrease in granite permeability.The sealing efficacy of NOSP surpasses concrete and is comparable to rubber materials.The optimal viscosity for application lies between 95 and 105 KU,and the coating thickness should ideally range from 7 to 10μm,applied to substrates with less than 3%porosity.This study provides new insights into air transport and sealing mechanisms at the pore level,proposing NOSP as a cost-effective and simplified solution for CAES applications.