Two-step pyrolysis of ZIF-8 functionalized with ammonium ferric citrate for efficient oxygen reduction reaction

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks（ZIFs） are widely employed in catalyst synthesis as parental materials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Herein, we have demonstrated a facile synthesis of highly efficient catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in both alkaline and acidic medium, which is derived from ZIF-8 functionalized with ammonium ferric citrate via two-step pyrolysis in Ar and NHatmosphere.The results reveal that the catalytic activity improvement after NH3 pyrolysis benefits from mesoporedominated morphology and high utilization of Fe-containing active sites. The optimum catalyst shows excellent performance in zinc-air battery and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell tests.

Mechanism,Kinetics,and Thermodynamic Characteristics for the Demetallization of Used Lubricating Oil via Pyrolysis

This study analyzed the pyrolysis mechanism,developed a pyrolysis kinetic model,and determined the corresponding thermodynamic parameters for the removal of calcium from used lubricating oil using sulfurized calcium alkyl phenolate(T-115B)as a model compound.The pyrolysis process and products were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Visual inspection indicated that the removal of calcium from T-115B depended primarily on the destruction of micelles caused by the pyrolysis of compounds at high temperatures.The pyrolysis characteristics of T-115B at different heating rates were investigated by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis,which revealed two distinct pyrolysis phases.Thus,the pyrolysis mechanism can be described by a twostep model.The activation energy and thermodynamic parameters(ΔH,ΔG,andΔS)were determined by applying the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose,Flynn-Wall-Ozawa,Friedman,and Starink methods;the average activation energies for T-115B pyrolysis obtained using these methods were 115.80,119.84,124.96,and 116.14 kJ/mol,respectively.Further,both stages of the pyrolysis reaction followed Fn mechanisms with n=1.39 in the first stage and n=0.86 in the second stage.This study provides reliable and effective pyrolysis models along with kinetic and thermodynamic parameters to facilitate the largescale industrial application of used lubricating oil.

Structure and Performance of Fe-N_x-C Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Prepared by Vacuum Casting Method and the Second Pyrolysis

Affordable non-precious metal（NPM） catalysts played a vital role in the wide application of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells（PEMFC）. In current work, a facile vacuum casting reacting method based on vacuum casting was introduced to prepare Fe-N_x-C oxygen reduction reaction（ORR） catalysts with high efficient in acid medium. The catalysts were prepared with ammonium ferrous sulfate hexahydrate（AFS） and 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate utilizing homemade mesoporous silica template. The heat treatment and its influence on structure and performance were systematically evaluated to achieve superior ORR performance and some clues were found. And 850 ℃ was found to be the best temperature for the first and second pyrolysis. The linear sweep voltammetry（LSV） results showed that there were only 18 mV slightly negative shifts of half-wave potential（E_（1/2）） of the optimal catalyst（749 mV） compared with the commercial Pt/C（20 μg·Pt·cm^-2）. Besides, I850 R also showed better electrochemical stability and methanol-tolerance than that of Pt/C. All evidences proved that our vacuum casting reacting strategy and heat treatment process were prospective for the future R＆D of high performance Fe-N_x-C ORR catalysts.

A new two-step variational model for multiplicative noise removal with applications to texture images

Multiplicative noise removal problems have attracted much attention in recent years.Unlike additive noise,multiplicative noise destroys almost all information of the original image,especially for texture images.Motivated by the TV-Stokes model,we propose a new two-step variational model to denoise the texture images corrupted by multiplicative noise with a good geometry explanation in this paper.In the first step,we convert the multiplicative denoising problem into an additive one by the logarithm transform and propagate the isophote directions in the tangential field smoothing.Once the isophote directions are constructed,an image is restored to fit the constructed directions in the second step.The existence and uniqueness of the solution to the variational problems are proved.In these two steps,we use the gradient descent method and construct finite difference schemes to solve the problems.Especially,the augmented Lagrangian method and the fast Fourier transform are adopted to accelerate the calculation.Experimental results show that the proposed model can remove the multiplicative noise efficiently and protect the texture well.

Influence of carbon coating prepared by microwave pyrolysis on properties of LiNi_(1/3) Mn_(1/3) Co_(1/3) O_2

A novel synthesis method of carbon-coated LiNil/3Mnl/3COl/302 cathode material for lithium-ion battery was reported. The carbon coating was produced from a precursor, glucose, by microwave-pyrolysis method. The prepared powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray fluorescence （XRF） and charge/discharge tests. XRD results indicate that the carbon coating does not change the phase structure of LiNil/3Mnl/3C01/302 material. SEM results show that the surface of spherical carbon-coated material becomes rough. Electrochemical performance results show that the carbon coating can improve the cycling performance of LiNii/3Mnl/3C01/302. The specific discharge capacity retention of the carbon-coated LiNi1/3Mnt/3Col/30z reached 85.0%-96.0% at the 50th cycle at 0.2C rate, and the specific discharge capacity retention is improved at a high rate.

Pyrolysis Empirical Modeling of Polyester Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics Using Sestak-Berggren Model Method

Polyester Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic(Polyester GFRP),a thermosetting plastic comprised of glass fiber and polyester polymer compounds,is extensively utilized in high-speed trains.Unraveling its pyrolysis mechanism is crucial as it significantly influences the combustion characteristics and fire safety aspects.Currently,kinetic research on polyester GFRP primarily focuses on employing the Coats-Redfern method to derive a theoretical kinetic model.However,the pyrolysis process of polyester GFRP is complex and the aforementioned theoretical model fails to accurately describe the pyrolysis mechanism.Therefore,this study seeks to utilize the Sestak and Berggren(SB) model as a methodological approach to reveal the complex reaction mechanism during the pyrolysis process.Based on thermogravimetric analysis,the entire pyrolysis process of polyester GFRP is divided into two primary stages.Furthermore,model-free methods are employed to ascertain the activation energy and pre-exponential factor.The results show that the fitted empirical models of the two main pyrolysis stages are f(α)=(1-α)^(1.47)[-ln(1-α)]^(1.50) and f(α)=(1-α)^(1.77)[-ln(1-α)]^(1.72),respectively.The predicted results are in good agreement with experimental data under different heating rates,which indicates that the empirical model can sufficiently describe the pyrolysis process of polyester GFRP.

Temperature-dependent photoluminescence on organic inorganic metal halide perovskite CH_3NH_3Pb I_(3-)Cl_ prepared on ZnO/FTO substrates using a two-step method

Temperature-dependent photoluminescence characteristics of organic-inorganic halide perovskite CH3NH3Pb I3-xClx films prepared using a two-step method on ZnO/FTO substrates were investigated. Surface morphology and absorption characteristics of the films were also studied. Scanning electron microscopy revealed large crystals and substrate coverage. The orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition temperature was-140 K. The films＇ exciton binding energy was 77.6 ± 10.9 meV and the energy of optical phonons was 38.8 ± 2.5 meV. These results suggest that perovskite CH3NH3Pb I（3-x）Clx films have excellent optoelectronic characteristics which further suggests their potential usage in perovskitebased optoelectronic devices.

Applying the Dynamic Two-Step Method to Forecast Remaining Oil Distribution of Lower Series ,Xiaermen Oilfield

The distribution of remaining oil is often described qualitatively. The remaining oil distributed in the whole reservoir is calculated according to the characteristics of the space distribution of the saturation of remaining oil. Logging data are required to accomplish this. However, many such projects cannot be completed. Since the old study of remaining oil distribution could not be quantified efficiently, the ＂dynamic two-step method＂ is presented. Firstly, the water cut of every flow unit in one well at one time is calculated according to the comprehensive water cut of a single well at one time. Secondly, the remaining oil saturation of the flow unit of the well at one time is calculated based on the water cut of the flow unit at a given time. The results show that ＂dynamic two-step method＂ has characteristics of simplicity and convenience, and is especially suitable for the study of remaining oil distribution at high water-cut stage. The distribution of remaining oil presented banding and potato form, remaining oil was relatively concentrated in faultage neighborhood and imperfect well netting position, and the net thickness of the place was great. This proposal can provide an effective way to forecast remaining oil distribution and enhance oil recovery, especially applied at the high water-cut stage.

Type Ⅰ kerogen-rich oil shale from the Democratic Republic of the Congo: mineralogical description and pyrolysis kinetics

The Democratic Republic of the Congo holds important reserves of oil shale which is still under geological status.Herein,the characterization and pyrolysis kinetics of typeⅠkerogen-rich oil shale of the western Central Kongo(CK)were investigated.X-ray diffraction,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis(TG/DTA)showed that CK oil shale exhibits a siliceous mineral matrix with a consistent organic matter rich in aliphatic chains.The pyrolysis behavior of kerogen revealed the presence of a single mass loss between 300 and 550°C,estimated at 12.5%and attributed to the oil production stage.Non-isothermal kinetics was performed by determining the activation energy using the iterative isoconversional model-free methods and exhibits a constant value with E=211.5±4.7 kJ mol.1.The most probable kinetic model describing the kerogen pyrolysis mechanism was obtained using the Coats–Redfern and Arrhenius plot methods.The results showed a unique kinetic triplet confirming the nature of kerogen,predominantly typeⅠand reinforcing the previously reported geochemical characteristics of the CK oil shale.Besides,the calculation of thermodynamic parameters(ΔH~*,ΔS~*andΔG~*)corresponding to the pyrolysis of typeⅠkerogen revealed that the process is non-spontaneous,in agreement with DTA experiments.

The convergence ball and error analysis of the two-step Secant method

Under the assumption that the nonlinear operator has Lipschitz continuous divided differences for the first order,we obtain an estimate of the radius of the convergence ball for the two-step secant method.Moreover,we also provide an error estimate that matches the convergence order of the two-step secant method.At last,we give an application of the proposed theorem.

Solution of Nonlinear Integro Differential Equations by Two-Step Adomian Decomposition Method (TSAM)

The Adomian decomposition method (ADM) can be used to solve a wide range of problems and usually gets the solution in a series form. In this paper, we propose two-step Adomian Decomposition Method (TSAM) for nonlinear integro-differential equations that will facilitate the calculations. In this modification, compared to the standard Adomian decomposition method, the size of calculations was reduced. This modification also avoids computing Adomian polynomials. Numerical results are given to show the efficiency and performance of this method.

五氧化二钒薄膜材料制备方法研究进展

由于V^(5+)的饱和氧化态,五氧化二钒成为钒体系中最稳定的氧化物。作为功能材料,五氧化二钒薄膜在众多科学领域有着巨大的应用潜力,因而受到越来越多的关注。这主要归功于其特殊的层状结构、高能量密度、良好的化学和热稳定性以及优异的光学和电学性能。五氧化二钒薄膜的制备方法很多,采用不同的实验方法在不同衬底上制备的五氧化二钒薄膜因化学成分和组织结构差异而造成其电学、光学性能也存在显著的差异。本文详细阐述了五氧化二钒薄膜现有的制备技术,并对五氧化二钒薄膜材料应用的发展趋势进行了展望,以期为五氧化二钒薄膜产业的发展提供参考。

Effect of preparation methods on the adsorption property of municipal solid waste-based carbon materials

Three different preparation methods including steam physical activation, catalytic carbonation and KOH chemical activation methods were used to prepare municipal solid waste- based carbon materials. The methylene blue （MB） adsorption value was applied to evaluate the adsorption capabilities of the prepared carbon materials. The effects of preparation methods on adsorption capability and yield of products were investigated. The yield of carbon materials with the catalytic carbonation method is the highest, and the KOH activation method is the second level. Considering the adsorption performance, the KOH activation method is much more favorable. Among the different components of municipal solid waste-based carbon materials, the adsorption properties of the single component of paperboard, the double components of tire and paperboard, the triple components of tire, paperboard and polyvinyl chloride （PVC）, and the multi-component mixtures are better than those of other single-, double-, triple- and multi-component mixtures, respectively.

Arrhenius relationship and two-step scheme in AF hyperdynamics simulation of diffusion of Mg/Zn interface

The accelerating factor （AF） method is a simple and appropriate way to investigate the atomic long-time deep diffusion at solid-solid interface. In the framework of AF hyperdynamics （HD） simulation, the relationship between the diffusion coefficient along the direction of z-axis which is normal to the Mg/Zn interface and temperature was investigated, and the AF＇s impact on the diffusion constant （D0） and activation energy （Q^＊） was studied. Then, two steps were taken to simulate the atomic diffusion process and the formation of new phases： one for acceleration and the other for equilibration. The results show that： the Arrhenius equation works well for the description of Dz with different accelerating factors; the AF has no effect on the diffusion constant Do in the case of no phase transition; and the relationship between Q＊ and Q conforms to Q^＊=Q/A. Then, the new Arrhenius equation for AFHD is successfully constructed as Dz=Doexp[-Q/（ART）]. Meanwhile, the authentic equilibrium conformations at any dynamic moment can only be reproduced by the equilibration simulation of the HD-simulated configurations. Key words： accelerating factor method; Arrhenius equation; two-steps scheme; Mg/Zn interface; hyperdynamic simulation

有机前驱体法制备氮化硼纤维的研究

氮化硼(BN)纤维是一种耐热和介电性能优异的陶瓷纤维,目前的主要合成方法为有机前驱体转化法。以聚三甲胺基环硼氮烷为前驱体,通过熔融纺丝、不熔化和力热耦合热解处理,制备出直径均匀的BN纤维。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X光电子能谱(XPS)、BET比表面积等手段对BN纤维的微观结构、结晶性能、元素组成以及孔隙率进行详细表征。结果表明:1600℃热处理得到的BN纤维,表面光滑,织态结构完整,拉伸强度可达640.3MPa,而1000℃热处理得到的BN纤维,孔隙率高,比表面积最大,比表面积可达362.64m^(2)/g。

氮掺杂生物质多孔碳材料的制备及其在超级电容器中的应用

以碳化后的纤维素为基底,KOH为活化剂,尿素作为掺杂剂,采用热解法和活化法相结合成功制备了氮掺杂生物质多孔碳(N-PBCs),并通过一系列的表征手段证明了所制备的N-PBCs电极材料具有良好的孔径结构和大量的缺陷结构。此外,基于N-PBCs的水系对称超级电容器的最高比电容达到了230.1F·g^(-1)(电流密度0.3A·g^(-1)),当电流密度增加到10A·g^(-1)时,其比电容量保持率仍高达84.7%。这为下一代新型储能器件材料的开发提供了新思路。

氟掺杂富锂层状氧化物的电化学性能

富锂锰基正极材料的应用前景广阔,但循环稳定性较差。为增强材料的电化学稳定性,设置F掺杂浓度梯度实验。采用聚合-热解法,通过优化丙烯酸聚合过程中的原料比例,制备Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)Mn_(0.54) O_(2-x)F_(x)材料,探究F掺杂比例对正极材料微观形貌和电化学稳定性的影响,定量分析首次充放电过程中,不同阶段氧化还原反应的容量释放情况。采用XRD、SEM分析样品的物相组成和微观形貌;采用恒流充放电和电化学阻抗测试分析样品的电化学性能。F掺杂可提升富锂锰基正极材料的电化学稳定性,x=0.03时,样品LMNC-F0.03的层状结构明显,阳离子混排程度低,电化学稳定性最优。以0.5 C在2.0~4.8 V循环100次,放电比容量为186.97 mAh/g,容量保持率为85.76%,放电中值电压保持率为84.93%;2.0 C倍率下的平均放电比容量为147.68 mAh/g。

生态环境视域下基层医院医疗废物处理研究

医疗废物含有大量的病毒、致病微生物以及化学药剂等,若直接排放对生态环境污染性大。因此,文章研究一种生态环境视域下基层医院医疗废物处理方法。该方法采用高温高压蒸汽灭菌与热解气化联合技术,对医疗废物进行前处理和深度处理。通过此法,废物中的病毒、致病微生物及化学药剂得到有效消减。研究结果表明,处理后二噁英含量显著降低,符合国家标准,杀菌率高达90%以上。这不仅验证了联合处理技术的有效性,也显示了对生态环境的保护作用。此方法为基层医院处理医疗废物提供了新的解决方案,有助于减少环境污染,促进生态平衡。