A numerical program is built to simulate the performance of a spark ignited two-stroke free-piston engine coupled with a linear generator. The computational model combines a series of dynamic and thermodynamic equatio...A numerical program is built to simulate the performance of a spark ignited two-stroke free-piston engine coupled with a linear generator. The computational model combines a series of dynamic and thermodynamic equations that are solved simultaneously to predict the performances of the engines. The dynamic analysis performed consists of an evaluation of the frictional force and load force introduced by the generator. The thermodynamic analysis used a single zone model to describe the engine＇ s working cycle which includes intake, scavenging, compression, combustion and expansion, and to evaluate the effect of heat transfer based on the first law of thermodynamics and the ideal gas state equation. Because there is no crankshaft, a time based Wiebe equation was used to express the fraction of fuel burned in the combustion. The calculated results were validated by using the experimental data from another research group. The results indicate that the free-piston generator has some advantages over conventional engines.展开更多
A novel two-stroke boosted uniflow scavenged direct-injection gasoline (BUSDIG) engine has been proposed and designed in order to achieve aggressive engine downsizing and down-speeding for higher engine performance an...A novel two-stroke boosted uniflow scavenged direct-injection gasoline (BUSDIG) engine has been proposed and designed in order to achieve aggressive engine downsizing and down-speeding for higher engine performance and efficiency. In this paper, the design and development of the BUSDIG engine are outlined discussed and the key findings are summarized to highlight the progress of the development of the proposed two-stroke BUSDIG engine. In order to maximize the scavenging performance and produce sufficient in-cylinder flow motions for the fuel/air mixing process in the two-stroke BUSDIG engine, the engine bore/stroke ratio, intake scavenge port angles, and intake plenum design were optimized by three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The effects of the opening profiles of the scavenge ports and exhaust valves on controlling the scavenging process were also investigated. In order to achieve optimal in-cylinder fuel stratification, the mixture-formation processes by different injection strategies were studied by using CFD simulations with a calibrated Reitz–Diwakar breakup model. Based on the optimal design of the BUSDIG engine, one-dimensional (1D) engine simulations were performed in Ricardo WAVE. The results showed that a maximum brake thermal efficiency of 47.2% can be achieved for the two-stroke BUSDIG engine with lean combustion and water injection. A peak brake toque of 379 N·m and a peak brake power density of 112 kW·L^-1 were achieved at 1600 and 4000 r·min^-1, respectively, in the BUSDIG engine with the stoichiometric condition.展开更多
A frequency compensation control method for the opposed-piston two-stroke folded-cranktrain（ OPFC） diesel engine＇s common rail system is presented as a result of the study of the loop-shaping theory. A common rail ...A frequency compensation control method for the opposed-piston two-stroke folded-cranktrain（ OPFC） diesel engine＇s common rail system is presented as a result of the study of the loop-shaping theory. A common rail working process and the classical frequency control theory are combined to construct a frequency restriction of common rail pressure. A frequency compensator is utilized to improve the robustness of multiplicative perturbations and disturbance. The loop-shaping method has been applied to design the common rail pressure controller of the OPFC diesel engine. Simulation and bench test results show that in the condition of perturbation that comes from the effect of injection,multi-injection,fuel pumping of a pre-cylinder,and instantaneous pressure fluctuation,the controller indicates high precision. Compared with the original controller,this method improves the control precision by 67. 3%.展开更多
In order to study the effect of two-stage injection on two-stroke diesel engines, a well characterized research engine equipped with electronically controlled common rail system and scavenging system was constructed. ...In order to study the effect of two-stage injection on two-stroke diesel engines, a well characterized research engine equipped with electronically controlled common rail system and scavenging system was constructed. Through analysis of combustion and emissions, two-stage injection shows its advantages. Compared with the standard injection, it produces less emissions, while compared with single early injection, it expands engine operation range. Further experiments were carried out to study the influence of several injection control parameters on two-stage injection. The fuel in the first injection is used for forming homogeneous mixture. The fuel in the second injection keeps combustion, and it is the main source of smoke emissions. NO_x is formed in both combustion process caused by these two injections, and there is an optimum fuel allocation ration to produce minimum NO_x. The cylinder pressure decreases, and the combustion is depressed with the increasing of scavenging pressure. By optimizing the injection control parameters of two-stage injection, NO_x and smoke can be reduced beyond 30% simultaneously.展开更多
The effects of different flow forms on an opposed-piston two-stroke（OPTS）gasoline-directinjection（GDI）engine was studied by analyzing the mixture formation and combustion.Swirl was broken and dissipated gradually ...The effects of different flow forms on an opposed-piston two-stroke（OPTS）gasoline-directinjection（GDI）engine was studied by analyzing the mixture formation and combustion.Swirl was broken and dissipated gradually and the turbulence kinetic energy（TKE）was small in the compression process;however,tumble was strengthened and the TKE was strong in the compression process.For swirl around X axis（the axis of cylinder）and tumble around Y axis（the vertical direction of injector）,droplets were attached to the cylinder liner by the centrifugal force and the mixture distribution was poor.For tumble around Zaxis（the direction of injector）,the wall film in cylinder liner was thin and mixture distribution was homogeneous.Results showed that since the injector were installed on the wall of the cylinder liner in the OPTS-GDI engine,the spray angle was small and the mixture formation time was short.The 45° oblique axis tumble ratio of 1 was reasonable for the mixture formation and combustion for an OPTS-GDI engine.展开更多
The in-cylinder gas exchange process is crucial to the power performance of two-stroke aircraft piston engines,which is easily influenced by complex factors such as high-altitude performance variation and in-cylinder ...The in-cylinder gas exchange process is crucial to the power performance of two-stroke aircraft piston engines,which is easily influenced by complex factors such as high-altitude performance variation and in-cylinder flow characteristics.This paper reviews the development history and characteristics of gas exchange types,as well as the current state of theory and the validation methods of gas exchange technology,while also discusses the trends of cutting-edge technologies in the field.This paper provides a theoretical foundation for the optimization and engineering design of gas exchange systems and,more importantly,points out that the innovation of gas exchange types,the modification of theoretical models,and the technology of variable airflow organization are the key future research directions in this field.展开更多
This study is an optimized extension based on the authors’previous research on the tribo-chemical reaction under constant temperature field of two-stroke internal combustion engines(ICEs).It establishes a coupled ana...This study is an optimized extension based on the authors’previous research on the tribo-chemical reaction under constant temperature field of two-stroke internal combustion engines(ICEs).It establishes a coupled analysis model that considers the tribo-chemical reactions,dynamic contact,and interface lubrication of the piston ring-cylinder liner(PRCL)system under transient temperature conditions.In this study,for the first time,the prediction of the tribofilm thickness and its influence on the surface micro-topography(the comprehensive roughness)are coupled in the working temperature field of the PRCL system,forming an effective model framework and providing a model basis and analytical basis for subsequent research.This study findings reveal that by incorporating temperature and tribofilm into the simulation model,the average friction deviation throughout the stroke decreases from 8.92%to 0.93%when compared to experimental results.Moreover,the deviation during the combustion regime reduces from 39.56%to 7.34%.The proposed coupled model provides a valuable tool for the evaluation of lubrication performance of the PRCL system and supports the analysis software forward design in two-stroke ICEs.展开更多
为分析排气管内压力波动对发动机二冲程制动功率的影响,以某重型柴油机为研究对象,利用GT-Power建立发动机二冲程制动一维模型,通过修改排气型线开展排气道压力波动对制动性能影响的研究。结果表明:第二次减压制动(the second compressi...为分析排气管内压力波动对发动机二冲程制动功率的影响,以某重型柴油机为研究对象,利用GT-Power建立发动机二冲程制动一维模型,通过修改排气型线开展排气道压力波动对制动性能影响的研究。结果表明:第二次减压制动(the second compression release braking,2nd CRB)相位开启时的压力波动会影响到其他气缸的排气回流,进而影响发动机的制动功率。进一步对排气管进行三维流场计算,证明了其他气缸2nd CRB相位排气门开启时的压力波传递对排气回流阶段排气回流的影响。最后通过试验设计(design of experiment,DoE),结合响应面拟合和粒子群算法对排气管几何尺寸进行优化,优化后该柴油机二冲程减压制动模式下2100 r/min工况的最大制动功率可达到395.08 kW。展开更多
文摘A numerical program is built to simulate the performance of a spark ignited two-stroke free-piston engine coupled with a linear generator. The computational model combines a series of dynamic and thermodynamic equations that are solved simultaneously to predict the performances of the engines. The dynamic analysis performed consists of an evaluation of the frictional force and load force introduced by the generator. The thermodynamic analysis used a single zone model to describe the engine＇ s working cycle which includes intake, scavenging, compression, combustion and expansion, and to evaluate the effect of heat transfer based on the first law of thermodynamics and the ideal gas state equation. Because there is no crankshaft, a time based Wiebe equation was used to express the fraction of fuel burned in the combustion. The calculated results were validated by using the experimental data from another research group. The results indicate that the free-piston generator has some advantages over conventional engines.
基金financial support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
文摘A novel two-stroke boosted uniflow scavenged direct-injection gasoline (BUSDIG) engine has been proposed and designed in order to achieve aggressive engine downsizing and down-speeding for higher engine performance and efficiency. In this paper, the design and development of the BUSDIG engine are outlined discussed and the key findings are summarized to highlight the progress of the development of the proposed two-stroke BUSDIG engine. In order to maximize the scavenging performance and produce sufficient in-cylinder flow motions for the fuel/air mixing process in the two-stroke BUSDIG engine, the engine bore/stroke ratio, intake scavenge port angles, and intake plenum design were optimized by three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The effects of the opening profiles of the scavenge ports and exhaust valves on controlling the scavenging process were also investigated. In order to achieve optimal in-cylinder fuel stratification, the mixture-formation processes by different injection strategies were studied by using CFD simulations with a calibrated Reitz–Diwakar breakup model. Based on the optimal design of the BUSDIG engine, one-dimensional (1D) engine simulations were performed in Ricardo WAVE. The results showed that a maximum brake thermal efficiency of 47.2% can be achieved for the two-stroke BUSDIG engine with lean combustion and water injection. A peak brake toque of 379 N·m and a peak brake power density of 112 kW·L^-1 were achieved at 1600 and 4000 r·min^-1, respectively, in the BUSDIG engine with the stoichiometric condition.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51406013)
文摘A frequency compensation control method for the opposed-piston two-stroke folded-cranktrain（ OPFC） diesel engine＇s common rail system is presented as a result of the study of the loop-shaping theory. A common rail working process and the classical frequency control theory are combined to construct a frequency restriction of common rail pressure. A frequency compensator is utilized to improve the robustness of multiplicative perturbations and disturbance. The loop-shaping method has been applied to design the common rail pressure controller of the OPFC diesel engine. Simulation and bench test results show that in the condition of perturbation that comes from the effect of injection,multi-injection,fuel pumping of a pre-cylinder,and instantaneous pressure fluctuation,the controller indicates high precision. Compared with the original controller,this method improves the control precision by 67. 3%.
基金The National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2001CB209208)The National Science Foundation of China(No.50136040)
文摘In order to study the effect of two-stage injection on two-stroke diesel engines, a well characterized research engine equipped with electronically controlled common rail system and scavenging system was constructed. Through analysis of combustion and emissions, two-stage injection shows its advantages. Compared with the standard injection, it produces less emissions, while compared with single early injection, it expands engine operation range. Further experiments were carried out to study the influence of several injection control parameters on two-stage injection. The fuel in the first injection is used for forming homogeneous mixture. The fuel in the second injection keeps combustion, and it is the main source of smoke emissions. NO_x is formed in both combustion process caused by these two injections, and there is an optimum fuel allocation ration to produce minimum NO_x. The cylinder pressure decreases, and the combustion is depressed with the increasing of scavenging pressure. By optimizing the injection control parameters of two-stage injection, NO_x and smoke can be reduced beyond 30% simultaneously.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(B2220110005)
文摘The effects of different flow forms on an opposed-piston two-stroke（OPTS）gasoline-directinjection（GDI）engine was studied by analyzing the mixture formation and combustion.Swirl was broken and dissipated gradually and the turbulence kinetic energy（TKE）was small in the compression process;however,tumble was strengthened and the TKE was strong in the compression process.For swirl around X axis（the axis of cylinder）and tumble around Y axis（the vertical direction of injector）,droplets were attached to the cylinder liner by the centrifugal force and the mixture distribution was poor.For tumble around Zaxis（the direction of injector）,the wall film in cylinder liner was thin and mixture distribution was homogeneous.Results showed that since the injector were installed on the wall of the cylinder liner in the OPTS-GDI engine,the spray angle was small and the mixture formation time was short.The 45° oblique axis tumble ratio of 1 was reasonable for the mixture formation and combustion for an OPTS-GDI engine.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52206131,U2233213and 51775025)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB2602002,2018YFB0104100)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ22E060004)the Science Center of Gas Turbine Project,China(No.P2022-A-I-001-001)。
文摘The in-cylinder gas exchange process is crucial to the power performance of two-stroke aircraft piston engines,which is easily influenced by complex factors such as high-altitude performance variation and in-cylinder flow characteristics.This paper reviews the development history and characteristics of gas exchange types,as well as the current state of theory and the validation methods of gas exchange technology,while also discusses the trends of cutting-edge technologies in the field.This paper provides a theoretical foundation for the optimization and engineering design of gas exchange systems and,more importantly,points out that the innovation of gas exchange types,the modification of theoretical models,and the technology of variable airflow organization are the key future research directions in this field.
基金supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2022QE183).
文摘This study is an optimized extension based on the authors’previous research on the tribo-chemical reaction under constant temperature field of two-stroke internal combustion engines(ICEs).It establishes a coupled analysis model that considers the tribo-chemical reactions,dynamic contact,and interface lubrication of the piston ring-cylinder liner(PRCL)system under transient temperature conditions.In this study,for the first time,the prediction of the tribofilm thickness and its influence on the surface micro-topography(the comprehensive roughness)are coupled in the working temperature field of the PRCL system,forming an effective model framework and providing a model basis and analytical basis for subsequent research.This study findings reveal that by incorporating temperature and tribofilm into the simulation model,the average friction deviation throughout the stroke decreases from 8.92%to 0.93%when compared to experimental results.Moreover,the deviation during the combustion regime reduces from 39.56%to 7.34%.The proposed coupled model provides a valuable tool for the evaluation of lubrication performance of the PRCL system and supports the analysis software forward design in two-stroke ICEs.
