An Evidence-Based CoCoSo Framework with Double Hierarchy Linguistic Data for Viable Selection of Hydrogen Storage Methods

Hydrogen is the new age alternative energy source to combat energy demand and climate change.Storage of hydrogen is vital for a nation’s growth.Works of literature provide different methods for storing the produced hydrogen,and the rational selection of a viable method is crucial for promoting sustainability and green practices.Typically,hydrogen storage is associated with diverse sustainable and circular economy(SCE)criteria.As a result,the authors consider the situation a multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)problem.Studies infer that previous models for hydrogen storage method(HSM)selection(i)do not consider preferences in the natural language form;(ii)weights of experts are not methodically determined;(iii)hesitation of experts during criteria weight assessment is not effectively explored;and(iv)three-stage solution of a suitable selection of HSM is unexplored.Driven by these gaps,in this paper,authors put forward a new integrated framework,which considers double hierarchy linguistic information for rating,criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation(CRITIC)for expert weight calculation,evidence-based Bayesian method for criteria weight estimation,and combined compromise solution(CoCoSo)for ranking HSMs.The applicability of the developed framework is testified by using a case example of HSM selection in India.Sensitivity and comparative analysis reveal the merits and limitations of the developed framework.

Introspective Methods in Applied Linguistics

The present paper discusses introspective methods in applied linguistics. Introspective methods are ways of eliciting self-reflections from respondent. Two special techniques of introspective methods, namely, Think-aloud and Retrospective in?terview are presented. Furthermore, an evaluation of these methods is also provided.

A Hybrid Learning Method for the Data-Driven Design of Linguistic Dynamic Systems

In lots of data based prediction or modeling applications,uncertainties and/or noises in the observed data cannot be avoided.In such cases,it is more preferable and reasonable to provide linguistic(fuzzy)predicted results described by fuzzy memberships or fuzzy sets instead of the crisp estimates depicted by numbers.Linguistic dynamic system(LDS)provides a powerful tool for yielding linguistic(fuzzy)results.However,it is still difficult to construct LDS models from observed data.To solve this issue,this paper first presents a simplified LDS whose inputoutput mapping can be determined by closed-form formulas.Then,a hybrid learning method is proposed to construct the data-driven LDS model.The proposed hybrid learning method firstly generates fuzzy rules by the subtractive clustering method,then carries out further optimization of centers of the consequent triangular fuzzy sets in the fuzzy rules,and finally adopts multiobjective optimization algorithm to determine the left and right end-points of the consequent triangular fuzzy sets.The proposed approach is successfully applied to three real-world prediction applications which are:prediction of energy consumption of a building,forecasting of the traffic flow,and prediction of the wind speed.Simulation results show that the uncertainties in the data can be effectively captured by the linguistic(fuzzy)estimates.It can also be extended to some other prediction or modeling problems,in which observed data have high levels of uncertainties.

Quantitative Methodology in Linguistics

The paper is devoted to the study of quantitative methods in linguistics and describes the studies conducted. The purpose is to give the general idea of these studies. The first one considers one of the principal logical categories--the quality. The basis of the research was comprised of lexicographical recourses. The text study finishes up the research. The second one dwells on the usage of the typological indices method in the research of comparatives and superlatives in English, German, and Russian texts. The principal method used is that of typological indices. As the result, people can observe the prospects of this method in linguistics

A Great Work on the Leap-Forward Development of Linguistics——A Book Review on Contrastive Linguistics

Contrastive Linguistics is a book on linguistics by Professor Ke Ping.It defined the discipline property of contrastive linguistics.The categories and the theory system of contrastive linguistics get deepened,for Professor Ke brings forward the term tertium contrast and divide the inferiority into extra-linguistic subsystem and intra-linguistic subsystem.The research methods of contrastive linguistics get enriched through putting forward three kinds of positive quantitative contrastive research methods.In addition,it cites various authorities and develops the new through critical assimilation of the old.And the theory mentioned in this book is tightly integrated with practice.So the book is rather valuable and Suitable for a variety of readers with different purposes.

Multi-criteria linguistic interval group decision-making approach

For group decision-making problems with linguistic assessment information, a new method based on two-tuple and WC-OWA operator is proposed, in which the criteria＇s weights and the decision-makers＇ preference information might take the form of linguistic grade, or might be between two continuous linguistic grades, or might be linguistic interval, or might be default. In this method, all linguistic values are transformed into two-tuple, and an aggregative decision-making matrix is obtained by using interval operation. The group aggregative values of each criterion on alternatives are computed by using a WC-OWA operator, the aggregative values on alternatives are worked out, and transformed into two-tuple. And the rank of the alternatives is obtained by using the order property of two-tuple. An example shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Dombi-Normalized Weighted Bonferroni Mean Operators with Novel Multiple-Valued Complex Neutrosophic Uncertain Linguistic Sets and Their Application in Decision Making

Although fuzzy set concepts have evolved,neutrosophic sets are attractingmore attention due to the greater power of the structure of neutrosophic sets.The ability to account for components that are true,false or neither true nor false is useful in the resolution of real-life problems.However,simultaneous variations render neutrosophic sets unsuitable in specific circumstances.To enable the management of these sorts of issues,we combine the principle of multi-valued neutrosophic uncertain linguistic sets and complex fuzzy sets to develop the principle of multivalued complex neutrosophic uncertain linguistic sets.Multi-valued complex neutrosophic uncertain linguistic sets can contain grades of truth,abstinence,and falsity,and uncertain linguistic terms,which are expressed as complex numbers whose real and imaginary parts are limited to the unit interval.Some important Dombi laws are elaborated along with Bonferroni mean operators,which offer a flexible general structure with modifiable factors.Bonferroni means aggregation operators perform a significant role in conveying the magnitude level of options and characteristics.To determine relationships among any number of attributes,we develop multi-valued complex neutrosophic uncertain linguistic Dombi-normalized weighted Bonferroni mean operators and discuss their important properties with some special cases.By using these laws,we can deploy themulti-attribute decisionmaking(MADM)technique using the novel principle of multi-valued complex neutrosophic uncertain linguistic sets.To determine the power and flexibility of the elaborated approach,we resolve some numerical examples based on the proposed operator.Finally,the work is validated with the help of comparative analysis,a discussion of its advantages,and geometric expressions of the elaborated theories.

A Synthesis on Prelinguistic Research

The synthesis focuses on the research methods and the studies on children’s progress in their first language development from early after born to fully mastering of the basic linguistic rules. A comparison between the researches of Chinese’s and foreigners’ has also been made. Tremendous achievement has been done on the researches of early language development by both oversea and Chinese researches.

On Ancient Chinese Classical Linguistics

This paper explores some problems concerning ancient Chinese classical linguistics. It is maintained that there are both similarities and obvious differences between it and western philology. The development of ancient Chinese linguistics from the Pre-Qin Period to the Qing Dynasty can be divided into five stages: the embryonic stage, the stage for laying the foundation, the preparatory stage, the stage of growth, and the stage of overall revival and prosperity. The literature produced during this period can be grouped in six categories: gloss exegesis, orthographical form and meaning, phonological form and meaning, historical phonology, grammar on function words, and rhetoric. It is pointed out that, in researching the theoretical history of ancient Chinese linguistics, great importance should be attached to the consistency between history and theoretical logic, cultural background as reference, and textual research methodology.

Advice on IELTS Speaking Teaching Based on Applied Linguistics Theory

As more and more Chinese students are trying to study abroad, IELTS becomes one of the most important tests all around China. After years’development, IELTS speaking teaching still meets certain difficulties. This paper gives specific advice based on certain applied linguistics theory, i. e. Grammar-translation Method, Audiolingualism, and Natural Order Hypothesis, trying to provide enlightenment for future IELTS speaking teaching.

体验认知观下研究生科学研究能力及素养的培养——以语言学研究方法课程为例

本研究从体验认知教学理念出发,紧贴语言学研究实施步骤,充分发挥实践体验的能动作用,通过创新英语语言学研究方法课程模式,培养研究生从发现问题、设计研究、实践方法,到独立思考、解决问题并呈现研究结果的能力。实验教学在课程满意度、丰富度、科学性及课程思政等方面取得了理想效果。研究在探索培养英语专业研究生学术研究能力及素养的专业课程模式,创新外语人才培养理念,使学生具备科学、严谨、规范的研究意识和独立开展科学研究的能力方面进行了有益尝试。

基于多粒度犹豫模糊语言术语集的TOPSIS决策方法研究

为了解决在实际决策时,由于知识背景不同决策者采用不同粒度语言术语集来表达而导致决策结果不准确的问题,本文提出了一种基于多粒度犹豫模糊语言术语集的逼近理想解排序(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)决策方法。首先选用各术语集中的最大粒度作为标准粒度,通过转换算法将每个决策者的语言术语集转换到同一标准粒度下进行集结,得出相应的隶属度语言术语集;然后结合TOPSIS方法,计算每个备选方案与正、负理想点距离,以相对贴近度的大小排序实现最优方案的选择;最后,通过一个实例,验证该方法的可行性和优越性。本文所提方法可应用于最优方案的选择问题中,提升决策结果准确度。

基于FDHHFLTS-BN的海底管道泄漏失效风险定量分析

为预防海底油气管道泄漏失效事故,提出基于自由双层次犹豫模糊语言术语集(FDHHFLTS)和贝叶斯网络(BN)的FDHHFLTS-BN风险分析方法,用于分析海底油气管道泄漏失效事故概率及事故的关键风险因素。将故障树模型转换为BN结构,由专家根据FDHHFLTS评估基本事件发生可能性;采用最佳最差法(BWM)确定专家权重,结合相似性聚合方法(SAM)聚合专家意见;依据构建的BN模型,正向推理得到事故发生概率,反向推理得到后验概率,并进行敏感性分析。将该方法应用于实例分析,结果表明:分析段海底管道泄漏事故的概率值为P=6.20×10^(-3);焊缝施工缺陷、材料施工缺陷和渔具作用等为事故发生的关键因素;与传统方法对比分析结果证明,所提方法在确定海底管道风险方面具有一定的优势。

论历史语言学的由来及其发展线索

19世纪中期以来,西方语言学研究出现了三对重要概念:系统和历史、静态和动态、描写语法和历史语法。保罗(1880)阐述了历史语法原理。斯威特(1891)认为比较语法实际上是历史语法的一个分支。甲柏连孜(1891)将语言史研究分为外部(语言亲属关系证明)和内部(语言发展过程影响)两大部分;把方言研究称为历史语言学的微观工作,并预见了历史语言学向普通语言学的转变。梅耶(1918,1924)认为,历史语言学不但基于比较语言学,而且包括描写语言学,并与普通语言学、社会语言学息息相关。20世纪下半叶以来的历史语言学著作,都从比较语言学原则出发并通过吸收新的理论和方法,把传统历史语言学提升为当代历史语言学。

应用语言学Q方法研究述评:基于PRISMA系统性综述方法

近年来,混合研究方法逐渐受到应用语言学领域学者的关注。其中,Q方法作为一种探讨人类主体性的混合研究方法,融合了量化与质性方法的优势,从整体和个体两个层面出发,以客观手段考察主观本质,逐渐得到该领域专家的认可。然而,学者们对于Q方法的认识仍处于起步阶段,相关研究成果较少,国内实证研究尤其匮乏。因此,本研究采用系统性综述方法,通过对国内外相关重点文献数据库进行检索和筛选,从“理论视角”“研究主题”和“数据搜集与分析特征”3个方面评述Q方法研究现状。研究发现,只有少量Q方法研究注重与理论相结合,且仅有的这些研究多聚焦动机主题;研究主题涉及动机、情感、信念、课程评价等;数据搜集与分析呈现出从共时到历时、从组内向组间或组内组间相结合的发展趋势。最后,本文结合现有研究的不足,指出Q方法研究的未来发展方向,以期为未来研究提供新的思路。

卡西尔哲学“语言转向”的内在逻辑及其意义

“语言转向”是20世纪哲学发展的一个重要趋势,卡西尔则是德国哲学“语言转向”的一位先行者,上承赫尔德和洪堡,下启伽达默尔和哈贝马斯。相较于弗雷格、卡尔纳普等分析哲学家对语言的逻辑功能的强调,卡西尔认为,意义创造和交往功能更能体现语言的本质。对语言问题的研究贯穿了卡西尔的后半个学术生涯,但其何以会转向语言研究这一问题还有待澄清。卡西尔的“语言转向”是其基于一贯秉持的“先验方法”而在研究领域上的拓展,这是对康德哲学体系的一个补充,也是语言学与哲学研究相结合的一个典范,更是一种试图超越“分析”哲学与“欧陆”哲学分歧的努力。

Translation Compensation Methods under Skopostheorie:A Comparative Study on Four-character Chengyu Translation Compensation in Hong Lou Meng

This article attempts to apply skopos theory and make a comparative study of the translation compensation methods of two English versions of Hong Lou Meng in terms of four-character chengyu from the linguistic perspective.

Multi-attribute group decision-making method with linguistic q-rung orthopair fuzzy information based on bi-direction Choquet integral

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to develop the linguistic q-rung orthopair fuzzy set(LqROFS)information VIKOR method based on the bi-direction Choquet integral(BDCI),taking into account the correlation between information.The method can enrich the existing studies related to LqROFS information and better solve the problem of MAGDM problem.Design/methodology/approach-Since applying Choquet integral(CI)depict information interaction is a common operation in MAGDM.However,the traditional CI has some limitations.The unidirectional alignment may affect the MAGDM results.Therefore,a LqROFS-VIKOR method based on BDCI is proposed,where BDCI is used to aggregate the decision matrix.Furthermore,it is not reasonable to apply exact numbers to express the similarity between two qualitative data.Then a new method of defining similarity using linguistics is proposed.The similarity is used to calculate attribute weights.Findings-The validity and potential application of MAGMD method with linguistic q-rung orthopair fuzzy information based on BDCI are demonstrated in a numerical examples study.Originality/value-According to the study of available literature,the current research on LqROFS is incomplete.The existing studies of both similarity and aggregate operators have certain shortcomings.The definition of similarity proposed in this paper is more in line with reality.And compared with the existing methods,the BDCI-based aggregate operator can describe the interaction between information more reasonably.Based on this VIKOR method based on BDCI under the LqROFS environment can better select the alternative.

Characteristics of Contractual English and Its Translation Methods

With the occurrence of economic globalization,the translation of contractual English has played an increasingly important role in China economy.However,as a subject of business English,it is rare to find the research of contractual English,furthermore,the general translation theory including business English is not suited for contractual English translation.It will have both theoretical meanings and practical meanings to analysize contractual English translation.After simple contrast between business English and contractual English,from the characteristic of contractual English,the author discussed in detail about his understanding and research of the standards and mode of contractual English translation.The translation criteria:"faithfulness","exactness"and"customariness"are suggested.In the translation mode,the linguistic analysis is used to translate the contract,namely,vocabulary and syntax.The paper is completed on the basis of the author's knowledge on the linguistic theroy and understandings of contract and contractual English.

Fuzzy distances based FMAGDM compromise ratio method and application

An extended compromise ratio method（CRM） based on fuzzy distances is developed to solve fuzzy multi-attribute group decision making problems in which weights of attributes and ratings of alternatives on attributes are expressed with values of linguistic variables parameterized using triangular fuzzy numbers.A compromise solution is determined by introducing the ranking index based on the concept that the chosen alternative should be as close as possible to the positive ideal solution and as far away from the negative ideal solution as possible simultaneously.This proposed method is compared with other existing methods to show its feasibility and effectiveness and illustrated with an example of the military route selection problem as one of the possible applications.