Influence of Surface Types on the Seasonality and Inter-Model Spread of Arctic Amplification in CMIP6

A robust phenomenon termed the Arctic Amplification(AA)refers to the stronger warming taking place over the Arctic compared to the global mean.The AA can be confirmed through observations and reproduced in climate model simulations and shows significant seasonality and inter-model spread.This study focuses on the influence of surface type on the seasonality of AA and its inter-model spread by dividing the Arctic region into four surface types:ice-covered,ice-retreat,ice-free,and land.The magnitude and inter-model spread of Arctic surface warming are calculated from the difference between the abrupt-4×CO_(2)and pre-industrial experiments of 17 CMIP6 models.The change of effective thermal inertia(ETI)in response to the quadrupling of CO_(2) forcing is the leading mechanism for the seasonal energy transfer mechanism,which acts to store heat temporarily in summer and then release it in winter.The ETI change is strongest over the ice-retreat region,which is also responsible for the strongest AA among the four surface types.The lack of ETI change explains the nearly uniform warming pattern across seasons over the ice-free(ocean)region.Compared to other regions,the ice-covered region shows the maximum inter-model spread in JFM,resulting from a stronger inter-model spread in the oceanic heat storage term.However,the weaker upward surface turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes tend to suppress the inter-model spread.The relatively small inter-model spread during summer is caused by the cancellation of the inter-model spread in ice-albedo feedback with that in the oceanic heat storage term.

Modified upper abdominal cluster transplantation in patients with end-stage liver diseases associated with insulin dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective Modified upper abdominal cluster transplantation ( MCT) ,which was inspired by classical cluster transplant technique,has been proven more effective and feasible in the treatment of patients with end stage liver diseases associated with insulin - dependent

Phrase-Level Sentiment Polarity Classification Using Rule-Based Typed Dependencies and Additional Complex Phrases Consideration

The advent of Web 2.0 has led to an increase in user-generated content on the Web. This has provided an extensive collection of free-style texts with opinion expressions that could influence the decisions and actions of their readers. Providers of such content exert a certain level of influence on the receivers and this is evident from blog sites having effect on their readers＇ purchase decisions, political view points, financial planning, and others. By detecting the opinion expressed, we can identify the sentiments on the topics discussed and the influence exerted on the readers. In this paper, we introduce an automatic approach in deriving polarity pattern rules to detect sentiment polarity at the phrase level, and in addition consider the effects of the more complex relationships found between words in sentiment polarity classification. Recent sentiment analysis research has focused on the functional relations of words using typed dependency parsing, providing a refined analysis on the grammar and semantics of textual data. Heuristics are typically used to determine the typed dependency polarity patterns, which may not comprehensively identify all possible rules. We study the use of class sequential rules （CSRs） to automatically learn the typed dependency patterns, and benchmark the performance of CSR against a heuristic method. Preliminary results show CSR leads to further improvements in classification performance achieving over 80% F1 scores in the test eases. In addition, we observe more complex relationships between words that could influence phrase sentiment polarity, and further discuss on possible approaches to handle the effects of these complex relationships.

Dependent Type System with Subtyping (I)Type Level Transitivity Elimination

Dependent type systems are the basis of many proof development environments. In Aspinalland Compagnoni's paper, a system λP≤ is proposed as a subtyping extension of the first orderdependent type system λP (also called An). λP≤ has nice meta-theoretic properties includingsubject reduction and decidability. In this article, v,e give a reformulation of λP≤ t called λII≤.The advantages of λII< include: type level transitivity elimination property and pretypesbasedsubtyping system. These features considerably faCilitate the met-theoretical study and furtherextensions of this system.

MODELLING AND NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF A GAUGE PERIODIC TIME DEPENDENT GINZBURG-LANDAU MODEL FOR TYPE-Ⅱ SUPERCONDUCTORS

In this paper we seek the solutions of the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau model for type-Ⅱ superconductors such that the associated physical observables are spatially periodic with respect to some lattice whose basic lattice cell is not necessarily rectangular. After appropriately foring the gange, the model can be formulated as a system of nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations with quasi-periodic boundary conditions. We first give some results concerning the existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions and then we propose a semiimplicit finite element scheme solving the system of nonlinear partial dmerential equations and show the optimal error estimates both in the L2 and energy norm.We also report on some numerical results at the end of the paper.

An efficient hybrid computational technique for the time dependent Lane-Emden equation of arbitrary order

The study of dynamic behaviour of nonlinear models that arise in ocean engineering play a vital role in our daily life.There are many examples of ocean water waves which are nonlinear in nature.In shallow water,the linearization of the equations imposes severe conditions on wave amplitude than it does in deep water,and the strong nonlinear effects are observed.In this paper,q-homotopy analysis Laplace transform scheme is used to inspect time dependent nonlinear Lane-Emden type equation of arbitrary order.It offers the solution in a fast converging series.The uniqueness and convergence analysis of the considered model is presented.The given examples confirm the competency as well as accuracy of the presented scheme.The behavior of obtained solution for distinct orders of fractional derivative is dis-cussed through graphs.The auxiliary parameter¯h offers a suitable mode of handling the region of con-vergence.The outcomes reveal that the q-HATM is attractive,reliable,efficient and very effective.