[Objective] In order to make out differences between drug resistance spectrum types of different animal sources of Salmonella.[Methods] Selenite cystine broth,Salmonella-Shigella genus agar medium,CHROMagar Salmonella...[Objective] In order to make out differences between drug resistance spectrum types of different animal sources of Salmonella.[Methods] Selenite cystine broth,Salmonella-Shigella genus agar medium,CHROMagar Salmonella chromogenic culture,Reveal Salmonella detection kit and molecular biology methods were used for isolation and identification of Salmonella from different animal feces samples.Antibacterial antimicrobial susceptibility tests of 17 kinds of drugs such as enrofloxacin,apramycin and florfenicol were done on isolated strains with broth microdilution method,and test data was analysed with WHOnet 5.4 software.[Results] 699 feces samples from different animals were separated,and 53 strains of Salmonella were achieved with separation rate of 7.58%,among which those of yak,poultry,and pet sources were respectively 4.33%,9.06% and 8.37%.[Conclusions] Separation rates and drug resistance spectrum types of different animal origin Salmonella varied greatly,among which separation rates and drug resistance spectrum types of yak source Salmonella were the lowest,there was little difference between separation rates of poultry and dog source Salmonella,however there were large differences on drug resistance spectrum types.展开更多
The Rouse-Zimm model with slippage was improved and the basic parameters of modelwere modified to explain the rheological properties of star-type branched polymersolutions. The theoretical results show good agreement ...The Rouse-Zimm model with slippage was improved and the basic parameters of modelwere modified to explain the rheological properties of star-type branched polymersolutions. The theoretical results show good agreement with experimental data.展开更多
We theoretically investigate the emission spectrum for a Λ-type three-level atom trapped in the node of a standing wave. We show that the atomic center-of-mass motion not only directly affects the peak number, peak p...We theoretically investigate the emission spectrum for a Λ-type three-level atom trapped in the node of a standing wave. We show that the atomic center-of-mass motion not only directly affects the peak number, peak position, and peak height in the atomic emission spectrum, but also influences the effects of the cavity field and the atomic initial state on atomic emission spectrum.展开更多
目的探究胰岛素分泌曲线和血糖谱在2型糖尿病选择胰岛素促泌剂中的价值,为临床胰岛素促泌剂选择提供依据。方法本研究为随机对照试验,选取2015年12月至2020年12月东营市第二人民医院根据降糖治疗需要选用胰岛素促泌剂的2型糖尿病患者12...目的探究胰岛素分泌曲线和血糖谱在2型糖尿病选择胰岛素促泌剂中的价值,为临床胰岛素促泌剂选择提供依据。方法本研究为随机对照试验,选取2015年12月至2020年12月东营市第二人民医院根据降糖治疗需要选用胰岛素促泌剂的2型糖尿病患者120例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各60例。观察组男38例、女22例,年龄(58.27±6.34)岁,病程(3.62±1.28)年;对照组男33例、女27例,年龄(59.04±7.82)岁,病程(3.55±1.17)年。观察组进行馒头餐试验并依据胰岛素分泌曲线选择胰岛素促泌剂;对照组依据血糖谱选择胰岛素促泌剂,两组均治疗24周。对比两组患者血糖控制达标平均天数、血糖达标率、住院天数、低血糖发生率及治疗前后胰岛素β细胞功能[空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、C肽(CP)水平]、血糖[空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)]水平、不良反应发生情况。采用t检验、χ^(2)检验。结果观察组血糖控制达标平均天数、住院天数均短于对照组[(7.05±1.42)d比(8.39±1.86)d、(10.29±2.08)d比(11.35±2.17)d],血糖达标率高于对照组[86.67%(52/60)比71.67%(43/60)],差异均有统计学意义(t=4.436、2.732,χ^(2)=4.093;均P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组FINS、CP水平均高于对照组[(9.32±1.55)IU/L比(8.46±1.38)IU/L、(1.49±0.39)μg/L比(1.35±0.32)μg/L],HOMA-IR低于对照组[(1.92±0.43)比(2.37±0.84)],差异均有统计学意义(t=3.210、2.150、3.694,均P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组FPG、2 h PBG、HbA1c水平均低于对照组[(6.47±1.12)mmol/L比(7.35±0.94)mmol/L、(10.52±1.17)mmol/L比(11.83±1.59)mmol/L、(6.12±1.09)%比(6.79±1.35)%],差异均有统计学意义(t=4.662、5.140、2.991,均P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为15.00%(9/60),与对照组[18.33%(11/60)]比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.240,P=0.624)。结论与血糖谱相比,经胰岛素分泌曲线选择胰岛素促泌剂具有较好的促胰岛素分泌效果和降糖效果,有利于缩短血糖控制达标时间和住院时间,提高血糖达标率。展开更多
With the most advanced Synchronous Radiation Photoelectron Spectrum(SRPS),the emission mechanism of M-type cathodes has been investigated from the perspective of chemical state.Based on the experimental results of SRP...With the most advanced Synchronous Radiation Photoelectron Spectrum(SRPS),the emission mechanism of M-type cathodes has been investigated from the perspective of chemical state.Based on the experimental results of SRPS analysis,a new model of the electron emission mechanism for M-type cathode is discussed.The main topics in this paper include the research status of electron emission mechanism of M-type cathodes;the advantages of SRPS technology;the distribution of oxygen chemical state on the cathode surface and the evolvement of oxygen chemical state during activation process;the relation between barium chemical state and osmium(Os)-coating;surplus barium and its formula;the characteristics of Os,and other noble metal coatings;the relation between film characteristics and emission performance of cathodes,the inhibition effects to the emission for Platinum(Pt)-coated cathode,etc.At the end of this paper,electron emission mechanism of M-type cathode is summarized and foreseen.展开更多
A theoretical model is developed for calculating the eigenmodes of the multi-gap resonant cavity. The structure of concern is a kind of ladder-type circuit, offering the advantages of easy fabrication, high characteri...A theoretical model is developed for calculating the eigenmodes of the multi-gap resonant cavity. The structure of concern is a kind of ladder-type circuit, offering the advantages of easy fabrication, high characteristic impedance(R/Q),and thermal capacity in the millimeter wave to THz regime. The eigenfunction expansion method is used to establish the field expressions for the gaps and the coupling region. Then, the match conditions at the interface are employed, which leads to a group of complicate boundary equations in the form of an infinite series. To facilitate the mathematical treatments and perform a highly efficient calculation, these boundary equations are transformed into the algebraic forms through the matrix representations. Finally, the concise dispersion equation is obtained. The roots of the dispersion equation include both the axial modes in the gaps, which include the fundamental and the high-order modes, and the cavity modes in the coupling region. Extensive numerical results are presented and the behaviors of the multi-gap resonant cavity are examined.展开更多
In displacement-based seismic design, inelastic displacement ratio spectra (IDRS) are particularly useful for estimating the maximum lateral inelastic displacement demand of a nonlinear SDOF system from the maximum el...In displacement-based seismic design, inelastic displacement ratio spectra (IDRS) are particularly useful for estimating the maximum lateral inelastic displacement demand of a nonlinear SDOF system from the maximum elastic displacement demand of its counterpart linear elastic SDOF system. In this study, the characteristics of IDRS for near-fault pulse-type ground motions are investigated based on a great number of earthquake ground motions. The in? uence of site conditions, ratio of peak ground velocity (PGV) to peak ground acceleration (PGA), the PGV, and the maximum incremental velocity (MIV) on IDRS are also evaluated. The results indicate that the effect of near-fault ground motions on IDRS are signifi cant only at periods between 0.2 s - 1.5 s, where the amplifi cation can approach 20%. The PGV/PGA ratio has the most signifi cant in? uence on IDRS among the parameters considered. It is also found that site conditions only slightly affect the IDRS.展开更多
AIM: To investigate executive function in Japanese adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders(ASD) compared to Japanese controls.METHODS: Thirty-three individuals with ASD and 33 controls participated. The ...AIM: To investigate executive function in Japanese adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders(ASD) compared to Japanese controls.METHODS: Thirty-three individuals with ASD and 33 controls participated. The ASD and control groups' demographic variables were matched for gender(male/female: 20/13 vs 20/13), age(26.1 ± 11.5 vs 26.8 ± 9.6), years of education(13.2 ± 2.9 vs 14.2 ± 1.9), full-scale intelligence quotient(IQ)(103.0 ± 16.7 vs 103.7 ± 14.7), performance IQ(96.2 ± 16.1 vs 97.8 ± 15.0), and verbal IQ(107.9 ± 16.3 vs 107.7 ± 14.4). Participants performed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST), which assesses the executive processes involved in problem solving and cognitive flexibility, and the Continuous Performance Test(CPT), which assesses attention and impulsivity. Symptoms were assessed by the Autism-Spectrum Quotient Japanese version(AQ-J). First, we compared the scores of the WCST between the groups using a Mann-Whitney U-test and conducted an analysis of covariance for the variables with the scores of category archives and CPT scores as covariates. Second, we analyzed the correlation between the scores of the WCST and the AQ-J in the ASD group using Pearson's r.RESULTS: The total errors(TE) and the percentages of perseverative errors of the Milner type(%PEM) and Nelson type(%PEN) among the TE in the ASD group were significantly worse compared with the control group(ASD vs Control, respectively: TE: 16.0 ± 6.2 vs 12.6 ± 3.5, P = 0.012; %PEM: 11.7 ± 10.7 vs 6.6 ± 8.9, P = 0.037; %PEN: 20.1 ± 14.5 vs 8.7 ± 10.4, P = 0.0011). In contrast, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in the scores of categories achieved on the WCST or the CPT. An analysis of covariance revealed significant differences between the groups in the %PEN scores(P = 0.0062) but not in the TE or the %PEM scores. These results suggest that Japanese adolescents and adults with ASD have cognitive inflexibility. Furthermore, our results suggest that Japanese adolescents and adults with ASD may have difficulties using negative feedback because perseverative errors of the Nelson type indicate persistence in choosing the incorrect reaction. By contrast, there was no significant correlation between the WCST and AQ-J scores.CONCLUSION: We confirmed the presence of cognitive inflexibility in Japanese adolescents and adults with ASD. Our results also indicated that subjects with ASD may not use negative feedback effectively.展开更多
基金funded by 12th Five-Year Technology Support Program-key pastoral areas production of ecological life protection technology integration and demonstration topics-comprehensive prevention and control technology integration,innovation and application of cattle and sheep key epidemic disease(2012BAD13B06)Veterinary Medicine Discipline Program of Southwest University for Nationalities(2011XWD-S0906)
文摘[Objective] In order to make out differences between drug resistance spectrum types of different animal sources of Salmonella.[Methods] Selenite cystine broth,Salmonella-Shigella genus agar medium,CHROMagar Salmonella chromogenic culture,Reveal Salmonella detection kit and molecular biology methods were used for isolation and identification of Salmonella from different animal feces samples.Antibacterial antimicrobial susceptibility tests of 17 kinds of drugs such as enrofloxacin,apramycin and florfenicol were done on isolated strains with broth microdilution method,and test data was analysed with WHOnet 5.4 software.[Results] 699 feces samples from different animals were separated,and 53 strains of Salmonella were achieved with separation rate of 7.58%,among which those of yak,poultry,and pet sources were respectively 4.33%,9.06% and 8.37%.[Conclusions] Separation rates and drug resistance spectrum types of different animal origin Salmonella varied greatly,among which separation rates and drug resistance spectrum types of yak source Salmonella were the lowest,there was little difference between separation rates of poultry and dog source Salmonella,however there were large differences on drug resistance spectrum types.
文摘The Rouse-Zimm model with slippage was improved and the basic parameters of modelwere modified to explain the rheological properties of star-type branched polymersolutions. The theoretical results show good agreement with experimental data.
文摘We theoretically investigate the emission spectrum for a Λ-type three-level atom trapped in the node of a standing wave. We show that the atomic center-of-mass motion not only directly affects the peak number, peak position, and peak height in the atomic emission spectrum, but also influences the effects of the cavity field and the atomic initial state on atomic emission spectrum.
文摘目的探究胰岛素分泌曲线和血糖谱在2型糖尿病选择胰岛素促泌剂中的价值,为临床胰岛素促泌剂选择提供依据。方法本研究为随机对照试验,选取2015年12月至2020年12月东营市第二人民医院根据降糖治疗需要选用胰岛素促泌剂的2型糖尿病患者120例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各60例。观察组男38例、女22例,年龄(58.27±6.34)岁,病程(3.62±1.28)年;对照组男33例、女27例,年龄(59.04±7.82)岁,病程(3.55±1.17)年。观察组进行馒头餐试验并依据胰岛素分泌曲线选择胰岛素促泌剂;对照组依据血糖谱选择胰岛素促泌剂,两组均治疗24周。对比两组患者血糖控制达标平均天数、血糖达标率、住院天数、低血糖发生率及治疗前后胰岛素β细胞功能[空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、C肽(CP)水平]、血糖[空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)]水平、不良反应发生情况。采用t检验、χ^(2)检验。结果观察组血糖控制达标平均天数、住院天数均短于对照组[(7.05±1.42)d比(8.39±1.86)d、(10.29±2.08)d比(11.35±2.17)d],血糖达标率高于对照组[86.67%(52/60)比71.67%(43/60)],差异均有统计学意义(t=4.436、2.732,χ^(2)=4.093;均P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组FINS、CP水平均高于对照组[(9.32±1.55)IU/L比(8.46±1.38)IU/L、(1.49±0.39)μg/L比(1.35±0.32)μg/L],HOMA-IR低于对照组[(1.92±0.43)比(2.37±0.84)],差异均有统计学意义(t=3.210、2.150、3.694,均P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组FPG、2 h PBG、HbA1c水平均低于对照组[(6.47±1.12)mmol/L比(7.35±0.94)mmol/L、(10.52±1.17)mmol/L比(11.83±1.59)mmol/L、(6.12±1.09)%比(6.79±1.35)%],差异均有统计学意义(t=4.662、5.140、2.991,均P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为15.00%(9/60),与对照组[18.33%(11/60)]比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.240,P=0.624)。结论与血糖谱相比,经胰岛素分泌曲线选择胰岛素促泌剂具有较好的促胰岛素分泌效果和降糖效果,有利于缩短血糖控制达标时间和住院时间,提高血糖达标率。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60871053)
文摘With the most advanced Synchronous Radiation Photoelectron Spectrum(SRPS),the emission mechanism of M-type cathodes has been investigated from the perspective of chemical state.Based on the experimental results of SRPS analysis,a new model of the electron emission mechanism for M-type cathode is discussed.The main topics in this paper include the research status of electron emission mechanism of M-type cathodes;the advantages of SRPS technology;the distribution of oxygen chemical state on the cathode surface and the evolvement of oxygen chemical state during activation process;the relation between barium chemical state and osmium(Os)-coating;surplus barium and its formula;the characteristics of Os,and other noble metal coatings;the relation between film characteristics and emission performance of cathodes,the inhibition effects to the emission for Platinum(Pt)-coated cathode,etc.At the end of this paper,electron emission mechanism of M-type cathode is summarized and foreseen.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61222110 and 60971073)
文摘A theoretical model is developed for calculating the eigenmodes of the multi-gap resonant cavity. The structure of concern is a kind of ladder-type circuit, offering the advantages of easy fabrication, high characteristic impedance(R/Q),and thermal capacity in the millimeter wave to THz regime. The eigenfunction expansion method is used to establish the field expressions for the gaps and the coupling region. Then, the match conditions at the interface are employed, which leads to a group of complicate boundary equations in the form of an infinite series. To facilitate the mathematical treatments and perform a highly efficient calculation, these boundary equations are transformed into the algebraic forms through the matrix representations. Finally, the concise dispersion equation is obtained. The roots of the dispersion equation include both the axial modes in the gaps, which include the fundamental and the high-order modes, and the cavity modes in the coupling region. Extensive numerical results are presented and the behaviors of the multi-gap resonant cavity are examined.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grants No. 50608024 andNo.50538050Opening Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Foundation Under Grant No.2007001
文摘In displacement-based seismic design, inelastic displacement ratio spectra (IDRS) are particularly useful for estimating the maximum lateral inelastic displacement demand of a nonlinear SDOF system from the maximum elastic displacement demand of its counterpart linear elastic SDOF system. In this study, the characteristics of IDRS for near-fault pulse-type ground motions are investigated based on a great number of earthquake ground motions. The in? uence of site conditions, ratio of peak ground velocity (PGV) to peak ground acceleration (PGA), the PGV, and the maximum incremental velocity (MIV) on IDRS are also evaluated. The results indicate that the effect of near-fault ground motions on IDRS are signifi cant only at periods between 0.2 s - 1.5 s, where the amplifi cation can approach 20%. The PGV/PGA ratio has the most signifi cant in? uence on IDRS among the parameters considered. It is also found that site conditions only slightly affect the IDRS.
基金Supported by Research grants from the Japanese Ministry of Health,Labor and Welfare,No.H22-seishin-ippan-001the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS) through a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research,No.22390225,No.25293250 and No.24591680+3 种基金Challenging Exploratory Research,No.23659565the Japanese Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology(MEXT) through a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas(Comprehensive Brain Science Network),No.25129704Priority Areas-Research on the Pathomechanisms of Brain Disorders,No.18023045the Japan Foundation for Neuroscience and Mental Health
文摘AIM: To investigate executive function in Japanese adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders(ASD) compared to Japanese controls.METHODS: Thirty-three individuals with ASD and 33 controls participated. The ASD and control groups' demographic variables were matched for gender(male/female: 20/13 vs 20/13), age(26.1 ± 11.5 vs 26.8 ± 9.6), years of education(13.2 ± 2.9 vs 14.2 ± 1.9), full-scale intelligence quotient(IQ)(103.0 ± 16.7 vs 103.7 ± 14.7), performance IQ(96.2 ± 16.1 vs 97.8 ± 15.0), and verbal IQ(107.9 ± 16.3 vs 107.7 ± 14.4). Participants performed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST), which assesses the executive processes involved in problem solving and cognitive flexibility, and the Continuous Performance Test(CPT), which assesses attention and impulsivity. Symptoms were assessed by the Autism-Spectrum Quotient Japanese version(AQ-J). First, we compared the scores of the WCST between the groups using a Mann-Whitney U-test and conducted an analysis of covariance for the variables with the scores of category archives and CPT scores as covariates. Second, we analyzed the correlation between the scores of the WCST and the AQ-J in the ASD group using Pearson's r.RESULTS: The total errors(TE) and the percentages of perseverative errors of the Milner type(%PEM) and Nelson type(%PEN) among the TE in the ASD group were significantly worse compared with the control group(ASD vs Control, respectively: TE: 16.0 ± 6.2 vs 12.6 ± 3.5, P = 0.012; %PEM: 11.7 ± 10.7 vs 6.6 ± 8.9, P = 0.037; %PEN: 20.1 ± 14.5 vs 8.7 ± 10.4, P = 0.0011). In contrast, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in the scores of categories achieved on the WCST or the CPT. An analysis of covariance revealed significant differences between the groups in the %PEN scores(P = 0.0062) but not in the TE or the %PEM scores. These results suggest that Japanese adolescents and adults with ASD have cognitive inflexibility. Furthermore, our results suggest that Japanese adolescents and adults with ASD may have difficulties using negative feedback because perseverative errors of the Nelson type indicate persistence in choosing the incorrect reaction. By contrast, there was no significant correlation between the WCST and AQ-J scores.CONCLUSION: We confirmed the presence of cognitive inflexibility in Japanese adolescents and adults with ASD. Our results also indicated that subjects with ASD may not use negative feedback effectively.
