Objective Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous and opportunistic pathogen that uses the type Ⅲ secretion system （TTSS） to inject effector proteins directly into the cytosol of target cells to subvert the host cel...Objective Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous and opportunistic pathogen that uses the type Ⅲ secretion system （TTSS） to inject effector proteins directly into the cytosol of target cells to subvert the host cell＇s functions. Specialized bacterial chaperones are required for effective secretion of some effectors. To identify the chaperone of ExoS, the representative effector secreted by the TTSS of P aeruginosa, we analyzed the role of a postulated chaperone termed Orfl. Methods By allelic exchange, we constructed the mutant with the deletion of gene Orfl. Analysis of secreted and cell-associated fractions was performed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Using strain expressing in trans Orfl, tagged by V5 polypeptide and histidine, protein-protein interaction was determined by affinity resin pull-down assay in combination with MALDI-TOF The role of Orfl in the expression of exoS was evaluated by gene reporter analysis. Results Pull-down assay showed that Orfl binds to ExoS and ExoT. Secretion profile analysis showed that Orfl was necessary for the optimal secretion of ExoS and ExoT. However, Orfl had no effect on the expression of exoS. Conclusion Orfl is important for the secretion of ExoS probably by maintaining ExoS in a secretion-competent conformation. We propose to name Orfl as SpcS for ＂specific Pseudomonas chaperone for ExoS＂.展开更多
An ideal type-Ⅲnodal point is generated by crossing a completely flat band and a dispersive band along a certain momentum direction.To date,the type-Ⅲnodal points found in two-dimensional(2D)materials have been most...An ideal type-Ⅲnodal point is generated by crossing a completely flat band and a dispersive band along a certain momentum direction.To date,the type-Ⅲnodal points found in two-dimensional(2D)materials have been mostly accidental and random rather than ideal cases,and no one mentions what kind of lattice can produce ideal nodal points.Here,we propose that ideal type-Ⅲnodal points can be obtained in a diamond-like lattice.The flat bands in the lattice originate from destructive interference of wavefunctions,and thus are intrinsic and robust.Moreover,the specific lattice can be realized in some 2D carbon networks,such as T-graphene and its derivatives.All the carbon structures possess type-ⅢDirac points.In two of the structures,consisting of triangular carbon rings,the type-ⅢDirac points are located just on the Fermi level and the Fermi surface is very clean.Our research not only opens a door to finding the ideal type-ⅢDirac points,but also provides 2D materials for exploring their physical properties experimentally.展开更多
杀香鱼假单胞菌是大黄鱼内脏白点病的致病菌,感染该菌常会导致养殖大黄鱼很高的死亡率和严重的经济损失。病原株NB2011编码典型的Ⅲ型分泌系统,可能是该菌重要的毒力因子,ExsA是控制此分泌系统表达的重要调控蛋白。为确认ExsA在NB2011...杀香鱼假单胞菌是大黄鱼内脏白点病的致病菌,感染该菌常会导致养殖大黄鱼很高的死亡率和严重的经济损失。病原株NB2011编码典型的Ⅲ型分泌系统,可能是该菌重要的毒力因子,ExsA是控制此分泌系统表达的重要调控蛋白。为确认ExsA在NB2011致病过程中的作用,开发有效疫苗,实验采用双交换同源重组法构建了ExsA内部序列被卡那霉素基因替换的突变株,检测突变株与野生株对鼠巨噬细胞J774的黏附、内化和胞内增殖特性,并比较对大黄鱼的毒力变化,同时,通过透射电子显微镜观察人工感染后大黄鱼内脏组织的病理变化。研究表明,巨噬细胞对突变株的内化率降低,内化的细菌在12 h内被清除,野生株在内化后虽然一段时间内数量稍有下降,12~24 h期间数量急剧上升;突变株对大黄鱼的96 h LD_(50)为2.59×10~7/mL,比野生株高数百倍;电镜切片中未观察到组织内有菌体的存在,表明突变株的毒力明显减弱,可以作为弱毒疫苗的开发对象。展开更多
目的对病原菌Ⅲ型分泌系统(TTSS)效应蛋白在非致病菌中进行直系同源基因预测,以获得病原菌Ⅲ型分泌系统特有效应蛋白,并进一步对特有效应蛋白模体构成进行分析,旨在更深入地认识TTSS效应蛋白,为理论研究和生物学实验提供参考。方法利用...目的对病原菌Ⅲ型分泌系统(TTSS)效应蛋白在非致病菌中进行直系同源基因预测,以获得病原菌Ⅲ型分泌系统特有效应蛋白,并进一步对特有效应蛋白模体构成进行分析,旨在更深入地认识TTSS效应蛋白,为理论研究和生物学实验提供参考。方法利用彼此最佳blast方法对效应蛋白在构建的非致病性细菌蛋白质数据库中进行直系同源基因预测,并利用Inter Pro Scan对预测获得的特有效应蛋白序列进行模体搜索分析。结果在49个收集整理的致病菌Ⅲ型分泌系统效应蛋白序列中,有18个效应蛋白在非致病菌中存在直系同源基因,31个效应蛋白(即TTSS特有效应蛋白)在非致病菌中没有直系同源基因;对31个Ⅲ型分泌系统特有效应蛋白序列进行模体分析,获得了12个效应蛋白特有模体。结论 31个致病菌Ⅲ型分泌系统特有效应蛋白序列的获得,为更精确地在致病性细菌基因组内预测获得新的效应蛋白序列奠定了基础;12个效应蛋白特有模体的获得及其基因本体注释分析进一步理解了效应蛋白的作用机制。展开更多
基金This research was supported by the association "Vaincre la Mucoviscidose" of France
文摘Objective Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous and opportunistic pathogen that uses the type Ⅲ secretion system （TTSS） to inject effector proteins directly into the cytosol of target cells to subvert the host cell＇s functions. Specialized bacterial chaperones are required for effective secretion of some effectors. To identify the chaperone of ExoS, the representative effector secreted by the TTSS of P aeruginosa, we analyzed the role of a postulated chaperone termed Orfl. Methods By allelic exchange, we constructed the mutant with the deletion of gene Orfl. Analysis of secreted and cell-associated fractions was performed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Using strain expressing in trans Orfl, tagged by V5 polypeptide and histidine, protein-protein interaction was determined by affinity resin pull-down assay in combination with MALDI-TOF The role of Orfl in the expression of exoS was evaluated by gene reporter analysis. Results Pull-down assay showed that Orfl binds to ExoS and ExoT. Secretion profile analysis showed that Orfl was necessary for the optimal secretion of ExoS and ExoT. However, Orfl had no effect on the expression of exoS. Conclusion Orfl is important for the secretion of ExoS probably by maintaining ExoS in a secretion-competent conformation. We propose to name Orfl as SpcS for ＂specific Pseudomonas chaperone for ExoS＂.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12174157,12074150,and 11874314)。
文摘An ideal type-Ⅲnodal point is generated by crossing a completely flat band and a dispersive band along a certain momentum direction.To date,the type-Ⅲnodal points found in two-dimensional(2D)materials have been mostly accidental and random rather than ideal cases,and no one mentions what kind of lattice can produce ideal nodal points.Here,we propose that ideal type-Ⅲnodal points can be obtained in a diamond-like lattice.The flat bands in the lattice originate from destructive interference of wavefunctions,and thus are intrinsic and robust.Moreover,the specific lattice can be realized in some 2D carbon networks,such as T-graphene and its derivatives.All the carbon structures possess type-ⅢDirac points.In two of the structures,consisting of triangular carbon rings,the type-ⅢDirac points are located just on the Fermi level and the Fermi surface is very clean.Our research not only opens a door to finding the ideal type-ⅢDirac points,but also provides 2D materials for exploring their physical properties experimentally.
文摘杀香鱼假单胞菌是大黄鱼内脏白点病的致病菌,感染该菌常会导致养殖大黄鱼很高的死亡率和严重的经济损失。病原株NB2011编码典型的Ⅲ型分泌系统,可能是该菌重要的毒力因子,ExsA是控制此分泌系统表达的重要调控蛋白。为确认ExsA在NB2011致病过程中的作用,开发有效疫苗,实验采用双交换同源重组法构建了ExsA内部序列被卡那霉素基因替换的突变株,检测突变株与野生株对鼠巨噬细胞J774的黏附、内化和胞内增殖特性,并比较对大黄鱼的毒力变化,同时,通过透射电子显微镜观察人工感染后大黄鱼内脏组织的病理变化。研究表明,巨噬细胞对突变株的内化率降低,内化的细菌在12 h内被清除,野生株在内化后虽然一段时间内数量稍有下降,12~24 h期间数量急剧上升;突变株对大黄鱼的96 h LD_(50)为2.59×10~7/mL,比野生株高数百倍;电镜切片中未观察到组织内有菌体的存在,表明突变株的毒力明显减弱,可以作为弱毒疫苗的开发对象。
文摘目的对病原菌Ⅲ型分泌系统(TTSS)效应蛋白在非致病菌中进行直系同源基因预测,以获得病原菌Ⅲ型分泌系统特有效应蛋白,并进一步对特有效应蛋白模体构成进行分析,旨在更深入地认识TTSS效应蛋白,为理论研究和生物学实验提供参考。方法利用彼此最佳blast方法对效应蛋白在构建的非致病性细菌蛋白质数据库中进行直系同源基因预测,并利用Inter Pro Scan对预测获得的特有效应蛋白序列进行模体搜索分析。结果在49个收集整理的致病菌Ⅲ型分泌系统效应蛋白序列中,有18个效应蛋白在非致病菌中存在直系同源基因,31个效应蛋白(即TTSS特有效应蛋白)在非致病菌中没有直系同源基因;对31个Ⅲ型分泌系统特有效应蛋白序列进行模体分析,获得了12个效应蛋白特有模体。结论 31个致病菌Ⅲ型分泌系统特有效应蛋白序列的获得,为更精确地在致病性细菌基因组内预测获得新的效应蛋白序列奠定了基础;12个效应蛋白特有模体的获得及其基因本体注释分析进一步理解了效应蛋白的作用机制。
