Anchoring mechanical characteristics of Ductile-Expansion bolt

The application of ductile rock bolts has been a crucial method for solving the problems of large deformations,energy absorption and stability control issues in deep rock masses.To study the anchoring mechanism of the key expansive structure,this paper proposes a novel type of bolt—the Ductile-Expansion bolt,and conducts research on anchoring mechanics,energy absorption characteristics,and failure modes of the bolt.In addition,this paper defines the concept of load-volume ratio of metal rock bolts and proves the Ductile-Expansion bolt is capable of better improving the unit volume bearing capacity of the bolt material.Furthermore,laboratory and field tests verify the Ductile-Expansion bolt had better anchoring effect than the traditional rebar bolt,with the expansion structure favorably enhancing the ductility and energy absorption performance of the bolt.Finally,this paper microscopically analyzes the crack propagation and distribution morphology of the bolts by establishing a 3D coupled numerical model based on FDM-DEM.Numerical results illustrate the interface at the variable diameter of the Ductile-Expansion bolt serves as the transition zone between high and low stress levels.The expansion structure can impose radial compression on the medium around the bolt,which can improve the bolt anchorage performance.

Research of transient rotor dynamic characteristic of magnetic liquid double suspension bearing in double collision state

During the operation of magnetic liquid double suspension bearing(MLDSB),due to rotor resonance,assembly error and other factor,the vibration amplitude of the rotor in resonance state exceeds the original design clearance,resulting in the collision damage between the rotor and the stator,the rotor and the casing.This paper presents a method to simulate the influence of different factors on the dynamic characteristics of 5 degrees of freedom(DOF)rotor based on the dynamic model of MLDSB.Firstly,according to the second Lagrange equation,the dynamic equation of 5 DOF rotor is derived,and the mathematical model is established.Then,based on 5 DOF rotor dynamic equation,the rotor transient dynamic equation under collision state is obtained,and the rotor transient collision dynamic simulation model is established.Finally,the key influencing factors of rotor dynamic characteristics are extracted,and the influence mapping relationship of rotor displacement,axis locus and stress distribution under different factors is simulated by using ANSYS Workbench software.The experimental results show that this method can effectively reflect the influence of various factors on the dynamic characteristics of the rotor.This method can provide theoretical reference for the design and control of MLDSB.

The effects of rainfall regimes and rainfall characteristics on peak discharge in a small debris flow-prone catchment

Peak discharge plays an important role in triggering channelized debris flows.The rainfall regimes and rainfall characteristics have been demonstrated to have important influences on peak discharge.In order to explore the relationship between rainfall regimes and peak discharge,a measuring system was placed at the outlet of a small,debris flow-prone catchment.The facility consisted of an approximately rectangular stilling basin,ending with a sharp-crested weir.Six runoff events were recorded which provided a unique opportunity for characterizing the hydrological response of the debris flow-prone catchment.Then,a rainfall–runoff model was tested against the flow discharge measurements to have a deep understanding of hydrological response.Based on the calibrated rainfall-runoff model,twelve different artificially set rainfall patterns were regarded as the input parameters to investigate the effect of rainfall regimes on peak discharge.The results show that the rainfall patterns have a significant effect on peak discharge.The rainfall regimes which have higher peak rainfall intensity and peak rainfall point occur at the later part of rainfall process are easy to generate larger peak discharge in the condition of the same cumulative rainfall and duration.Then,in order to explore the relationship between rainfall characteristics and peak discharge under different cumulative precipitation and different duration,167 measured rainfall events were also collected.On the basis of rainfall depth,rainfall duration,and maximum hourly intensity,all the rainfall events were classified into four categories by using K-mean clustering.Rainfall regime 1 was composed of rainfall events with a moderate mean P(precipitation),a moderate D(duration),and a moderate I60(maximum hourly intensity).Rainfall regime 2 was the group of rainfall events with a high mean P,long D.Rainfall regime 3,however,had a low P and a long D.The characteristic of Rainfall regime 4 was high I60 and short duration with large P.The results show that the rainfall regime 2 and 4 are easier to generate peak discharge as the rainfall intensity plays an important role in generating peak discharge.The results in this study have implications for improving peak discharge prediction accuracy in debris flow gully.

Near ground wind characteristics during typhoon Meari:Turbulence intensities, gust factors, and peak factors

Wind data were collected during the 2011 typhoon Meari at heights of 10, 20, 30, and 40 m above the ground using a 40 m high anemometer tower in the coastal area near Shanghai Pudong International Airport. Wind speeds and directions, turbulence intensities, gust factors, and peaks were analyzed using the time records of wind speed. The results show that turbulence intensity components in longitudinal, lateral, and vertical directions decrease with mean wind speed, regardless of elevations, and the turbulence intensities are in a linear relationship with mean wind speeds. The ratios of three turbulence intensity components(i.e. Iu, Iv, Iw) at heights of 10, 20 and 40 m were calculated and equal to be 1:0.88:0.50, 1:0.84:0.57, and 1:0.9:0.49, respectively. In addition, the gust factors in three directions exhibit a reduction with increasing mean wind speed. The peak factors at different heights show a similar trend and slightly decrease with mean wind speed; average peak factors for all 10-min data from Typhoon Meari are 2.43, 2.48, and 2.47, respectively.

Characteristic-knowledge-aided spectral detection of high frequency first-order sea echo

To detect high frequency （HF） first-order sea echo spectra contaminated with ships, ionosphere interference, and other, a new characteristic-knowledge-aided detection method is proposed. With 2-D image features in range-Doppler spectrum, the trend of first-order sea echoes is extracted as indicative information by a multi-scale filter. Detection rules for both single and splitting first-order sea echoes are given based on the characteristic knowledge combining the indicative information with the global characteristics such as amplitude, symmetry, continuity, etc. Compared with the classical algorithms, the proposed method can detect and locate the first-order sea echo in the HF band more accurately especially in the environment with targets/clutters smearing. Experiments with real data verify the validity of the algorithm.

Time-Series Characteristics of Wind Power and Its Impact on Jilin Power Grid

With the rapid development of wind power, the large-scale wind power integration brings a new range of issues in dispatching operation. In order to gain a better grasp of the influence caused by wind power combined to the grid, the paper first establishes the impact characteristic indexes, and then analyzes the regularity of wind power time series in different spatial and temporal scales. At last, according to the analysis results, this paper assesses the impact of time-series characteristics of wind power on power grid, such as the frequency regulation, peak load regulation, which can provide the reference for wind power optimal dispatching of Jilin Power Grid.

Mechanical properties and failure characteristics of fractured sandstone with grouting and anchorage

Based on uniaxial compression experimental results on fractured sandstone with grouting and anchorage, we studied the strength and deformation properties, the failure model, crack formation and evolution laws of fractured sandstone under different conditions of anchorage. The experimental results show that the strength and elastic modulus of fractured sandstone with different fracture angles are significantly lower than those of intact sandstone. Compared with the fractured samples without anchorage,the peak strength, residual strength, peak and ultimate axial strain of fractured sandstone under different anchorage increase by 64.5–320.0%, 62.8–493.0%, and 31.6–181.4%, respectively. The number of bolts and degree of pre-stress has certain effects on the peak strength and failure model of fractured sandstone. The peak strength of fractured sandstone under different anchorage increases to some extent, and the failure model of fractured sandstone also transforms from tensile failure to tensile–shear mixed failure with the number of bolts. The pre-stress can restrain the formation and evolution process of tensile cracks, delay the failure process of fractured sandstone under anchorage and impel the transformation of failure model from brittle failure to plastic failure.

Attenuation Characteristics of Earthquake Ground Motion for Large Volume Airgun

In order to further deepen the understanding of seismic wave propagation characteristics induced by the large volume airgun source,experimental data from multiple fixed excitation points in Fujian Province were used to obtain the equivalent single excitation high signal-to-noise ratio velocity and displacement records through linear stacking and simulation techniques.Then the peak displacements of different epicentral distances were used to calculate the equivalent magnitude of the airgun source excitation at different fixed excitation points so as to establish the attenuation relationship between equivalent magnitude,epicenter distance and velocity peak.Our results show that:①Within 270 km of epicentral distance,for the large-volume airgun’s single shot,the peak velocity range is about 700-4 nm/s,and the peak displacement range is about 200.0-0.2 nm;②The equivalent magnitude of the P-wave from the airgun source with a total capacity of 8,000 in 3 is 0.181-0.760,and the equivalent magnitude of the S-wave is 0.294-0.832.By contrast,the equivalent magnitude of the P-wave from the airgun source with a total capacity of 12,000 in 3 is 0.533-0.896,and the equivalent magnitude of the S-wave is 0.611-0.946.The S-wave energy is greater than the P-wave energy,and the excitation efficiency varies greatly with different excitation environment;③The peak velocity increases with the equivalent magnitude,and decreases with the epicentral distance.The vertical component of the P-wave peak velocity is the largest among those three components,while the S-wave has the smallest vertical component and similar horizontal components.Hence,our research can provide an important basis for the quantitative judgment of the seismic wave propagation distance using the airgun and the design of the observation system in deep exploration or monitoring with airgun.

有界流场中潜艇水压场特性的预报方法和重要特征

潜艇水压场特性是信息化海战场的重要信息源。基于势流理论研究潜艇水压场特性的工程简化预报方法,构建基于兰金体线型的解析模型和基于回转体线型的数值模型,预估多种线型的潜艇水压场特性,并在验证性研究基础上,揭示潜艇线型、潜深等因素对潜艇水压场负压峰值、负压持续时间等重要特征的影响规律。研究结果表明:随着潜深增大,潜艇水压场负压区形状由单峰值的V形逐渐变为U形,甚至双峰值的W形,线型、潜深等因素对重要特征的影响逐渐增强;同一潜深下,随着航速增大,负压持续时间均呈现先突增、后缓降规律,且无论艇体胖瘦,其水压场重要特征在1倍艇长的横距外均已衰减,即该横距外水雷已难以捕捉其目标特性。

富水软弱围岩劈裂型注浆加固体力学性能与破坏模式

富水软弱围岩劈裂型注浆加固体的力学性能与破坏模式对注浆整体效果具有显著影响。基于室内注浆模拟试验、劈裂型注浆加固体三轴压缩试验和相应的离散元数值模拟,研究劈裂浆脉形态与空间分布特征及注浆加固规律,分析浆脉粗糙度、厚度、数量和倾角对注浆加固体力学性能与破坏模式的影响,阐明三轴加载条件下加固体内部孔隙率和微裂纹演化规律。研究结果表明:劈裂浆脉空间分布模式主要包括半贯通型、交叉型和贯通型,注浆影响区域可分为加固区、过渡区和未扰动区;浆脉存在有效提升了加固体的整体刚度和承载力,加固体峰值偏应力与浆脉粗糙度、厚度、数量呈正相关关系,而浆脉倾角增大会导致整体强度降低;加固体破坏模式主要有局部膨胀型和剪切滑移型,受浆脉形态特征影响,二者对整体变形破坏的贡献程度不同;在加载过程中,浆-土界面处首先萌生微裂纹,进而浆脉两侧软弱介质被压缩挤密后出现大量微裂纹,裂纹数量持续增多直至试样破坏;加固体孔隙率与微裂纹萌生数量变化规律均呈现明显的阶段性特征,且受浆脉形态特征影响显著。

森林结构差异对大兴安岭森林小流域径流情势和退水特征的影响

径流情势和流域退水是反映水文过程至关重要的指标,除气候因素外,主要受到下垫面和流域水文地质特征的影响。利用准配对流域法,对比大兴安岭地区森林结构不同的2个小流域(老爷岭流域、圣诞村流域),排除气候和地形地貌的干扰,探究森林结构变化对流域径流情势及退水过程的影响。结果表明:老爷岭流域的全年洪峰历时比圣诞村流域延长5 h、平均洪峰滞时推迟2 h,洪峰径流量、变异系数均无显著差异。随着森林平均蓄积量、树种组成、郁闭度等森林结构指标的提高,老爷岭流域(森林结构综合指数较高)较圣诞村流域(森林结构综合指数低)的枯水径流时间低4 h,平均枯水径流深提高0.65 mm(是圣诞村流域3倍),平均枯水径流变异系数低33%,且流域间差异均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01)。通过退水分析,结果表明:老爷岭流域和圣诞村流域退水系数(k)的均值分别为16.9、8.5 d,退水常数(α)均值分别为0.909 4、0.862 6,老爷岭流域的平均退水时间比圣诞村流域延缓了8.4 d。该地区流域水文特征受森林植被变化的影响明显,森林结构复杂、森林质量高的老爷岭流域枯水径流量高并且稳定,退水过程更慢,水源涵养功能更好。

三轴加载条件下含水率对煤体力学特性影响的试验研究

含水率对煤体力学特性具有重要影响,为深入探讨三轴加载条件下含水率在煤体力学中的作用机制,选择平顶山矿区代表性煤样并设置不同含水率水平的试验组,开展了不同含水煤样的单轴压缩试验和不同围压条件下的含水煤样三轴压缩试验,并对不同含水煤样进行应力-应变关系、抗压强度等方面的综合性能测试。结果表明:不同围压条件下,含水煤体的应力-应变曲线呈现相同趋势。三轴加载条件下,含水煤体轴向方向的应力-应变曲线与单轴加载时的煤体轴向方向的应力-应变曲线形式相同。相同含水率条件下,不同围压的试验煤样出现应力峰值时的轴向应变略有不同,整体呈现围压越大,其出现应力峰值对应的轴向应变越小。整个加载过程中,试验煤样轴向应变始终为正值,即煤体轴向方向发生轴向压缩变形,与此同时,试验煤样径向产生膨胀变形。单轴/三轴加载条件下,随着含水率增加,峰值强度整体呈降低,含水率与峰值强度呈一元二次函数关系。随着围压增加,峰值强度整体呈下降趋势。随着含水率增加,岩石软化系数整体呈现降低趋势。含水率与软化系数呈一元二次函数关系。研究结果为平顶山矿区煤炭资源的合理开发和利用提供了科学依据。

调水调沙期黄河下游河道洪峰增值预测方法研究

准确预测黄河调水调沙期出现的洪峰增值现象,不仅是水库工程调度和下游防洪工程防护的迫切需要,同时也是水力学及河流动力学学科研究面临的新课题。以增值比例为因变量,以小浪底沙峰、含沙量涨峰期平均涨率、含沙量起涨前基流、悬沙粒径等小浪底出库水沙特征参数为自变量,基于相关性分析筛选出沙峰、含沙量涨峰期平均涨率作为洪峰增值的预判参数。研究发现,当小浪底含沙量涨峰期平均涨率超过22.9 kg/(m^(3)·h)时,小浪底至花园口河段可能发生洪峰增值现象,并可基于小浪底沙峰与增值比例之间的相关关系预测增值区间;对2023年调水调沙期小浪底水文站实时水情、沙情进行跟踪,在小浪底水文站第一个沙峰出现后,对小浪底至花园口河段洪峰增值进行了预测预报,预测结果与实测结果基本一致。

水热法合成超细斜发沸石试验研究

斜发沸石具有较强的吸附和离子交换能力,在重金属和油污废水去除、制糖、造纸净化、抗菌抗癌药物助剂制备、石油化工催化裂化、国防以及CO_(2)脱除等领域应用广泛。为了获得纯度较高的斜发沸石,以NaOH、KOH、Al(OH)_(3)、Na_(2)O·nSiO_(2)、H_(2)O为原料,采用水热法制备了斜发沸石,并通过XRD和晶面分析,研究了斜发沸石的合成条件,结果表明:合成斜发沸石的最佳条件为n(SiO_(2))/n(Al_(2)O_(3))=11、n(OH-)/n(SiO_(2))=0.55、n(H_(2)O)/n(SiO_(2))=25~55、温度150℃、时间6 d,合成的斜发沸石呈片状结构,特征峰完整,纯度较高,其晶胞组成为Na_(0.36)K_(6.58)[(AlO_(2))6(SiO_(2))_(25.26)]·6.71H_(2)O,n(SiO_(2))/n(Al_(2)O_(3))约为8.5,属中硅铝比沸石。SEM分析结果显示,其粒径在1.3μm以下,表明粒度非常细;其静态水吸附量为34.3%,达到了HG/T 2690-2012《13X分子筛》中的一等品指标要求。研究成果可为高纯度细粒斜发沸石的精准合成提供借鉴。

星载GNSS-R检测太湖水华可行性分析

星载全球导航卫星系统反射信号(GNSS-R)属于被动遥感技术,具有数据重访周期高、全天时、全天候、信号源丰富等优势。基于此,研究星载GNSS-R检测太湖水华的可行性。星载GNSS-R可以有效检测反射面的粗糙程度,通过使用相干反射表征反射面的粗糙度,研究不同风速区间内相干反射与蓝藻水华的关系。利用2020年4—8月美国气旋全球导航卫星系统(CYGNSS)数据,计算CYGNSS镜面反射点的时延多普勒图(DDM)功率比。以“哨兵-3”卫星水色遥感仪器(OLCI)影像最大特征峰高度(MPH)算法反演出的太湖叶绿素浓度作为参照,与欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)的风速产品进行时空间线性匹配,分析发现,在1~2.5 m/s风速区间内,叶绿素浓度达到0.1 mg/L以上时,极易引起镜面反射点发生相干反射,且功率比与叶绿素浓度的相关系数为0.84,具有良好的相关性。实验结果证明了利用星载GNSS-R的功率比及相关特性实现太湖水华检测的可行性。

峰前峰后循环加卸载对砂岩动力特性的影响

为深入分析砂岩峰前和峰后不同阶段的动力特性规律,开展单轴分级循环加卸载试验,综合分析下限应力对砂岩峰前峰后不同加卸载阶段的表观弹性模量、滞回圈面积、阻尼比、阻尼系数及动弹性模量等相关动力参数的影响。研究结果表明:①岩样在峰后因内部损伤加深和累积,相同下限应力下滞回曲线位于峰前右侧,且应变量增幅和最大应变增幅均随下限应力的增加而逐渐减小,说明峰后岩样虽然强度已达到极限状态,但只要岩石未完全破坏失稳,其致密性仍可以在高应力条件下的循环加卸载中得到增强。②砂岩在峰前峰后循环加卸载下的变化过程,可以通过表观弹性模量曲线斜率a值的变化得以体现,低下限应力循环加卸载试验中,致密性增强系数a_(1)>致密性劣化系数a_(2),斜率a均为正值,轴向应力对岩石整体的压密作用明显强于劣化损伤作用;随着下限应力升高,a_(2)的降低速率高于a_(1)的升高速率,a值逐渐减小甚至变为负值,说明轴向应力对岩石整体的压密作用逐渐弱于劣化损伤作用。③4组不同下限应力条件下,岩样峰后的滞回圈面积、阻尼比、阻尼系数均高于峰前状态,而动弹性模量低于峰前状态,说明岩样在峰后循环加卸载过程中内部劣化损伤程度高于峰前。

硅藻土沥青混凝土流变性和红外光谱

这是一篇陶瓷及复合材料领域的论文。为了研究硅藻土掺量对沥青混合料的物理性质、流变性能以及路用性能的影响,开展了不同硅藻土掺量作用下的沥青混合料基本物理实验、流变实验、高温稳定性和低温抗裂性能实验。结果表明:在硅藻土掺量为30%时,沥青混合料的软化点、锥入度和延度达到极大值,以及在硅藻土掺量为40%时,沥青混合料的针入度达到极大值,而延度的变化规律却呈现出不断增大的趋势。而温度为170℃作为沥青混合料的制备温度以及选取硅藻土掺量为30%作为沥青混合料低温抗裂性能较优值。同时,掺加硅藻土可以有效地提升沥青混合料的高温性能,但过量掺入硅藻土会弱化其高温性能。随着硅藻土掺量不断增大,沥青混凝土红外光谱中部分特征峰峰值的变化规律呈现出不断减小的趋势,且在沥青混凝土老化过程中,其内部的轻质组分受到高温的影响,发生了挥发现象,但是随着硅藻土掺量的不断增大,沥青混凝土老化后的轻质组分对应的特征峰峰值变化幅度却不大。

基于多策略混合改进MVO算法的光伏多峰MPPT研究

光伏阵列的电功率输出在局部遮荫工况下具有多峰特性,且随外界环境的变化而变化.为实现高效电能输出,利用多元宇宙优化(MVO)算法在解决低维度、小规模优化问题中的突出优势进行最大功率点跟踪(MPPT),并融合多种策略对其存在的缺陷进行改进.采用拉丁超立方抽样策略初始化宇宙种群,并对按照轮盘赌策略随机交换的宇宙实施柯西变异,提高宇宙种群的多样性.同时引入莱维飞行式量子粒子群优化(QPSO)算法,且对虫洞存在概率及旅行距离率进行自适应调整,以增强算法的全局勘探及局部开发能力.Matlab仿真结果表明,相比其他算法,采用该算法的MPPT时间减少了45%以上,精度亦有所提高,从而具有更优的MPPT性能,可有效提高光伏发电效率.

考虑省份特征变量的火电行业碳达峰预测模型

不同省份碳排放量存在的差异会对碳达峰预测模型的预测精准度产生一定影响。结合Kaya恒等式的内涵并进行扩展,分解出影响火电行业碳排放特征变量并进行相关性分析;同时,考虑到省份差异,利用独热编码,将省份这一非数值型特征变量转化为数值型特征变量加入到模型中。与未考虑省份特征变量的原模型进行对比,结果显示,考虑省份特征变量的火电行业碳排放KRR(Kernel ridge regression)预测模型的均方根误差明显降低,决定系数明显提高。这说明模型的精准度有所提高,且泛化能力更强。用所提模型对2023—2045年火电行业碳排放进行多情景预测,数据结果显示,低碳发展情景下于2030年可以实现碳达峰目标,且峰值最低。

建立一种适合本实验室快速检测产KPC酶肺炎克雷伯菌的方法

目的运用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱技术(MALDI-TOF MS)检测产肺炎克雷伯菌碳青霉烯酶(KPC)耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌(CRKP),筛选并验证其特征峰,建立一种适用于本实验室快速检测产KPC酶型CRKP的方法。方法收集临床耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌39株,运用PCR方法检测出其中23株产KPC酶,再采用MALDI-TOF MS技术检测KPC酶阳性CRKP菌株,得到质谱图后用Flex Analyst软件分析筛选出其中特征峰,并进行重复性实验和临床验证评估。结果综合筛选出产KPC酶CRKP最佳特征峰为m/z 6432,特征峰验证实验和重复性实验的特异性和敏感性分别为96.67%和100%。临床验证评估特异性和敏感性分别为92.31%和100%。结论利用MALDI-TOF MS技术可检出产KPC酶CRKP的最佳特征峰为m/z 6432,经实验证实该特征峰特异性和敏感性高,可为临床快速诊断和治疗产KPC酶CRKP提供理论基础。