The polyurethane/polyacrylonitrile (PU/PAN) and polyurethane/cellulose acetate (PU/CA) blend ultra filtration membranes were prepared based on Loeb-Sourirajan phase transition method. The change of the structures and ...The polyurethane/polyacrylonitrile (PU/PAN) and polyurethane/cellulose acetate (PU/CA) blend ultra filtration membranes were prepared based on Loeb-Sourirajan phase transition method. The change of the structures and properties of the PU/PAN and PU/CA membranes with the heat treatment process was studied. The results showed: the water flux decreased and retention increased with the increase of heat treatment temperature of PU/PAN blend membrane, but the water flux of PU/CA blend membrane got the maximum with heat treatment temperature of 60℃ and decreased rapidly with the heat treatment temperature of 100 ℃. The interfacial microvoid structure and its influence on the properties of PU/PAN and PU/CA blend membranes were studied.展开更多
The permeation flux or the resistance in the ultrafiltration process is mainly limited by osmotic pressure, and it may originate from various kinds of polymer interactions. However, the real origin of permeation resis...The permeation flux or the resistance in the ultrafiltration process is mainly limited by osmotic pressure, and it may originate from various kinds of polymer interactions. However, the real origin of permeation resistance hasn＇t been clarified yet in the light of polymer solution nature. The removal of nitrate contamination by polyelectrolytes was carried out with stirred batch ultrafiltration. The polyelectrolyte concentrations both in permeate and retentate were analyzed with total organic carbon analyzer and permeate mass was acquired by electronic balance connected with computer. The total resistance was calculated and interpreted based on the osmotic pressures in three concentration regimes. In the dilute region, the resistance was proportional to polymer concentration; in the semidilute region, the resistance depended on polymer concentration in the parabolic relationship; in the highly concentrated solution regime, the osmotic pressure factor （OPF） would dominate the total resistance; and the deviation from OPF control could come from the electrostatic repulsion between the tightly compacted and charged polyelectrolyte particles at extremely concentrated solution regime. It was first found that dilute and semidilute concentration regions can be easily detected by plotting the leg-log curves of the polymer concentration versus the ratio of the total resistance to polymer concentration. The new concept OPF was defined and did work well at highly concentrated regime.展开更多
The desire for practical utilization of rechargeable lithium batteries with high energy density has motivated attempts to develop new electrode materials and battery systems. Here, without additional binders we presen...The desire for practical utilization of rechargeable lithium batteries with high energy density has motivated attempts to develop new electrode materials and battery systems. Here, without additional binders we present a simple vacuum filtration method to synthesize nitrogen and sulfur codoped graphene(N,S-G) blocking layer, which is ultra-lightweight, conductive, and free standing. When the N,S-G membrane was inserted between the catholyte and separator, the lithium–selenium(Li–Se)batteries exhibited a high reversible discharge capacity of 330.7 mAh g^(-1) at 1 C(1 C = 675 mA g^(-1)) after 500 cycles and high rate performance(over 310 mAh g^(-1) at 4 C) even at an active material loading as high as ～5 mg cm^(-2). This excellent performance can be ascribed to homogenous dispersion of the liquid active material in the electrode, good Li^+-ion conductivity, fast electronic transport in the conductive graphene framework, andstrong chemical confinement of polyselenides by nitrogen and sulfur atoms. More importantly, it is a promising strategy for enhancing the energy density of Li–Se batteries by using the catholyte with a lightweight heteroatom doping carbon matrix.展开更多
文摘The polyurethane/polyacrylonitrile (PU/PAN) and polyurethane/cellulose acetate (PU/CA) blend ultra filtration membranes were prepared based on Loeb-Sourirajan phase transition method. The change of the structures and properties of the PU/PAN and PU/CA membranes with the heat treatment process was studied. The results showed: the water flux decreased and retention increased with the increase of heat treatment temperature of PU/PAN blend membrane, but the water flux of PU/CA blend membrane got the maximum with heat treatment temperature of 60℃ and decreased rapidly with the heat treatment temperature of 100 ℃. The interfacial microvoid structure and its influence on the properties of PU/PAN and PU/CA blend membranes were studied.
文摘The permeation flux or the resistance in the ultrafiltration process is mainly limited by osmotic pressure, and it may originate from various kinds of polymer interactions. However, the real origin of permeation resistance hasn＇t been clarified yet in the light of polymer solution nature. The removal of nitrate contamination by polyelectrolytes was carried out with stirred batch ultrafiltration. The polyelectrolyte concentrations both in permeate and retentate were analyzed with total organic carbon analyzer and permeate mass was acquired by electronic balance connected with computer. The total resistance was calculated and interpreted based on the osmotic pressures in three concentration regimes. In the dilute region, the resistance was proportional to polymer concentration; in the semidilute region, the resistance depended on polymer concentration in the parabolic relationship; in the highly concentrated solution regime, the osmotic pressure factor （OPF） would dominate the total resistance; and the deviation from OPF control could come from the electrostatic repulsion between the tightly compacted and charged polyelectrolyte particles at extremely concentrated solution regime. It was first found that dilute and semidilute concentration regions can be easily detected by plotting the leg-log curves of the polymer concentration versus the ratio of the total resistance to polymer concentration. The new concept OPF was defined and did work well at highly concentrated regime.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51125001,51172005)the NSFCRGC Joint Research Scheme (51361165201)the Start-up Foundation of High-level Talents in Chongqing Technology and Business University (1856008)
文摘The desire for practical utilization of rechargeable lithium batteries with high energy density has motivated attempts to develop new electrode materials and battery systems. Here, without additional binders we present a simple vacuum filtration method to synthesize nitrogen and sulfur codoped graphene(N,S-G) blocking layer, which is ultra-lightweight, conductive, and free standing. When the N,S-G membrane was inserted between the catholyte and separator, the lithium–selenium(Li–Se)batteries exhibited a high reversible discharge capacity of 330.7 mAh g^(-1) at 1 C(1 C = 675 mA g^(-1)) after 500 cycles and high rate performance(over 310 mAh g^(-1) at 4 C) even at an active material loading as high as ～5 mg cm^(-2). This excellent performance can be ascribed to homogenous dispersion of the liquid active material in the electrode, good Li^+-ion conductivity, fast electronic transport in the conductive graphene framework, andstrong chemical confinement of polyselenides by nitrogen and sulfur atoms. More importantly, it is a promising strategy for enhancing the energy density of Li–Se batteries by using the catholyte with a lightweight heteroatom doping carbon matrix.
