基于MVO-SVR的室内指纹定位算法

针对室内定位过程中由非视距和环境干扰导致的定位精度不高的问题,提出一种基于多元宇宙优化支持向量回归的室内指纹定位算法。首先通过基于超宽带通信技术的双边双向测距算法计算得到测距信息;然后利用测距值作为指纹特征并建立指纹库,使用SVR算法构建定位坐标和测距值之间的映射关系;最后使用MVO优化算法寻优SVR算法的cost和γ参数,以提升定位精度。实验显示,选择径向基函数作为SVR模型的核函数能够有效提高定位精度,并将MVO-SVR的结果与三边定位、随机森林算法、极致梯度提升算法、SVR的结果进行对比和分析,X方向平均绝对误差分别降低了20.12%、54.43%、60.66%和16.21%,Y方向平均绝对误差分别降低了79.57%、54.18%、59.29%和38.17%,平均定位误差Ep分别降低了60.73%、54.38%、60.01%和22.84%,且MVO-SVR算法在X和Y方向平均绝对误差均达到了厘米级。结果证明:基于MVO-SVR的室内指纹定位算法明显提升了定位精度,在复杂室内环境中具有良好的应用前景。

Ultra-wideband bilateral tapered slot-line antenna fed by coplanar waveguide

In order to broaden the bandwidth of a tapered slot- line antenna （TSA）, a bilateral tapered slot-line antenna （BTSA） with a new feeding structure of coplanar waveguide （CPW） is developed. Based on the fact that the bandwidth limitation of TSA mainly depends on its feeding structure, an improved CPW-based feed structure etched on the backboard of the BTSA is adopted to perform traveling-wave transition. Both the simulation results and measurement data verify that the proposed feeding structure results in ＂high-pass＂ frequency response for antenna impedance matching. The voltage standing wave ratio （VSWR） is less than 2：1 when the frequency is higher than 3 GHz. The antenna gain exceeds 7 dBi with good radiation patterns when the bandwidth is from 4 to 16 GHz. This ultra wideband （UWB） antenna with a compact size is specially available for the electronic systems of counter-measure and microwave imaging.

一种L-Ku波段的超宽带端射天线设计与研究

本文设计了一种可工作在L-Ku波段的超宽带端射天线。该天线由辐射缝隙印制板、反射腔体、腔体支撑材料等组成。通过在天线的辐射印制板下方增加腔体和负载匹配方法可抑制后向辐射;增加槽间的缝隙单元可调节相邻天线单元的幅度和相位匹配从而提升端射性能;在天线顶端采用共面波导转换同轴连接器的方式可实现阻抗匹配馈电。对所提出的超宽带端射天线进行了辐射性能的仿真分析,其结果表明,该天线可实现18倍频程带宽,并具有性能优良的端口匹配和端射特性,S11小于-10 dB,E面最大辐射方向与水平面夹角小于30°。测试结果表明,其与仿真数据有较好的一致性。

基于全质心WLS-HDS-TWR算法的无人驾驶农业机械协同定位算法研究

针对室内全球导航卫星系统(Global navigation satellite system,GNSS)信号受遮挡时,农用车辆协同定位精度低、稳定性差、信号丢包等问题,本文开展面向超宽带(Ultra-wideband,UWB)调频技术的室内外农用车辆协同定位算法研究。首先,搭建三基站多边测距定位模型,实现主基站绝对位置标定以及辅助基站绝对位置坐标的变换求解;其次,提出全质心加权最小二乘的高速双边双向(Weighted least squares high double sided two-way ranging,WLS-HDS-TWR)农机协同定位算法,基于泰勒级数展开的WLS估计算法,求解主车位置。同时,提出面向室内环境的多状态基站组合的UWB定位模块布设模式,并验证其可行性;通过飞行时间法(Time of flight,TOF)获取主从车距离信息,融合GNSS标定位置信息、主车坐标信息以及测距信息,实现主从车协同定位。最后,基于Prescan/Simulink搭建联合仿真平台,验证提出算法的可靠性;通过农用履带车辆开展室内及室外协同定位实车试验,试验结果表明:全质心WLS-HDS-TWR协同定位算法可有效解决室内GNSS信号缺失问题,室内环境下,定位精度较HDS-TWR及全质心LS-HDS-TWR算法分别提高26.98%和22.03%,满足智能农机协同定位作业需求。

Progress in ultra-wideband planar antennas

This paper introduces the advances of ultra-wideband （UWB） and super-wideband （SWB） planar antennas based on the printed monopole, microstrip slot and other planar antenna designs in the last decade. A brief history of the ultrawideband antennas is first provided. Several types of planar antennas for UWB systems with band-notched designs are reviewed. Special SWB planar antenna designs with the bandwidth ratio greater than 10：1 including metal-plate and printed monopole antennas and tapered slot antennas are presented and compared.

基于模糊解库-中国余数定理的雷达信号载频估计

雷达侦察接收机需要超宽带接收能力以获取高截获概率。受硬件限制,当前基于采样定理的常规接收结构难以进行瞬时超宽带接收。基于中国余数定理的欠采样理论为超宽带侦收提供了一种可行思路,但传统余数定理估计算法要求模值之间互素,信号采样点数也需为模值的最大公约数。为突破上述约束,构造模糊解库并利用余数与频率的一一映射关系,提出基于模糊解库-中国余数定理的雷达信号精确载频估计算法。所提算法不需要同余方程组求解,放宽了对采样频率和采样点数的要求。通过仿真实验,验证算法的有效性。研究结果表明,较传统余数定理算法,所提算法在估计不同雷达信号载频时,无需修改模值,有利于工程应用,同时具有较好的估计精度和抗噪性能。

Ultra-wideband reflective polarization converter based on anisotropic metasurface

In this paper, we propose an ultra-wideband reflective linear cross-polarization converter based on anisotropic metasurface. Its unit cell is composed of a square-shaped resonator with intersectant diagonal and metallic ground sheet separated by dielectric substrate. Simulated results show that the converter can generate resonances at four frequencies under normal incident electromagnetic（EM） wave, leading to the bandwidth expansion of cross-polarization reflection. For verification,the designed polarization converter is fabricated and measured. The measured and simulated results agree well with each other, showing that the fabricated converter can convert x- or y-polarized incident wave into its cross polarized wave in a frequency range from 7.57 GHz to 20.46 GHz with a relative bandwidth of 91.2%, and the polarization conversion efficiency is greater than 90%. The proposed polarization converter has a simple geometry but an ultra wideband compared with the published designs, and hence possesses potential applications in novel polarization-control devices.

Compact ultra-wideband monopole antenna with dual-band notched function

A kind of compact ultra wideband （UWB） monopole antenna with dual-band notched function is presented.The proposed antenna,using ＂C＂ and ＂L＂ apertures embedded in the annular ring patch and ground patch,gets two bandnotched characteristics in WiMAX3.5 GHz and WLAN 5.5 GHz.The size of antenna is 24 mm × 36 mm × 1.6 mm.The simulation results show that waveband range of the antenna is 2.7-10.6 GHz for S11 ＜-10 dB and the band-notched wavebands are 3.2-3.8 GHz and 5.1-6 GHz.So it has miniaturization,ultra-band and band-notched characteristics.Meanwhile,the radition pattern,directivety and gain are perfect,which meets the practical need.

Ultra-wideband printed antennas for communication applications

A new type of ultra-wideband （UWB） printed monopole antennas is presented, which is composed of a circular or armular patch and a trapeziform ground plane with a tapered CPW feeder in the middle. Both simulated and experimental results are presented, showing good agreement and therefore verifying validity of the design. The proposed antenna with a circular monopole patch achieves an 11.6： 1 measured ratio bandwidth of VSWR ≤2 （ from 0,79 GHz to 9.16 GHz）, while that with an annular patch obtains a measured ratio impedance bandwidth of 10.6：1 （from 0.87 GHz to 9.47 GHz）. In addition, these designs exhibit nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns with simple compact structures, which axe attractive in communications and others UWB applications.

Human Respiration Rate Estimation Using Ultra-wideband Distributed Cognitive Radar System

It has been shown that remote monitoring of pulmonary activity can be achieved using ultra-wideband (UWB) systems, which shows promise in home healthcare,rescue,and security applications.In this paper,we first present a multi-ray propagation model for UWB signal,which is traveling through the human thorax and is reflected on the air/dry-skin/fat/muscle interfaces,A geometry-based statistical channel model is then developed for simulating the reception of UWB signals in the indoor propagation environment.This model enables replication of time-varying multipath profiles due to the displacement of a human chest.Subsequently, a UWB distributed cognitive radar system (UWB-DCRS) is developed for the robust detection of chest cavity motion and the accurate estimation of respiration rate.The analytical framework can serve as a basis in the planning and evaluation of future rheasurement programs.We also provide a case study on how the antenna beamwidth affects the estimation of respiration rate based on the proposed propagation models and system architecture.

Anti-interference ultra-wideband system based on spreading and interleaving

To suppress the interference in the ultra-wideband （AI-UWB） system is a challenging problem. An anti-interference multiband orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing ultra-wideband （AI-UWB） system, based on spreading and interleaving is addressed. It will exploit the frequency diversity across the subcarriers and provide the robustness to narrow-band interference, by spreading the coded bit streams within each sub-band and interleaving across all sub-bands. Simulating results show that the spreading and interleaving provide about 5 dB to 10 dB advantages over the conventional multiband orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing ultra-wideband system in signal-to-interference ratio. Spreading and interleaving is an effective cure for enhancing the robustness to narrowband interference.

基于SR-EKF的UWB/IMU组合室内定位系统

UWB定位技术定位精度高、系统结构搭建简单,但在遮挡物影响下性能降低.IMU计算目标位置不受周围环境干扰,长时间工作会存在误差累积.本文提出一种基于平方根扩展卡尔曼滤波法(Square Root-Extended Kalman Filter,SR-EKF)的惯性测量单元(Inertial Measurement Unit,IMU)/超宽带(Ultra-Wideband,UWB)组合室内定位技术.平方根扩展卡尔曼滤波融合IMU/UWB测量数据,通过提高描述状态量的协方差矩阵精确度,进而对状态量校正.同时能够补偿IMU误差累积,降低加速度计和陀螺仪零偏,克服复杂环境下未知影响,提高定位精度.实验结果显示,定位算法能够有效反馈IMU进行误差补偿,并缩小算法估计位置与真实位置之间的误差值,实现高精度目标定位.

Ultra-wideband circular-polarization converter with micro-split Jerusalem-cross metasurfaces

An ultrathin micro-split Jerusalem-cross metasurface is proposed in this paper, which can efficiently convert the linear polarization of electromagnetic （EM） wave into the circular polarization in ultra-wideband. By symmetrically employing two micro-splits on the horizontal arm （in the x direction） of the Jerusalem-cross structure, the bandwidth of the proposed device is significantly extended. Both simulated and experimental results show that the proposed metasurface is able to convert linearly polarized waves into circularly polarized waves in a frequency range from 12.4 GHz to 21 GHz, with an axis ratio better than 1 dB. The simulated results also show that such a broadband and high-performance are maintained over a wide range of incident angle. The presented polarization converter can be used in a number of areas, such as spectroscopy and wireless communications.

Photonic generation of power-efficient FCC-compliant ultra-wideband waveforms using semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA):theoretical analysis and experiment verification

We theoretically design a power-efficient ultra-wideband pulse generator by combining three monocycle pulses with different weights. We also experimentally demonstrate a feasible scheme to generate such power-efficient ultra-wideband waveforms using cross-phase modulation in a single semiconductor optical amplifier. The designed ultra-wideband pulse fully satisfies the requirements for the spectral mask specified by the Federal Communications Commission with high power efficiency. In the experiment, a power-efficient ultra-wideband waveform with a pulse duration of 310 ps is achieved, and the power efficiency is greatly improved compared with that of a single nlonocycle pulse or a mixture of two monoeycles.

Study on the Generation of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) High Power Microwave

The experimental study of ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, its generation and on-line measurement are presented. An experimental repetitive UWB system is designed, manufactured, and tested. High-pressure spark gap switch and its components, as well as oil spark gap switch are studied experimentally on the system. Experimental results indicate that the system operates at a 200 pps repetitive rate with a stable performance. 100 MW peak power UWB pulses are obtained on the system. Fast-time response capacitive divider is designed and fabricated, allowing for an accurate measurement of the high power UWB signal. The main issues related to the design of the switch and the UWB signal online measurement are discussed.

Mathematical Formulations of Signal Propagation in Ultra-Wideband Transceiver Systems under a UWB Channel Environment with an Extension of Frequency Offset Correction

This paper analyzes mathematically the crucial aspects of signal processing in a Multi-Band (MB) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based system considering Ultra-Wideband (UWB) channel environment. In the process of analysis, it emphasizes the significant features of UWB receiver design in comparison with ‘conventional’ narrow-band system. The analysis shows that the high dispersive nature of a frequency selective UWB channel effects the design of different signal processing blocks like pre-select filter, low noise amplifier (LNA) and analog-to-digital (A/D) converter in the receiver front end. The characteristic functions of each of these stages are now dominated by the channel characteristics and it needs to be modified accordingly. This analysis is extended further with the study of frequency offset error and its correction. The unbiased Cramer Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) of estimation error is calculated and supported by computer simulation. The performance of an MB-OFDM system with frequency offset correction in terms of Bit-Error-Rate (BER) is also reported.

A Novel Ultra-Wideband Monopole Antenna with Band-Stop Characteristic

In this letter, a simple monopole antenna with variable band-notched characteristic for ultra wide band (UWB) function is proposed. Two L-shaped quarter-waveguide resonators coupled to the ground plane with two shorting tracks at the sides of the antenna are used to generate stop-band performance around 5.5 GHz (WLAN). The proposed antenna is fabricated on the substrate FR4 (relative permittivity of 4.7) and has a compact size of 16 × 28.5 × 1.6 mm. The designed antenna has a good impedance matching in 3.1 - 11.4 GHz frequency range with VSWR < 2, except the band 5 - 5.85 GHz.

3 - 10 GHz Ultra-Wideband Low-Noise Amplifier Using Inductive-Series Peaking Technique with Cascode Common-Source Circuit

The objective of this paper is to investigate a ultra-wideband (UWB) low noise amplifier (LNA) by utilizing a two-stage cascade circuit schematic associated with inductive-series peaking technique, which can improve the bandwidth in the 3-10 GHz microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC). The proposed UWB LNA amplifier was implemented with both co-planer waveguide (CPW) layout and 0.15-μm GaAs D-mode pHEMT technology. Based on those technologies, this proposed UWB LNA with a chip size of 1.5 mm x 1.4 mm, obtained a flatness gain 3-dB bandwidth of 4 - 8 GHz, the constant gain of 4 dB, noise figure lower than 5 dB, and the return loss better than –8.5 dB. Based on our experimental results, the low noise amplifier using the inductive-series peaking technique can obtain a wider bandwidth, low power consumption and high flatness of gain in the 3 - 10 GHz. Finally, the overall LNA characterization exhibits ultra-wide bandwidth and low noise characterization, which illustrates that the proposed UWB LNA has a compact size and favorable RF characteristics. This UWB LNA circuit demonstrated the high RF characterization and could provide for the low noise micro-wave circuit applications.

敲除CISH敲入并IL-15显著增强NK细胞抗肿瘤活性的研究

背景白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-15是调节自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell,NK细胞)功能的关键细胞因子,而CISH可负向调控IL-15信号通路,从而影响NK细胞功能。靶向CISH基因和IL-15基因对NK细胞进行基因编辑,可增强NK细胞抗肿瘤活性。目的探讨CISH基因、IL-15基因对NK细胞的细胞毒性的影响。方法采用AsCas12a Ultra基因编辑工具敲除CISH基因,并敲入IL-15基因,对NK细胞进行基因编辑,并通过基因测序检测CISH基因敲除效率,采用ELISA检测IL-15的表达,用LDH检测基因编辑后的NK细胞对H358细胞系的杀伤活性,评估CISH基因敲除、IL-15基因敲入对NK细胞抗肿瘤功能的影响。结果与对照组相比,CISH基因敲除组和CISH基因敲除+IL-15基因敲入组杀伤效率显著增强[E∶T=2∶1组,34.57%±6.32%vs 71.40%±5.81%和69.23%±4.28%,P<0.001]。结论敲除CISH基因可上调IL-15信号通路,增强NK细胞抗肿瘤活性。

一种用于局部放电检测的超宽带环形-单极子天线

为提高电气设备局部放电检测准确度和灵敏度,提出一种超宽带环形-单极子天线。该天线主要由环形天线、类三角形单极子、金属枝节和金属地板构成。其中,类三角形单极子嵌入在环形天线内部,并通过金属枝节与环形天线连接,从而引入电磁耦合和产生新的谐振模式,改善天线阻抗匹配,扩展天线工作带宽,实现超宽带阻抗匹配和辐射特性。研究结果表明,天线在0.29~3.10 GHz频段的仿真反射系数低于-10 dB,最大仿真增益为8.8 dBi,在超宽频段内实现了良好的阻抗匹配和辐射特性。测试结果和仿真结果吻合良好,天线在0.29~3.16 GHz频段的测试反射系数低于-10 dB,最大测试增益达到9.3 dBi,适用于电气设备局部放电检测。