Effect of Ultra High Pressure Processing on the Particle Characteristics of Lotus-seed Starch

In this paper, the time dependent effects of various pressure treatments on the characteristics of lotus-seed starch which was modified by ultra-high pressure （UHP） were investigated. The results showed that the polarization cross of lotus-seed starch granules was weakening gradually with increasing the treatment time, which indicated the termination of their ordered crystallite structures. The morphologies of granules were collapsed once the UHP was kept at 500 MPa for 60 minutes. The particle size analysis demonstrated that the granule size and distribution of lotus-seed starches increased as the treatment time was prolonged. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the intensity of the feature diffraction peaks of starch decreased and eventually disappeared with increasing the treatment time, and B-type transformation pattern was observed. The Fourier transform infrared spectra （FTIR） analysis of starch showed that the UHP is a physical modification processing because no new groups formed. The research showed that UHP processing at certain degree is capable to achieve the modification of lotus-seed starch. It is of significance for the deep processing of lotus-seed products.

Fabric and Deformation of Omphacite in Dabie Ultra-high-pressure Ecologites

The rheological characters of omphacites in Dabie ultra-high-pressure eclogite have been studied in terms of fabric, dislocation and micro-structures. 1. The eclogite has undergone high-temperature deformation, thus forming omphacite lattice preferred orientation. In addition to creep dislocation, the omphacite ductile deformation may have other mechanisms, such as diffusion creep and grain boundary migration. 2. The main-phase deformation of eclogite is coaxial, but asymmetry strain also exists due to strain partitioning in the Dabie orogenic belt. 3. The twin measured by the universal stage is (100), indicating that omphacite high-T deformation was superimposed by low-T deformation. 4. Subgrain structure is common in omphacite, but the deformation features of the omphacites in the Shuanghe area and Bixiling area are different, the latter being dominated by dynamic recrystallization. 5. The Flinn plots show that the strain of omphacite belongs to the constriction ellipsoid and stretching strain, which is similar to the result of the omphacite fabric analysis.

Structural, Pasting, and Thermal Properties of Ultra-high Pressure-treated Lotus Seed Starch

Lotus seed starch （15%, w/w） was subjected to ultra-high pressure （UHP） at 500 MPa for 10～60 min. The effects of UHP on the structural, pasting, and thermal properties of starch were investigated using solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, HPSEC-MALLS-RI, and a rapid visco analyzer. The 13C CP/MAS NMR results revealed a reduction in the relative crystallinity and peak intensity of the crystalline state with increasing the UHP time. The molecular weight of native starch was 1.433 × 107 Da, which was higher than that of the UHP-treated starch. Viscograms of UHP-treated starch revealed an increase in paste viscosity, peak time, and pasting temperature and a reduction in breakdown and setback viscosity compared to the native starch. Furthermore, the DSC results showed a reduction in gelatinization temperature and gelatinization enthalpy with increasing the UHP time.

Effect of Ultra-high Pressure Treatment on the Quality of Persimmon Pulp

Different pressures and different durations of ultra-high pressure treatment were conducted for persimmon pulp after vacuum packing.The results showed that with the increase of pressure and extension of duration,the total number of bacteria in persimmon pulp decreased gradually.The treatment at 400 MPa for 15 min could meet the requirement of commercial sterility.After treatment,the color and the contents of soluble sugar,soluble solids and titratable acid of persimmon pulp were not changed significantly compared with the control group(P >0.05).The content of vitamin C in persimmon pulp declined gradually with the increase in pressure and time,with the maximum loss of 8.06% observed at 600 MPa for 20 min.Peroxidase( POD) activity also declined gradually with the increase of pressure and time.The activity of polyphenol oxidase( PPO) declined gradually with the increase of time,and increased first and then decreased with the increase of pressure.The content of polyphenols increased first and then decreased with the increase in pressure,and tended to increase overall with the increase in time.Under the treatment of 400 MPa for 20 min,the content of polyphenols reached the maximum.The antioxidant capacity of persimmon pulp after ultra-high pressure treatment was higher than that in the control group,but no significant differences were found among the treatment groups( P > 0.05).Compared with the control group,soluble tannin content was increased after ultra-high pressure treatment,but was far below the critical value for astringency(2 mg/g).In conclusion,ultra-high pressure treatment has only a slight effect on the sensory quality of persimmon pulp and can maintain its nutritional quality to a large extent and improve its antioxidant capacity.Moreover,ultra-high pressure treatment can eliminate astringency completely.

Effects of ultra-high hydrostatic pressure on foaming and physical-chemistry properties of egg white

The influences of ultra-high hydrostatic pressure treatment on foaming and physical properties (solubility, hydrophobicity and sulfhydryl content) of egg white were investigated. A pressure range of 0-500 MPa, time range of 0-20 min and pH range of 7.5-8.5 were selected. The foaming property of egg white is improved by 350Mpa and 10min. The treatment resulted in in- crease of sulfhydryl content of egg white, while solubility and hydrophobicity were significantly decreased.

Microstructures of TiAl_3 intermetallic compound solidified under ultra high pressure

The phase constitutes and microstructures of TiAl3 intermetallic compound solidified under vacuum and 5.5GPa pressure conditions were investigated. The results show that the phase constitutes of Ti80Al alloy solifified under vacuum and ultra high pressure are the same as those of TiAl3+Al. There are no new phases generated. However, under ultra high pressure solidification, the morphology of TiAl3 changes obviously. The shape of TiAl3 changes from pin-like to massive. Furthermore, Ti content in Al increases under ultra high pressure solidification. Analysis results indicate that the change of microstructure under ultra high pressure is involved in the influence of solute diffusion coefficient, the microstructure and stability of the solid/liquid interface with pressure mainly.

Compression fracture behavior and mechanical properties of ultra high pressure solidified titanium-aluminium intermetallics

The compression fracture behavior and mechanical properties of Ti80Al alloy and Ti48Al alloy solidified under 5.5GPa pressure condition were studied. The results show that the fracture of Ti80Al alloy solidified under high pressure has the characters of cleavage fracture and intergranular crack differing with cleavage fracture of that under vacuum. The fracture of Ti48Al alloy solidified under high pressure is cleavage fracture like that under vacuum. The compression strength of vacuum condition solidified Ti80Al alloy is 316MPa. However when the solidification pressure is increased to 5.5GPa, the compression strength of Ti80Al is increased to 440MPa. In the mean time, during ultra high pressure solidification the hardness of Ti80Al alloy and Ti48Al alloy increase from 8.755GPa and 5.408GPa under vacuum to 9.572GPa and 6.227GPa respectively, and elastic modulus also increase from 279.3GPa and 232.3GPa under vacuum to 295.8GPa to 252.9GPa respectively.

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Hairtail Surimi in an Ultra-High Pressure Bioreactor

Amino acids have been extracted from Hairtail surimi using enzymes in an ultra-high pressure bioreactor. The extraction efficiency of different enzymes including papain, trypsin, and proteases (acid, neutral, alkaline) also has been evaluated, and it has been discovered that neutral protease behaved the best. The amino acids were analyzed using automatic amino acid analyzer, and the enzymatic digestion conditions were optimized. For neutral protease, the optimal condition was 50℃, 250 MPa, pH 7.0. Material to liquid ratio of enzyme is 6%. More than 29 amino acids were detected after 24 hours of hydrolysis;the enzymatic hydrolysis rate can reach 83.29%. The results show that enzymatic digestion under ultra-high-pressure provides a very promising approach to extract amino acids from Hairtail surimi.

The Dabieshan Coesite-bearing Eclogite Terrain-A Late Archaean Ultra - high- Pressure Metamorphic Belt

A U -Pb zircon age of 2774±24 Ma for eclogite from the Bixiling rock body of Anhui Province, central China, indicates that the Dabieshan coesite-bearing eclogite was probably formed in the Late Archaean. A phengite Ar-Ar isochron age of 662±13 Ma for the eclogite confines also an upper limit age of its subsequent retrograde metamorphism in the Precambrian. The results of isotopic dating for such type of eclogite coincide with the geological features of its restricted occurrence within the Archaean metamaorphic terrain composed of the Dabie Group. It is believed that the Dabieshan coesite-bearing eclogite terrain might be a Late Archaean ultra-high-pressure metamorphic belt. The Dabie Mountains area was the eastward extension of the southern Qinling structural belt during the Triassic. Both the Dabie Group and the coesite-bearing eclogite hosted therein underwent a late-stage dynamic metamorphic event. The present authors have obtained a muscovite Ar-Ar isochron age of 192.6±2.8 Ma from plagioclase gneiss and a hornblende Ar-Ar plateau age of 230.7±4.6 Ma for the low amphibolite in eclogite respectively, which represent the Indosinian reworking ages of the original metamorphic rocks of the Dabie Group gneiss and coesite-bearing eclogite.

Experimental study on liquid immiscibility of lamprophyre-sulfide melt at high temperature and high pressure and its geological significance

With lamprophyre and pyrite from the Laowangzhai gold deposit, Yunnan Province, China, as starting materials, and at pressures from 1.5 to 3.0 GPa and temperatures from 1160 to 1560℃ , an experimental study was carried out on the liquid immiscibility of lamprophyre-sulfide melt at high temperature and ultra-high pressure in the DS-29A cubic 3600T/6-type high pressure apparatus. Results showed that the liquid immiscibility of lampro-pyre-sulfide melt in the magmatic system would happen during the early magmatic evolution (high temperature and high pressure conditions) and was controlled by temperature and pressure. The sulfide melt which was separated from the lamprophyric melt would make directional movement in the temperature and pressure field and assemble in the low-temperature and low-pressure region. Because the density of SM is higher than that of the lamprophyric melt, the former would gather together at the bottom of the magma chamber and there would exist a striking boundary between the two melts. On the other hand, the results also suggested that there would be little possibility for lampro-phyric magma to carry massive gold, and lamprophyres can't provide many of oreforming materials (Au) in the processes of gold mineralization.

UHPM改性火龙果皮膳食纤维工艺优化及其结构表征研究

研究火龙果皮膳食纤维超高压微射流(UHPM)改性工艺优化,并对改性后的膳食纤维结构进行分析。以火龙果皮为原料,采用UHPM进行处理,研究UHPM压力、液料比和处理次数对可溶性膳食纤维(SDF)含量的影响,通过响应面试验优化UHPM改性工艺条件,并对UHPM改性前后的火龙果皮膳食纤维显微结构、扫描电镜照片、红外光谱特性进行分析。结果表明:优化的火龙果皮膳食纤维UHPM改性工艺为压力165 MPa、液料比20∶1 g/mL、处理4次。该条件下火龙果皮膳食纤维的SDF含量为29.12%。同未经UHPM处理的样品相比,165 MPa处理的火龙果皮膳食纤维,细胞被充分破碎,膳食纤维的氢键破坏。表明UHPM是改性火龙果皮膳食纤维适宜的方法。

Study on the Generation of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) High Power Microwave

The experimental study of ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, its generation and on-line measurement are presented. An experimental repetitive UWB system is designed, manufactured, and tested. High-pressure spark gap switch and its components, as well as oil spark gap switch are studied experimentally on the system. Experimental results indicate that the system operates at a 200 pps repetitive rate with a stable performance. 100 MW peak power UWB pulses are obtained on the system. Fast-time response capacitive divider is designed and fabricated, allowing for an accurate measurement of the high power UWB signal. The main issues related to the design of the switch and the UWB signal online measurement are discussed.

粗骨料对超高性能应变硬化水泥基复合材料(UHP-SHCC)性能的影响

根据超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的制备理论和应变硬化水泥基复合材料(SHCC)的设计原理,制备了超高性能应变硬化水泥基复合材料(UHP-SHCC),研究了钢纤维改性处理和粗骨料的级配(最大粒径分别为6.00、8.00、9.75 mm)与掺量(0、5%、11%、15%)对UHP-SHCC抗压强度和拉伸行为的影响。结果表明:与未改性钢纤维相比,改性钢纤维使UHP-SHCC的应变硬化行为更明显;通过合理调控粗骨料的级配和掺量,有效提高了UHP-SHCC的抗压强度,改善了UHP-SHCC的拉伸应变硬化效果,但随着龄期从7 d增至28 d,UHP-SHCC的应变硬化效果略有减弱。

薄层UHP-ECC与既有砖墙界面粘结性能研究

超高性能工程用水泥基复合材料(UHP-ECC)加固修复既有砖砌体墙工程中,UHP-ECC与砖墙之间的粘结性能是保证加固效果的关键。为探究UHP-ECC-砖界面的粘结性能,通过双面剪切试验探究界面粗糙度、界面湿润度和有机纤维掺量对界面粘结性能的影响。结果表明:当扣缝深度为25 mm时,界面粘结剪切强度提高了75.31%;界面湿润度的增加使界面粘结剪切强度呈现先增大后减小的趋势,其中湿润状态的界面粘结性能最好;当纤维掺量为2%时,自然面和扣缝5 mm界面粘结剪切强度分别提升了20.05%和29.22%。采用扣缝的界面处理方式可提高界面粗糙度,从而提升界面粘结性能。

预应力UHPC轻型化锚固系统局部承压研究

针对预应力混凝土结构建设中锚固区构造简化问题,提出了一种轻型化锚固体系,并通过有限元分析方法,研究UHPC锚固区的受力性能。结果表明:在设置传统锚垫板与不设置传统锚垫板的情况下,锚固区局压承载力数值相差不大且差值在1%左右;锚后设置螺旋钢筋能够有效的提升局压承载力,设置螺旋筋较不设置螺旋筋的局部承载力差值均在20%及以上,并且在设置锚后螺旋筋后,结构的延性得到了很大提升;在不同局压比情况下,局压比由1.95提升至4.48时,承载力提升了209%;不同的螺旋筋直径的极限承载力差值在5%左右;不同螺旋筋约束直径的极限承载力差值在5%左右;不同螺旋筋高度的极限承载力差值在1%左右。

超高压辅助酶法制备黑斑蛙皮抗氧化肽及其活性评估

为提高黑斑蛙加工副产物蛙皮的综合利用价值,对黑斑蛙蛙皮抗氧化肽的提取工艺及性能进行研究。采用超滤方法对黑斑蛙蛙皮的蛋白酶解液进行分离,得到不同分子量范围的小分子肽,通过体外抗氧化试验和秀丽隐杆线虫模型,评价不同分子量范围蛙皮小分子肽的抗氧化性能;以高活性小分子肽得率为目标,采用响应面方法对酶添加量、超高压压力、超高压时间、液料比四个参数优化,确定小分子肽最佳提取工艺。结果表明,1~2000 Da小分子肽具有最强的抗氧化能力,DPPH自由基、ABTS^(+)自由基清除率分别达到了76.93%、59.23%,并显著提高了秀丽隐杆线虫的抗氧化能力;在中性蛋白酶水解的基础上,二次酶解最佳工艺参数为碱性蛋白酶用量10210 U/g,超高压压力315 MPa,压力作用时间9.3 min,液料比16倍,1~2000 Da小分子肽得率为25.26%。超高压辅助双酶水解显著提高了黑斑蛙蛙皮小分子肽的得率,为黑斑蛙副产物的高值化利用提供了参考。

超高温高压油气井完井封隔器研制与应用

随着深井深层油气田的勘探开发,超高温高压腐蚀性的特殊油气田日益增多,对完井封隔器提出了更高要求,国内现有封隔器不能完全满足工况需求。开发了一种耐高温、高压、腐蚀的新型特种氟橡胶材料和多材料复合密封单元结构,研制了温压指标232℃/103.4 MPa超高温高压油气井完井封隔器。研制中进行了仿真分析和室内测试,并在现场作业中进行了应用。结果表明,在232℃/103.4 MPa测试条件下,密封单元密封完好,封隔器整机满足API-11D1 V0等级的测试要求。在超高温高压环境累计14井次应用过程中,完井封隔器密封良好,无泄漏或失效情况发生,满足油田生产需求,具有现场应用推广价值。

超高真空环境下TC4钛合金和ZrO_(2)陶瓷的出气性能研究

内衬超薄壁真空腔体是离子加速器真空系统的核心元件,为了获得超高真空环境,对内衬材料的出气性能有较高要求。基于新型双通道出气率实验装置,完成了TC4钛合金和ZrO_(2)陶瓷在常温抽气、不同烘烤温度及烘烤结束后不同温度下的出气率实验;通过数值拟合方法获得了材料在不同加热温度下的出气率表达式;搭建了钛合金内衬超薄壁真空腔体压力实验装置,通过实验和仿真对比分析了不同工况下的压力分布。结果表明,烘烤温度越高,最终出气率越低,250℃烘烤时出气率较150℃时降低了约21%。经过高温烘烤后,当材料温度从50℃升高至210℃时,两种材料的出气率呈指数增加趋势,但钛合金的出气率低于陶瓷的出气率。常温抽气和烘烤过程中真空腔体压力梯度较小,对其进行升温时中间位置压力变化幅度较大,当温度为100℃,中间位置压力从初始值1.41×10^(-9)Pa升高至4.51×10^(-9)Pa;压力仿真结果和实验结果一致,平均相对偏差为6.86%。以上结果填补了钛合金和陶瓷出气率数据库,能够预测及评估真空腔体不同工况下的极限压力,为超高、极高真空获取提供数据支撑。

不同工艺制度下纳米颗粒对UHPC强度的影响

为充分发挥纳米颗粒在UHPC中的增强效应,制备更高性能的UHPC,本工作选取纳米SiO_(2)、纳米Al_(2)O_(3)、纳米CaCO_(3)三种颗粒,研究了在20℃标养、80℃蒸养、180℃蒸压养护以及加压成型条件下,上述三种纳米颗粒对UHPC力学强度的影响,并基于微观结构分析探讨了相应机理。结果表明:上述三种纳米颗粒对UHPC抗压强度均有较好的增强效应,三种纳米颗粒在UHPC中的增强效果大小顺序为纳米SiO_(2)>纳米Al_(2)O_(3)>纳米CaCO_(3);常压振捣密实成型条件下纳米SiO_(2)的最佳掺量约为1.5%(质量分数,下同),加压成型条件下纳米SiO_(2)的最佳掺量约为2.0%;纳米颗粒促进水泥水化的晶核效应和其自身的高化学活性是其在标养条件下显著提高UHPC强度增长率的主要原因;加压成型与蒸汽养护(80℃)的共同作用可显著提升掺纳米颗粒UHPC的力学强度;掺入纳米颗粒与采用加压成型工艺均可有效改善UHPC的孔隙结构。

基于SHPB的UHPC冲击试验径向惯性效应分析

为探讨UHPC试件惯性效应对SHPB加载过程的影响,采用大型有限元分析软件LS-DYNA从试件直径、长径比以及恒应变率加载等角度出发,开展了相应的数值模拟与分析。通过对软件中Karagozian-Case-Concrete(KCC)损伤模型参数取值进行优化,建立了基于SHPB技术的UHPC材料冲击压缩数值模型并与试验验证。在此基础上,开展不同UHPC试件直径、长径比以及有无整形器下的参数分析,探讨其对SHPB试验中径向惯性效应的影响。结果表明:(1)为实现加载过程中一维应力传播和UHPC试件应力平衡,试件直径建议按0.90~0.95倍杆件直径取值;(2)UHPC试件长径比对试件加载过程中的应力平衡影响较小,但综合试件中钢纤维分布均匀性以及破坏前一维应力传播,建议按0.35~0.45取值;(3)实现恒应变率加载是UHPC材料在SHPB冲击试验中消除径向惯性效应的重要前提。