Chemical Components of Achyranthes bidentata Leaves by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

[Objectives] To study the chemical components and relative content of Achyranthes bidentata leaves and provide a scientific basis for further development and utilization of A. bidentata leaves.[Methods] The chemical components of A. bidentata leaves were rapidly analyzed using the ultra high performance liquid chromatography-time of flight-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TOF-MS).[Results] Thirty eight chemical compounds were identified in samples of A. bidentata leaves collected from Wen County of Henan Province, in which seven chemical compounds had the relative content higher than 5%, linoleic acid reached 25.7% and inokosterone A reached 13.8%.[Conclusions] A. bidentata leaves contain many kinds of chemical compounds. This study is expected to provide a certain basis for further extraction of linoleic acid and inokosterone A.

Determination of Oleuropein in Cosmetics by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Tandem Mass Spectrometry

An ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)was established to quickly and accurately determine the content of oleuropein in cosmetics.The samples were extracted with methanol-aqueous solution,and the mobile phase with methanol-formic acid solution(0.1 mol/L)=40∶60 was separated by Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18(2.1 mm×50 mm×1.8μm-Micron)column temperature 30℃,flow rate 0.3 mL/min.The MS end was detected by electrospray negative mode ionization(ESI-)and multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode.The results show a good linear relationship in the range of 0.002~5 mg/L,with a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.999,5.Method recovery range from 84.2%~107.6%and the relative standard deviation RSD is 5.8%.The detection time is 5 min,the detection limit is 0.000,6 mg/L,and the limit of quantification is 0.002 mg/L.This method has the advantages of convenient operation,low quantification limit,high precision and good repeatability,and is suitable for measuring the content of oleuropein in many kinds of cosmetics.

A Validated Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for the Detection and Quantification of Oxidative Metabolites of 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether in Rat Hepatic Microsomes

In the present study, we developed and validated an analytical method using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS) for the quantitative determination of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) metabolism by rat hepatic microsomes. BDE-47 is a brominated flame retardant that was widely used in a variety of consumer products and has subsequently been identified as a ubiquitous environmental contaminant. Hydroxy-bromodiphenyl ethers (OH-BDEs) were isolated from rat hepatic microsomes by liquid-liquid extraction. Chromatographic separation was achieved by UPLC on a C18 column with gradient elution using a mobile phase consisting of methanol and water, each containing 0.1% formic acid, at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Detection and quantification were performed using a mass spectrometer in single ion recording mode with negative electrospray ionization. The UPLC/MS method was validated for linearity, limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, precision and recovery. The weighted calibration curves (1/X2) were linear over a concentration range of 5 - 250 nM with LOQ values between 5 nM and 50 nM for the individual OH-BDEs. Intra- and inter- day accuracy (%DEV) and precision (%RSD) values ranged from –11.7% to 9.5% and 5.9% to 16.5%, respectively. Recovery values of 70% to 90% were obtained for all OH-BDEs. The validated method allowed us to successfully analyze metabolite formation following incubation of BDE-47 with hepatic microsomes prepared from phenobarbital-treated rats. Results demonstrate that the UPLC/MS method has sufficient sensitivity and reproducibility to fully characterize the in vitro metabolism of BDE-47 and possibly other PBDEs.

基于超高效液相色谱-质谱分析的代谢组学在小檗碱治疗多囊卵巢综合征研究中的应用

多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)是妇女最常见的内分泌和代谢紊乱性疾病,合理的药物治疗非常重要。本研究中,超重/肥胖的多囊卵巢综合征患者经过小檗碱治疗3个月,采集治疗前后的血样进行分析,利用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术(UHPLC-MS)对治疗前后血清中的内源性物质进行了相对含量测定。正交信号校正的偏最小二乘模式识别分析结果显示治疗前后有明显的区分。多变量分析结合非参数检验找出的与小檗碱治疗相关的差异代谢物均与脂类代谢有关。临床生化数据结合代谢组学数据显示,小檗碱治疗超重/肥胖型的多囊卵巢综合征患者可以增加机体胰岛素敏感性、改善脂类代谢。上述研究结果表明代谢组学是研究中药治疗疾病效果的有效工具之一。

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法测定柑橘中4种苯甲酰脲类农药残留

建立了柑橘中虱螨脲、灭幼脲、氟啶脲和除虫脲4种苯甲酰脲类农药同时检测的超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱（ UPLC-MS/MS）分析方法。样品采用QuEChERS前处理技术，超高效液相色谱-串联质谱电喷雾负离子模式检测测定。结果表明：在0.01~0.2μg/mL范围内，4种供试农药的质量浓度与其相应的峰面积间呈良好的线性关系，相关系数（ r ）均大于0.994。在0.01、0.05和0.1 mg/kg 3个添加水平下，4种农药的平均回收率为92％~105％，相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.4％~3.3％（n＝5）。4种农药在柑橘中的定量限（LOQ）均为0.01 mg/kg。该方法准确、灵敏、简单，适用于同时测定柑橘中4种苯甲酰脲类农药的残留量。

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱双内标法同时测定复方杏香兔耳风胶囊中的10种有效成分

建立了同时测定复方杏香兔耳风胶囊中原儿茶酸、原儿茶醛、绿原酸、野黄芩苷、异绿原酸 C、黄芩苷、木犀草素、芹菜素、白术内酯 III 和白术内酯 I 等10种有效成分含量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（ UPLC-MS / MS）双内标分析方法。以咖啡酸和淫羊藿苷为内标（IS），在 ZORBAX RRHD Eclipse Plus C 18色谱柱上，以甲醇和含0.3％甲酸的水为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离，流速为0.3 mL / min。在电喷雾电离（ESI）正、负离子切换模式下，采用多重反应监测模式进行检测。结果表明，原儿茶酸、原儿茶醛、绿原酸、野黄芩苷、异绿原酸 C、黄芩苷、木犀草素、芹菜素、白术内酯 III、白术内酯 I 的线性范围分别为0.00300～24.0 mg / L、0.0170～2.00 mg / L、0.0150～30.0 mg / L、0.00400～30.0 mg / L、0.0105～24.0 mg / L、0.00300～30.0 mg / L、0.00300～5.00 mg / L、0.00600～5.00 mg / L、0.00150～4.00 mg / L、0.000600～0.900 mg / L；检出限分别为1.0、11、5.0、1.5、3.5、1.0、1.0、2.0、0.50、0.20μg / L。10种成分的加样回收率为92.5％～106％，相对标准偏差均不大于3.2％。该方法快速简便、灵敏度高、重复性好，已成功用于实际样品的分析。

氯吡嘧磺隆在玉米植株及土壤中的消解动态研究

利用超高效液相色谱-质谱法建立了氯吡嘧磺隆在玉米植株和土壤中的残留分析方法,并研究了氯吡嘧磺隆在玉米植株和土壤中的残留消解动态,对影响残留分析方法的主要参数进行了优化。结果表明,氯吡嘧磺隆标准溶液的线性方程为y=66 535x+747.06(r2=0.999 9),线性范围为10～1 000ng/mL。残留样品采用丙酮提取,乙酸乙酯萃取净化,超高效液相色谱分离,质谱仪检测,外标法定量。该方法在玉米植株和土壤中的最低检测限(LOQ)均为0.002mg/kg,当样品中氯吡嘧磺隆的添加水平为0.05～0.2mg/kg时,采用该方法测得植株和土壤中的平均回收率分别为85.16%～88.13%和87.65%～91.37%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.92%～2.09%和1.16%～2.61%。消解动态试验表明,氯吡嘧磺隆的残留量随时间延长而降低,消解动态曲线符合一级动力学方程,在植株和土壤中半衰期分别为0.78～0.97d和7.00～16.90d。试验结果显示,氯吡嘧磺隆在玉米田中属较易降解的农药。

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定水中春雷霉素的含量

建立了水中春雷霉素含量的超高效液相色谱质谱联用测定方法。样品用SCX固相萃取小柱净化，以HPLCBEHHILIC色谱柱（2．1×50mm，1．7μm）分离，采用UPLC—MS／MS多反应监测（MRM）正离子模式测定，外标法定量。春雷霉素检出限为0．01mg／kg。在0．01、0．05、0．1mg／kg3个浓度添加水平，回收率为86．4％-93．9％，相对标准偏差N2．5％～4．8％（n=5）。

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定营养强化食品中维生素B_(12)的含量

采用固相萃取（solid phase extraction, SPE）柱对样品中维生素B12进行浓缩与净化,提出了一种可灵敏测定营养强化食品中维生素B12含量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS）方法,并通过实验考察了不同固相萃取柱对维生素B12含量测定结果的影响.实验结果表明,采用HLB（hydrophile-lipophile balance number）固相萃取柱进行富集与净化,维生素B12在0.5～100.0μg/L浓度范围内与其响应值呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1.0μg/kg,说明该方法具有分析速度快、灵敏度高、重复性好的优点,适用于对营养强化食品中维生素B12含量的测定.

Human liver tissue metabolic profiling research on hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To select characteristic endogenous metabolites in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and to identify their molecular mechanism and potential clinical value. METHODS: An ultra performance liquid chromatography and linear trap quadrupole-Orbitrap XL-mass spectrometry platform was used to analyze endogenous metabolites in the homogenate of central tumor tissue, adjacent tissue and distant tissue obtained from 10 HBV-related HCC patients. After pretreatment with Mzmine software, including peak detection, alignment and normalization, the acquired data were treated with Simca-P+software to establish multivariate statistical analysis based on a pattern recognition technique and characteristic metabolites highly correlated with changing trends in metabolic profiling were selected and further identified. RESULTS: Based on data acquired using Mzmine software, a principal component analysis model (R2X = 66.9%, Q2 = 21.7%) with 6 principal components and an orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analy-sis model (R2X = 76.5%, R2Y = 93.7%, Q2 = 68.7%) with 2 predicted principal components and 5 orthogonal principal components were established in the three tissue groups. Forty-nine ions were selected, 33 ions passed the 2 related samples nonparametric test (P < 0.05) and 14 of these were further identified as characteristic metabolites that showed significant differences in levels between the central tumor tissue group and distant tumor tissue group, including 9 metabolites (L -phenylalanine, glycerophosphocholine, lysophosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines and chenodeoxycholic acid glycine conjugate) which had been reported as serum metabolite biomarkers for HCC diagnosis in previous research, and 5 metabolites (betasitosterol, quinaldic acid, arachidyl carnitine, tetradecanal, and oleamide) which had not been reported before. CONCLUSION: Characteristic metabolites and metabolic pathways highly related to HCC pathogenesis and progression are identified through metabolic profiling analysis of HCC tissue homogenates.

Studies of the intestinal absorption of the alkaloids in the Wu-tou decoction combined with different incompatible medicinal herbs in a Caco-2 cell culture system using UPLC-MS/MS

In this study, seven alkaloids were detected in Wu-tou decoction using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MSn）. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus, Pinelliae Rhizoma in different ratios with Wu-tou decoction （2：1, 1：1, 1：2） by measuring the therapeutic effects in Wu-tou decoction of main seven alkaloids including benzoylaconitine （BA）, benzoylmesaconitine （BM）, benzoylhypaconitine （BH）, hypaconitine （HA）, fuziline （FU）, niaolin （NE） and deoxyaconitine （DA）. The permeability of aconitum alkaloids extract through a Caco-2 cell monolayer was analyzed in the absence and presence of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus, and Pinelliae Rhizoma, respectively. The results showed that Pinelliae Rhizoma could reduce the absorption of the alkaloids and increase the excretion of the alkaloids, which would attenuate the therapeutic effects of Wu-tou decoction. Therefore, Pinelliae Rhizoma is an incompatible herb of Wu-tou decoction because of the inhibition of the absorption of alkaloids in the intestine. And that Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus and Fritillariae rhunbergii Bulbus showed the effects to improve the permeability of the alkaloids in Wu-tou decoction. These effects of these two herbs were similar, but the former was stronger than the latter, which most likely is due to the fact that the compositions of these two traditional Chinese medicines are similar. The in vitro data suggests that the compounds such as fritillary presented in alkaloids in the formula maybe improve the therapeutic function caused by the increased bioavailability of alkaloids in intestine.

Perfluorocarboxylic acids(PFCAs)and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates(PFASs)in surface and tap water around Lake Taihu in China

Perfluorinated compounds(PFCs)are ubiquitously distributed in the environment mainly as perfluorocarboxylic acids(PFCAs)and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates(PFASs).In this paper,six PFCAs and two PFASs were quantified in surface and tap water samples from 12 sites around Lake Taihu near Shanghai City in East China.Predominant PFCs were perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS),of which the concentration ranges were 6.8–206 and 1.2–45 ng·L^(–1),the geometric means were 35.3 and 9.4 ng·L^(–1),and the median(quartile range)values were 31.4(34.4)and 10.4(10.7)ng·L^(–1),respectively.Other PFCs were also detected but in much lower concentrations than PFOA.The sources of the PFCs were expected to be direct industrial discharges in the Lake Taihu area,and this area was also a possible source of PFCs contaminations in Shanghai district in the downstream.PFCs distributions were found different in the upstream,downstream and north part of Lake Taihu.Occurrences of PFCs in the tap water in Lake Taihu area indicated their exposure to the local people.A brief estimation of the environmental risks by PFCs implied no acute or immediate risks from PFCs to local human health,but chronic risks from PFOA in the tap water should be considered in the downstream regions.