Short-wave infrared InGaAs photodetectors and focal plane arrays

In this article, unique spectral features of short-wave infrared band of 1 μm–3 μm, and various applications related to the photodetectors and focal plane arrays in this band, are introduced briefly. In addition, the different material systems for the devices in this band are outlined. Based on the background, the development of lattice-matched and wavelengthextended InGaAs photodetectors and focal plane arrays, including our continuous efforts in this field, are reviewed. These devices are concentrated on the applications in spectral sensing and imaging, exclusive of optical fiber communication.

On the exact solutions to the long short-wave interaction system

The complete discrimination system for polynomial method is applied to the long-short-wave interaction system to obtain the classifications of single traveling wave solutions. Compared with the solutions given by the （G~/G）-expansion method, we gain some new solutions.

Application of Short-wave Near-infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy in Controlling Extract of Fructus Cnidii Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Fructus cnidii （Chinese name shechuangzi） is the fruit produced by Cnidium monnieri （L.） Cusson （Umbelliferae）. It is a perennial herb that is used to treat skin-related diseases and gynecopathyell. Recent pharmacological studies have revealed crude extracts or components isolated from fructus cnidii possess antiallergic, antipruritic, antidermatophytic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiosteoporotic activities. Osthole and imperatorin are the major compounds present in shechuangzi. They are often used as standards for the evaluation of the quality of shechuangzi products.

Lie symmetries and exact solutions for a short-wave model

In this paper, the Lie symmetry analysis and generalized symmetry method are performed for a short-wave model. The symmetries for this equation are given, and the phase portraits of the traveling wave systems are analyzed using the bifurcation theory of dynamical systems. The exact parametric representations of four types of traveling wave solutions are obtained.

An analysis on short-wave components of the global stress field

The 10 920 stress indicators collected so far by the WSM (World Stress Map) project represent the observed ori-entations of the maximum horizontal principal stress (sHmax) in a certain region. Assuming that the long-wave component of sHmax is expressed by the absolute direction of plate motions, we can get the relative orientation and the magnitude of the short-wave component resulted from the local tectonic process or other factors with vector analytical technique. The global surface was divided into basic element bins by 2.52.5 dimensions and the WSM indicators were statistically analyzed for each element by weight coefficient method in order to determine the mean orientation of the stress. We calculated the long-wave component of the global stress field using HS2-NUVEL1 model. The relative magnitude or the direction limitation of short-wave component, which reflect the local contribution to the observed stresses, was determined by the angle between the mean sHmax and the orien-tation of the long-wave component. The results of this paper show that the contribution of either the long-wave component or the short-wave component is approximately equal to most of the global plates on the basis of the mean effect of the observed stresses. For some of continental regions, the local active tectonics plays an important role in the observed stresses and controls the generation and occurrence of earthquakes.

Mineralogical Characteristics and Short-wave Infrared Spectra of Chlorite as Indicators of Hydrothermal Centers: A Case Study of the Giant Porphyry Copper-Molybdenum Deposit at Qulong, Tibet

The Qulong deposit in Tibet is one of the largest porphyry copper-molybdenum deposits in China. We used short-wave infrared(SWIR) spectroscopy to examine the spectral characteristics of the extensively developed chlorite in this deposit. X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analyses were used for phase identification and to obtain the chemical composition, ion substitution relationships, and formation environment of the chlorite. SWIR spectral parameters were applied to detect the hydrothermal centers. The results indicate that the wavelength of the absorption feature for Qulong chlorite Fe-OH(Pos2250) range from 2240 to 2268.4 nm;the chlorite substitution relationships are dominated by Mg-Fe substitution at the octahedral sites together with Al;-Si substitution at the tetrahedral sites;the chlorite formation temperatures range within the medium-low temperature hydrothermal alteration range from 164 to 281°C, with an average value of 264℃;the wavelength of the chlorite peak position for Fe-OH(2250 nm) absorption and its chemical composition are positively correlated with Al^(Ⅵ), Fe + Al^(Ⅵ), Fe/(Fe + Mg), Fe, and Fe + Al^(Ⅳ)but negatively correlated with Mg and Mg/(Fe + Mg);and the wavelength associated with the chlorite Fe-OH(2250 nm) absorption feature is positively correlated with the temperature at which the chlorite formed. These correlations indicate that more Fe and Al^(Ⅵ) ions and fewer Mg ions at the octahedral sites of chlorite lead to a longer the wavelength of the chlorite Fe-OH(2250 nm) absorption feature and a higher chlorite formation temperature. The wavelength of the Qulong chlorite Fe-OH(2250 nm) absorption feature(>2252 nm) can thus serve as an exploration indicator to guide the detection of hydrothermal centers in porphyry copper deposits. The results of the study indicate that the mineralogical and SWIR spectral characteristics of chlorite are significant indicators for locating hydrothermal centers within porphyry deposits.

Short-wave infrared continuous-variable quantum key distribution over satellite-to-submarine channels

The trans-media transmission of quantum pulse is one of means of free-space transmission which can be applied in continuous-variable quantum key distribution(CVQKD)system.In traditional implementations for atmospheric channels,the 1500-to-1600-nm pulse is regarded as an ideal quantum pulse carrier.However,the underwater transmission of this pulses tends to suffer from severe attenuation,which inevitably deteriorates the security of the whole CVQKD system.In this paper,we propose an alternative scheme for implementations of CVQKD over satellite-to-submarine channels.We estimate the parameters of the trans-media channels,involving atmosphere,sea surface and seawater and find that the shortwave infrared performs well in the above channels.The 450-nm pulse is used for generations of quantum signal carriers to accomplish quantum communications through atmosphere,sea surface and seawater channels.Numerical simulations show that the proposed scheme can achieve the transmission distance of 600 km.In addition,we demonstrate that non-Gaussian operations can further lengthen its maximal transmission distance,which contributes to the establishment of practical global quantum networks.

GamBro AK 200 ULTRA S透析机无技术错误代码指向的维修案例解析

GamBro AK 200 ULTRA S透析机是百特金宝公司生产的双泵透析机,以血液透析滤过功能为特色,兼备血液透析、血液滤过的功能。通常,操作人员在使用过程中的操作失误,会以报警提示的形式呈现,操作人员根据报警提示的引导,即可快速更正操作,报警提示普遍与操作失误相关,然而,也有掩藏在“报警提示”表面下的特殊故障,本文对一例该类特殊故障的检修进行解析。

Comparative impact behaviours of ultra high performance concrete columns reinforced with polypropylene vs steel fibres

Polypropylene(PP) fibres have primarily used to control shrinkage cracks or mitigate explosive spalling in concrete structures exposed to fire or subjected to impact/blast loads, with limited investigations on capacity improvement. This study unveils the possibility of using PP micro-fibres to improve the impact behaviour of fibre-reinforced ultra-high-performance concrete(FRUHPC) columns. Results show that the addition of fibres significantly improves the impact behaviour of FRUHPC columns by shifting the failure mechanism from brittle shear to favourable flexural failure. The addition of steel or PP fibres affected the impact responses differently. Steel fibres considerably increased the peak impact force(up to 18%) while PP micro-fibres slightly increased the peak(3%-4%). FRUHPC significantly reduced the maximum midheight displacement by up to 30%(under 20°impact) and substantially improved the displacement recovery by up to 100%(under 20° impact). FRUHPC with steel fibres significantly improved the energy absorption while those with PP micro-fibres reduced the energy absorption, which is different from the effect of PP-macro fibre reported in the literature. The optimal fibre content for micro-PP fibres is 1% due to its minimal fibre usage and low peak and residual displacement. This study highlights the potential of FRUHPC as a promising material for impact-resistant structures by creating a more favourable flexural failure mechanism, enhancing ductility and toughness under impact loading, and advancing the understanding of the role of fibres in structural performance.

CO_(2) mineralization by typical industrial solid wastes for preparing ultrafine CaCO_(3): A review

Mineral carbonation is a promising CO_(2) sequestration strategy that can utilize industrial wastes to convert CO_(2) into high-value CaCO_(3).This review summarizes the advancements in CO_(2) mineralization using typical industrial wastes to prepare ultrafine CaCO_(3).This work surveys the mechanisms of CO_(2) mineralization using these wastes and its capacities to synthesize CaCO_(3),evaluates the effects of carbonation pathways and operating parameters on the preparation of CaCO_(3),analyzes the current industrial application status and economics of this technology.Due to the large amount of impurities in solid wastes,the purity of CaCO_(3) prepared by indirect methods is greater than that prepared by direct methods.Crystalline CaCO_(3) includes three polymorphs.The polymorph of CaCO_(3) synthesized by carbonation process is determined the combined effects of various factors.These parameters essentially impact the nucleation and growth of CaCO_(3) by altering the CO_(2) supersaturation in the reaction system and the surface energy of CaCO_(3) grains.Increasing the initial pH of the solution and the CO_(2)flow rate favors the formation of vaterite,but calcite is formed under excessively high pH.Vaterite formation is favored at lower temperatures and residence time.With increased temperature and prolonged residence time,it passes through aragonite metastable phase and eventually transforms into calcite.Moreover,polymorph modifiers can decrease the surface energy of CaCO_(3) grains,facilitating the synthesis of vaterite.However,the large-scale application of this technology still faces many problems,including high costs,high energy consumption,low calcium leaching rate,low carbonation efficiency,and low product yield.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate ways to accelerate carbonation,optimize operating parameters,develop cost-effective agents,and understand the kinetics of CaCO_(3) nucleation and crystallization to obtain products with specific crystal forms.Furthermore,more studies on life cycle assessment(LCA)should be conducted to fully confirm the feasibility of the developed technologies.

Spatiotemporal mapping of(ultra‐)mafic magmatic mine areas:Implications of economic and political realities in China

The spatiotemporal extension/expansion of mine areas is affected by multiple factors.So far,very little has been done to examine the interaction between mine areas and political or economic realities.The(ultra‐)mafic magmatic mines in China played a specific role in supporting national development and providing an ideal research subject for monitoring their interrelationship.In this study,remote sensing and mining‐related GIS data were used to identify and analyze 1233(ultra‐)mafic magmatic mine area polygons in China,which covered approximately 322.96 km2 of land and included a V–Ti–Fe mine,a copper–nickel mine,a chromite mine,an asbestos mine,and a diamond mine.It was found that(1)the areal expansion of mines is significantly related to the mine types,perimeter,topography,and population density.(2)The mine area variation also reflects market and policy realities.The temporal expansion of the mine area from 2010 to 2020 followed an S‐shaped pattern(with the turning point occurring in 2014),closely related to iron overcapacity and tightened mining policies.(3)The complexity(D)of the mine area may reflect mine design and excavation practices.To be specific,lower D indicates early‐stage or artisanal/small‐scale mining,whereas higher D represents large‐scale mining.This study demonstrates that the detailed mapping of mine land can serve as an indicator to implement miningrelated market and policy changes.The(ultra‐)mafic mines area data set can be accessed at https://zenodo.org/record/7636616#.Y-p0uXaZOa0.

Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra在儿童结核诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra在儿童结核诊断中的应用价值。方法:选取2010年1月—2022年12月山东省公共卫生临床中心收治的150例患儿作为研究对象。根据临床综合诊断确诊结果将结核病感染患儿纳入试验组(n=100),将非结核病感染患儿纳入对照组(n=50)。计算不同标本类型的敏感度、特异度、阴性预测值、阳性预测值和准确度,评价Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra检出利福平(RIF)耐药性的效能。结果:Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra的检测所有标本总敏感度为77.00%,特异度为96.00%;合并肺内标本敏感度为92.85%,特异度为96.29%,其中肺内标本中肺泡灌洗液敏感度最高为100.00%;合并肺外标本敏感度为77.55%,特异度为95.65%,其中肺外标本中淋巴结敏感度最高为100.00%。结论:不同标本类型中Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra对儿童结核的检出率差异较大,在诊断肺内结核标本时,检测肺泡灌洗液标本价值最高,在诊断肺外结核标本时,检测淋巴结标本价值最高。

Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra对结核性脑膜炎的早期诊断价值

目的:评价Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra(Ultra)对结核性脑膜炎(TBM)的早期诊断价值。方法:对79例患者的临床资料进行分析,用Ultra、Xpert MTB/RIF(Xpert)、宏基因测序(mNGS)和分枝杆菌培养(MGIT)检测脑脊液(CSF)中的结核分枝杆菌。在临床诊断的基础上,分析各方法的检测性能和利福平药物敏感性。结果:Ultra的敏感度(56.4%)、曲线下面积(AUC值)和Kappa值(0.521)均高于MGIT(20%、0.600、0.236)、Xpert(40%、0.700、0.236)和mNGS(32.7%、0.664、0.352)。在31例Ultra阳性病例中,24例对利福平敏感,7例耐药性不确定。结论:与其他方法相比,Ultra检测脑脊液中结核分枝杆菌具有较高的敏感性。因此,Ultra可用于TBM的早期诊断。

Anisotropy of Trabecular Bone from Ultra-Distal Radius Digital X-Ray Imaging: Effects on Bone Mineral Density and Age

Background: When applied to trabecular bone X-ray images, the anisotropic properties of trabeculae located at ultra-distal radius were investigated by using the trabecular bone scores (TBS) calculated along directions parallel and perpendicular to the forearm. Methodology: Data from more than two hundred subjects were studied retrospectively. A DXA (GE Lunar Prodigy) scan of the forearm was performed on each subject to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) value at the location of ultra-distal radius, and an X-ray digital image of the same forearm was taken on the same day. The values of trabecular bone score along the direction perpendicular to the forearm, TBSx, and along the direction parallel to the forearm, TBSy, were calculated respectively. The statistics of TBSx and TBSy were calculated, and the anisotropy of the trabecular bone, which was defined as the ratio of TBSy to TBSx and changed with subjects’ BMD and age, was reported and analyzed. Results: The results show that the correlation coefficient between TBSx and TBSy was 0.72 (p BMD and age was reported. The results showed that decreased trabecular bone anisotropy was associated with deceased BMD and increased age in the subject group. Conclusions: This study shows that decreased trabecular bone anisotropy was associated with decreased BMD and increased age.

Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra检测脑脊液对结核性脑膜炎的诊断价值

目的评估超敏结核分枝杆菌和利福平耐药基因(Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra,简称"Xpert Ultra")检测脑脊液(cerebral spinal fluid,CSF)对结核性脑膜炎(tuberculous meningitis,TBM)的诊断价值。方法连续纳入2017年1月至2018年12月首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院就诊的疑似TBM患者189例,依据入组标准最终纳入151例,其中临床诊断TBM患者106例(包括32例确诊、55例很可能,19例可能),非TBM患者45例。收集所有患者的CSF,评价抗酸染色涂片镜检、BACTEC MGIT 960培养(简称"MGIT 960培养")、GeneXpert MTB/RIF(简称"Xpert")和Xpert Ultra检测CSF对TBM的诊断效能。结果以临床诊断为参考标准,Xpert Ultra对106例临床诊断TBM患者检测的敏感度[(44.3%,47/106)]明显高于Xpert[24.5%(26/106)],差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=16.000,P<0.01);对76例行CSF培养的TBM患者的检测敏感度[44.7%(34/76)]明显高于MGIT 960培养[18.4%(14/76)],差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.893,P<0.01)。纳入Xpert Ultra检测结果后,诊断TBM的确诊率从30.2%(32/106)上升至50.0%(53/106)。Xpert Ultra对62例培养阴性患者的阳性检出率[38.7%(24/62)]明显高于Xpert[21.0%(13/62)],差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.692,P=0.003)。Xpert和Xpert Ultra对接受抗结核治疗TBM患者CSF的阳性检出率[分别为13.3%(8/60)和20.0%(12/60)]均明显低于未接受抗结核治疗患者[分别为39.1%(18/46)和76.1%(35/46)],差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.360,P=0.002;χ^(2)=33.189,P<0.01);且Xpert Ultra对未接受抗结核治疗的TBM患者的阳性检出率明显高于Xpert(χ^(2)=15.059,P<0.01)。Xpert Ultra和Xpert同时检出利福平耐药者1例,利福平敏感者5例,与表型药物敏感性试验结果一致。结论 Xpert Ultra检测CSF诊断TBM的敏感度明显高于Xpert和MGIT 960培养;且在培养阴性的TBM患者中,Xpert Ultra阳性检出率明显优于Xpert。Xpert Ultra可快速诊断TBM,值得临床推广应用。

Ultra Q:YAG与传统Nd:YAG激光玻璃体消融术治疗飞蚊症的疗效比较

目的:通过观察Ultra Q∶YAG玻璃体消融术治疗飞蚊症的长期效果,评价Ultra Q:YAG较传统Nd∶YAG激光的治疗优势。方法:回顾性分析2018-05/2020-01于我院确诊为玻璃体混浊并接受激光玻璃体消融术治疗的112例130眼患者的临床资料。所有患者均接受了激光玻璃体消融术治疗,根据不同治疗方法分为A、B两组,A组(60例70眼)接受Ultra Q∶YAG玻璃体消融术治疗;B组(52例60眼)接受传统Nd∶YAG激光治疗。根据患者玻璃体混浊的形态将A、B组各分为两亚组:其中A1组45例52眼和B1组30例38眼,玻璃体混浊形态多为Weiss环、絮状、致密膜状;A2组15例18眼和B2组22例22眼,玻璃体混浊形态多为细点状、丝状、网状。比较治疗前后的BCVA,治疗次数差异及主觉症状改善情况。结果:BCVA:治疗前A1组和A2组、B1组和B2组、A组和B组均无差异(P>0.05);A组和B组在治疗后2wk,1mo时均有差异(P<0.001),A1组和A2组在治疗后1、6、12mo均有差异(P=0.019、0.042、<0.001)。A组患者治疗后的主觉症状改善程度优于B组(P=0.006)。A1组治疗后的主觉症状改善程度优于A2组(P<0.001)。Ultra Q∶YAG比传统Nd∶YAG激光所需的激光治疗次数少(P<0.001)。同一种激光方法,不同玻璃体混浊形态,治疗次数无差异(P>0.05)。结论:Ultra Q∶YAG较传统Nd∶YAG激光进行玻璃体消融治疗飞蚊症,更易于操作、更安全、具有更好的主觉症状改善,尤其是对于伴有Weiss环、絮状、致密膜状混浊物的患者。

Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra在结核分枝杆菌及利福平耐药检测中的价值

目的通过与Xpert MTB/RIF比较,评价Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra在结核分枝杆菌及利福平耐药检测中的价值。方法选取出现肺结核症状的患者,根据是否确诊肺结核以及治疗情况分为结核检测组(CDG)和耐药结核组(DRG)。分别采用Xpert MTB/RIF和Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra检测2组患者的痰标本,以MGIT960液体培养作为参考方法,比较2种方法在结核分枝杆菌及利福平耐药检测中的敏感性和特异性。结果Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra在结核分枝杆菌检测中的敏感性(96.1%)高于Xpert MTB/RIF(85.2%),特异性相同;Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra在抗酸染色涂片阴性患者的结核病检测中敏感性(75.5%)明显高于Xpert MTB/RIF(22.6%)。结论Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra在结核病患者尤其是在抗酸染色涂片阴性患者结核病检测中的价值优于Xpert MTB/RIF。

磷脂酶Lecitase Ultra用于花生油脱磷工艺的研究

利用磷脂酶将花生油中的非水化磷脂转化为水化磷脂是一种代替化学脱胶的新方法。采用新型磷脂酶Lecitase Ultra对花生油进行脱磷脂研究,确定了该方法的反应条件:酶添加量25 mg/kg,反应温度55℃,pH值5.0,反应时间2 h。在此条件下花生油磷脂残留量降到4.2 mg/kg。

BL-代数的obstinate滤子和ultra滤子

针对一个公开问题:BL-代数中"一个normal滤子在什么合适条件下成为fantastic滤子?",通过研究BL-代数的fantastic滤子的等价条件,给出公开问题结论成立的两种条件.