Increased Storability of Haloxylon ammodendron Seeds in Ultra-drying Storage

梭梭 (HaloxylonammodendronBge .)的种子为短命种子 ,在自然状态下 ,种子的含水量为 8.5 % ,寿命约为 10个月。将梭梭种子含水量降至 2 .5 %和 1.4% ,其耐贮藏力增强。经过 5 0℃下 5d和 10d的人工加速老化后 ,超干种子表现出较强的抗老化能力。与对照相比 ,超干种子具有较高的萌发率、活力指数及较长的根 。

Studies on Ultra-dry Storage and Genetic Stability of Vegetable Seeds

[Objective] To study the long-term ultra-dry storage method and genetic stability of vegetable seeds.[Method] Seeds of Lycopersicum esculentum,Raphanus satuvus and Apium graveolen.were chosen as material.The changes of seed vigor,viability and genetic stability after ultra-storage were discussed by studying the seed potentiality,shoot length,germination percentage and the chromosome aberration rate of root tip cells.[Results] Maintaining the low moisture content,different vegetable species had different storage effects of the long-term storage seeds under normal temperature.The Lycopersicum esculentum and Raphanus satuvus seeds were more suitable to ultra-dry storage at normal temperature,and could keep good genetic stability,while the seeds of Apium graveolen had bad performance.[Conclusion] This study established the foundation of studying ultra-dry storage of vegetable seeds.

Comparison of Methods for Ultra-drying of Chinese Chive Seeds

[Objective] This study aimed to identify the ultra-drying method most suitable for the storage of Chinese chive seeds through comparing different ultra-drying meth- ods. [Method] Through setting treatments including freezing, silica gel drying and heating drying at 50℃ as well as two controls, the effects of different drying methods for storing ultra-dried Chinese chive seeds were compared. [Result] There were no significant differences in the germination rate and seedling length between Chinese chive seeds treated with heating drying at 50℃ and those treated with either freezing or get drying at the initial stage of the storage. Storing of Chinese chive seeds previously treated with either heating drying at 50℃, or freezing or gel drying for 0-98 months at 20℃ hadn＇t caused any adverse effect on the germination rate of seeds. And the effect of different storage conditions on seedling length displayed earlier than that on the germination rate. There was no significant difference on seedling length between seeds treated with heating drying at 50℃ and those treated with freezing drying after stored for as long as 98 months, revealing similar efficacy on storing seeds. [Conclusion] Freezing drying requires huge investment and cost for perennial running, and silica gel drying is slow in drying and time-consuming. By contrast, heating drying at 50℃ is an economic and simple method, which can enable the Chinese chive seeds to sustain a longevity of eight years or more.

Effects of Ultra-drying Treatment on Large Amounts of Four Kinds of Crop Seeds

This study was to understand the physiological changes of four kinds of crop seeds including baby corn, cowpea, radish and rape- seed, under the treatment of ultra-drying. Large amounts of seeds as experimental materials （ 10 kg for each material） were respectively dried to the suitable water content consistent with the ultra-dried seed criterion via heating at 50 ~C; then the physiological indices of these ultra-dried seeds such as water content, seed germination, dehydrogenase activity and SOD activity were measured. The results showed that except cowpea seeds, whose ultra-drying treatment should be controlled between two and four days, other three kinds of seeds were tolerant to high tem- perature and low water content. The ultra-dried seeds assumed similar or even higher activities than CKs, but showed no damage symptom. Our result proves that ultra-drying treatment via heating at 50 ℃ is safe and efficient to experimental seeds.

Effect of Moisture Content on Melilotus suaveolens Seed Quality During Ultra-drying Storage

In order to enhance the seed storability and supply high-quality seeds for vegetation restoration in the arid and semi-arid regions in Northwest China,the effects of ultra-drying and accelerated aging on the physiological characterstics of Melilotus suaveolens seeds were studied.Melilotus suaveolens seeds were dried in a desiccator containing silica gel to 80,53,42,33,23 and 16 g·kg-1 of moisture contents（MC）,respectively.The parameters of the seed quality including germination energy（GE）,germination percentage（GP）,relative conductivity（RC）,dehydrogenase activity（DA） and α-amylase activity（AA） were determined after ultra-drying and accelerated aging.The results showed that ultra-dried seeds with 42 g·kg-1 of MC showed the minimum changes of GE and GP before and after seed aging.Moreover,ultra-dry seeds with 42 g·kg-1 of MC showed higher DA and AA,and lower RC than non-ultra-drying seeds.Therefore,ultra-drying to 42 g·kg-1 of MC was helpful for M.suaveolens seed storage.

Physiological Responses of Limonium aureum Seeds to Ultra-drying

The seeds of Limonium aureum （L.） Hill. were dried from 8.92% to 2.88% moisture content in a desiccating container with silica gel. After ultra-drying the seeds were accelerated aged （50 ℃, 1 month）, and some physiological indices, including the electrical conductivity, dehydrogenase activity, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD）, glutathione reductase （GR）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX）, catalase （CAT）, volatile aldehydes and malondialdehyde （MDA） were tested. The results indicated that dehydrogenase, POD, SOD, GR, APX and CAT activities of the ultra-dry seeds were higher than the control seeds, while volatile aldehydes and malondialdehyde were lower than the control group. The results suggest that ultra-drying is beneficial for maintaining the vigor of L. aureum seeds at a high level. Thus, L. aureum seeds could be stored under ultra-dry conditions.

Effects of Ultra-drying on Viability and Physiological Characteristics of Platycladus orientalis Seed from Arid and Semiarid Areas of Northwest China

In order to supply quality seed for vegetation restoration in arid and semiarid areas of Northwest China, the effects of Platycladus orientalis seed storage under ultra-drying and accelerated aging were studied. The seeds were dried from 6.8% to 5.1%, 4.4%, 3.7% and 2.2% MC, respectively, in a desiccator with the silica gel. The germination energy, germination percentage, germination index and vigor index of the seed were investigated. After ultra-drying, groups of seeds were carried on the accelerated aging tests in an oven at 50 oC for 10, 20 and 30 d , respectively, and the physiological indexes, including relative conductivity, dehydrogenase activity and α-amylase activity were tested. The results show that the ultra-dried seeds with 3.7% MC have the highest germination energy, germination percentage, germination index and vigor index. After aging, the dehydrogenase activity and α-amylase activity of the group of seeds of 3.7% MC were higher than those of 6.8%, while the relative conductivity of the group of 3.7% is lower than that of 6.8%. It is feasible to ultra- dry the seeds with 3.7% MC.

Effects of Ultra-drying on Vigor and Physiological characteristics of Hippophae rhamnoides Seeds

Studies of ultra-drying and accelerated aging on Hippophae rhamnoides seeds from the arid and semiarid areas of northwest China were conducted. The results showed that H. rhamnoides seeds had higher desiccation endurance. When seeds were desiccated to 26 g/kg, their germination percentage, vigor indices and enzyme activity could be retained. After 30-day accelerated aging, ultra-dried seeds had better anti-aging ability and storability compared to natural dried seeds, and the best choice for the MC of seed was 34 g/kg. Accordingly, ultra-drying treatment could improve the storability.

Effect of Ultra-drying on Vigor and Physiological Characteristics of Ziziphus jujuba var spinosa Seeds

Using ultradry method and accelerated aging, storage behavior of Ziziphus jujuba var spinosa seeds with MC of 15-80 g/kg was studied. The results showed that seeds with MC of 24-80 g/kg could maintain the stabilization in germination percentage, vigor, relative conductivity, and enzyme activities; and during the ageing the seed storability increased with the moisture content decreased to 24 g/kg. Thus, it was feasible for the seeds to be stored under the ultra-dried condition.

Study of Ultra-drying on Vigor and Physiological Characteristics of Lespedeza bicolor Seeds

Ultra-drying (in a desiccator with silica gel) and accelerated aging (50 oC, 30 d) of Lespedeza bicolor seeds from the arid and semiarid areas of northwest China were studied. The results showed that in the moisture content of seed ( 43?70 g/kg), germination percentage and vigor indices had no significant differences; ultra-dried seeds had a stronger anti-aging ability than those with natural drying, and the best MC for the storage was 43 g/kg. Therefore, it was feasible to store L. bicolor seeds with ultra-dried moisture content.

干式直流电容器全链条国产化关键技术探讨

高性能薄膜电容器广泛应用于新能源交通工具、输变电工程、医疗救治器械和电磁脉冲武器等领域,其中干式直流电容器更是柔性直流输电的重要装备。目前薄膜电容器生产过程中从原料到重要装备完全依靠国外技术,高端薄膜电容器超净聚丙烯(PP)原料完全依赖从国外进口,加工双向拉伸BOPP薄膜和电极蒸镀等大型生产设备都是从发达国家购买,严重制约了我国薄膜电容器技术研发和工程应用,特别是在当前的复杂国际环境下带来诸多隐患,一旦国外禁止向我国出售相关原料和设备,将严重影响我国高科技领域的发展。由此,在当前复杂的国际环境和我国政府提出的“双碳”目标背景下,必须下大力气着力解决影响薄膜电容器领域发展的诸多关键因素,依靠自主技术服务于新能源系统建设。在国家重点研发计划“干式直流电容器用电介质薄膜材料”重点专项支持下,本文从薄膜电容器用电工级超净PP原料入手,探讨通过相关领域科研院所与相关企业深度合作,进行电工级超净PP原料技术攻关,解决研发验证过程中存在的问题,从全局观出发力图解决我国干式直流电容器工程应用面临的重大问题,形成我国干式直流电容器全链条国产化关键技术。

硫酸盐-干湿循环下UHPC耐久性及本构模型研究

为研究干湿循环作用下超高性能混凝土(UHPC)经不同浓度硫酸盐溶液侵蚀后的单轴压缩损伤特征及应力-应变行为,从而有效评价不同侵蚀程度下UHPC的力学性能,对四组UHPC试件进行了硫酸盐和干湿循环耦合试验,证明UHPC试件的质量及立方体抗压强度随干湿循环周期发展呈先上升后下降。利用声发射(AE)系统研究了单轴压缩模式下的损伤演化,将UHPC的单轴压缩损伤过程分为了四个阶段,结果表明,应力-应变曲线的阶段性发展与声发射特征参数的趋势关联紧密,UHPC的损伤演化与声发射振幅(AEA)联系紧密。最后根据应力-应变数据建立了侵蚀损伤本构模型,该模型能够准确地反应UHPC经硫酸盐和干湿循环耦合作用后的单轴压缩损伤演化规律,可为盐碱地区混凝土结构的设计和安全运行提供参考。

海水干湿循环作用下UHTCC动态压缩性能试验研究

为研究应变率和海水干湿循环周期对超高韧性水泥基复合材料(UHTCC)动态压缩性能的影响,采用直径75 mm的分离式霍普金森压杆系统对0~120 d海水干湿循环作用后的UHTCC试件开展动态压缩试验.通过改进ZWT非线性黏弹性本构模型,提出了一种考虑海水干湿循环作用的UHTCC试件的动态本构模型.结果表明,UHTCC试件的动态抗压强度增强因子随着干湿循环周期的增加逐渐减小.在同一冲击气压下,随着干湿循环周期的增加,UHTCC试件的峰值应力和耗能先增大后减小,并分别在60和90 d时达到峰值.在相同干湿循环周期下,UHTCC试件的峰值应力、动态抗压强度增强因子和耗能均随应变率的增大而增大,表现出明显的应变率效应.改进的动态本构模型能够较好地描述海水干湿循环作用下UHTCC试件的动态压缩应力-应变关系.

超干处理对菜豆种子活力及生理生化活性的影响

本研究旨在应用硅胶干燥的方法对菜豆进行超干处理,分析其主要生理活性相关指标,以期为菜豆种子的长期储藏提供科学依据和实践参考。超干处理后,应用考马斯亮蓝G-250染色法、TTC法、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法等测定蛋白质含量、脱氢酶(ADH)含量等指标。结果表明‘将军’含水量在6.95%时,种子活力及生理指标均高于对照,而抗氧化酶的活性显著低于对照;‘紫冠’含水量在6.89%时,各项生理指标均高于对照,O2-含量下降;‘热那亚’含水量在6.15%时,发芽率最高,蛋白含量、ADH活性明显上升,O2-含量、MDA不显著。这表明适度超干处理对‘将军’种子影响较大,对‘紫冠’、和‘热那亚’影响较小或者没有影响。通过试验结果可知,超干处理对于保存菜豆种子是可行的,为菜豆种子的长期储藏奠定下基础。

超高速干气密封微织构气膜润滑特性研究

针对航天航空领域,设备超高速、高压运转,干气密封稳定性问题,依据槽型织构优化设计,提出一种槽底微织构螺旋槽干气密封结构,以解决密封在超高速旋转过程中气膜稳定性问题。基于气体润滑理论,建模、划分网格,再导入FLUENT软件对流场进行仿真模拟;改变工况参数和槽型结构参数后,在超高速、高压工况下,相比于普通螺旋槽,槽底微织构螺旋槽干气密封的动压效果有显著提升。结果表明,槽深h_(g)=6μm,膜厚h_(0)=2μm,微织构槽深δ=2μm、微织构槽宽取3.97 mm,微织构槽位于螺旋槽底中间位置时,槽底微织构螺旋槽相比于普通螺旋槽可产生明显的动压效应。

不同超高压处理对DFD牛肉肉色及货架期的影响

为降低DFD(dark,firm and dry)牛肉初始菌落总数,延长真空包装DFD牛肉货架期并改善肉色,以不同压力(200、400、600 MPa)配合不同加压时间(5、10 min)的超高压处理为实验组,以空白处理为对照组,测定真空包装DFD牛肉在(2±2)℃条件下贮藏0、2、4、6、8、12、16 d后的肉色、表观肉色图像、pH值、微生物和3种肌红蛋白相对含量,探究超高压处理对DFD牛肉货架期及肉色的影响,进而探寻适合DFD牛肉肉色改善和货架期延长的超高压处理条件。结果表明:超高压能显著提高DFD牛肉的亮度值、红度值和黄度值(P<0.05),增加氧合肌红蛋白的相对含量,降低高铁肌红蛋白的相对含量,但过高压力(600 MPa)会使DFD牛肉呈现粉红色;超高压处理能显著降低DFD牛肉初始菌落总数(P<0.05),200 MPa(5、10 min)处理组使DFD牛肉初始菌落总数降低0.6、0.8(lg(CFU/g)),400 MPa(5、10 min)处理组降低1.1、1.3(lg(CFU/g)),600 MPa(5、10 min)处理组降低1.7、2.0(lg(CFU/g)),有效抑制了微生物在贮藏期间的生长;对照组在12 d时已腐败,200 MPa处理组在16 d时达到腐败限值,而冷藏16 d,400、600 MPa处理组均未腐败;400 MPa是有效改善DFD牛肉肉色、延长其货架期的最适压力,保压时间的延长对肉色和货架期的影响不显著(P>0.05)。综合考虑,400 MPa-10 min是超高压处理DFD牛肉的最适参数,能改善DFD牛肉肉色,同时将货架期至少延长5 d以上。

新型环保无碳中间包干式料的研究与应用

采用新型无碳结合剂取代酚醛树脂研制出一种新型环保无碳干式料,并研究了无碳结合剂加入量对干式料性能的影响。结果表明:偏硅酸盐加入量为8%时,干式料综合性能较为优异。引入橄榄砂能够有效降低干式料热膨胀性能及烧结性能,但是抗渣性能较镁质材料略差。研制的环保无碳干式料可以满足钢厂浇注超低碳钢的使用要求,不会使钢水增碳,环境友好,弥补了树脂结合干式料在低碳、环保方面的不足。

超细碳酸氢钠干粉灭火剂灭火性能评价

采用球磨工艺制备了碳酸氢钠超细干粉灭火剂,基于正交实验法研究了球磨转速、球磨时间、球料比(质量比)对干粉灭火剂粒径和临界灭火质量浓度的影响,优化了制备工艺。结果表明:随着球磨转速和球料比的增加,灭火剂D90粒径和临界灭火质量浓度呈下降趋势,随着球磨时间的增加,D90粒径和临界灭火质量浓度呈先下降后增加的趋势;灭火剂粒径和临界灭火质量浓度存在线性相关性,相关系数达到了0.95;球磨转速对粒径和临界灭火质量浓度的影响最显著,其次是球料比和球磨时间;当球磨转速为500 r·min^(-1)、球磨时间为40 min、球料比为1.2时,超细干粉灭火剂的D90粒径为17μm,临界灭火质量浓度为21.7 g·m^(-3),表现出较好的灭火性能。

北京艺术中心自动灭火系统与装饰设计结合及实施的探讨

建筑物自动灭火系统作为消防设施的核心组成部分,起着至关重要的作用,其布置的恰当与否直接影响控火灭火效率。基于北京艺术中心项目,介绍如何将设计自动灭火系统与装饰设计结合及实施,以确保建筑物的安全性和可持续发展。

采用纳米氧化铝制备高弹性模量超高性能混凝土的可行性研究

纳米材料具有粒径小、比表面积大、化学活性高等独特性能,能够提升水泥基材料的力学性能和在恶劣环境下的耐久性,在水泥基材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。弹性模量是超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的重要力学参数之一。虽然目前UHPC的抗压强度得到了大幅提升,但是其弹性模量并未随抗压强度同幅度增长。为了探究采用纳米氧化铝(NA)制备高弹性模量UHPC的可行性,本工作利用MAA (Modified Andreasen and Andersen)模型设计UHPC初始配合比,研究不同掺量的NA对UHPC工作性能、力学性能和耐久性能的影响。此外,本工作还探究了NA对UHPC微观孔结构和微观力学性能的影响。研究表明:(1)NA能使UHPC的28 d抗折强度、抗压强度、弹性模量分别提高8.23%~16.31%、8.04%~26.39%、9.44%~16.55%;(2)NA能使UHPC的干缩、氯离子迁移系数分别降低2.54%~13.01%、8.21%~17.28%;(3)NA能够优化UHPC的孔结构,提高其浆体弹性模量;(4)综合考虑NA对UHPC工作性能、力学性能和耐久性能的影响,NA在UHPC中的优选掺量为1.0%。本工作的研究结果对利用NA制备高弹性模量的UHPC具有指导意义。