New generation thermo-mechanical control process（TMCP） based on ultra-fast cooling is being widely adopted in plate mill to product high-performance steel material at low cost. Ultra-fast cooling system is complex b...New generation thermo-mechanical control process（TMCP） based on ultra-fast cooling is being widely adopted in plate mill to product high-performance steel material at low cost. Ultra-fast cooling system is complex because of optimizing the temperature control error generated by heat transfer mathematical model and process parameters. In order to simplify the system and improve the temperature control precision in ultra-fast cooling process, several existing models of case-based reasoning（CBR） model are reviewed. Combining with ultra-fast cooling process, a developed R5 CBR model is proposed, which mainly improves the case representation, similarity relation and retrieval module. Certainty factor is defined in semantics memory unit of plate case which provides not only internal data reliability but also product performance reliability. Similarity relation is improved by defined power index similarity membership function. Retrieval process is simplified and retrieval efficiency is improved apparently by windmill retrieval algorithm. The proposed CBR model is used for predicting the case of cooling strategy and its capability is superior to traditional process model. In order to perform comprehensive investigations on ultra-fast cooling process, different steel plates are considered for the experiment. The validation experiment and industrial production of proposed CBR model are carried out, which demonstrated that finish cooling temperature（FCT） error is controlled within±25℃ and quality rate of product is more than 97%. The proposed CBR model can simplify ultra-fast cooling system and give quality performance for steel product.展开更多
The microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon bainite high strength steel plate were studied via different cooling paths at the pilot scale. There was a significant increase in mechanical properties, and ...The microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon bainite high strength steel plate were studied via different cooling paths at the pilot scale. There was a significant increase in mechanical properties, and notably, the yield strength, tensile strength, and toughness at-40 ℃ for the tested steel processed by ultra-fast cooling were 126 MPa, 98 MPa and 69 J, respectively, in relation to steel processed by accelerated cooling. The ultra-fast cooling rate not only refined the microstructure, precipitates, and martensiteaustenite（M/A） islands, but also contributed to the refinement of microstructure in thick plates. The large size M/A constituents formed at lower cooling rate experienced stress concentration and were potential sites for crack initiation, which led to deterioration of low-temperature impact toughness. In contrast, the acicular ferrite and lath bainite with high fraction of high-angle grain boundaries were formed in steel processed by ultra-fast cooling, which retarded cleavage crack propagation.展开更多
Slot nozzle and intensive nozzle can be used in ultra fast cooling equipment. The spray cooling method with higher water pressure can be taken in order to achieve ultra fast cooling for hot rolled strip. Water will be...Slot nozzle and intensive nozzle can be used in ultra fast cooling equipment. The spray cooling method with higher water pressure can be taken in order to achieve ultra fast cooling for hot rolled strip. Water will be diffused after it is sprayed out from ultra fast cooling nozzle. Spray diffusivity will affect water velocity and penetrability of water into residual water layer on top of the strip,and then it will affect strip cooling effect. Water spraying process can be simulated by Fluent and some conclusions were obtained. Slot nozzle width and outlet velocity within setting range could not affect the length of potential core zone and the spray diffusivity. Intensive nozzle diameter and outlet velocity will affect the length of potential core zone and the spray diffusivity with different extent. These conclusions will provide referenced role for confirming ultra fast cooling nozzle size and distance between ultra fast cooling nozzle and hot rolled strip.展开更多
Ultra fast cooling（UFC） processing after hot deformation was conducted on X70 and X80 linepipe steels. Tensile and charpy impact properties of both steels have been investigated in this work. The results have shown ...Ultra fast cooling（UFC） processing after hot deformation was conducted on X70 and X80 linepipe steels. Tensile and charpy impact properties of both steels have been investigated in this work. The results have shown that the mechanical properties satisfy all the standard requirements of the X70 and X80 steels. UFC results in a presence of microstructure containing quasi polygonal（QF）, acicular ferrite（AF） and granular bainite（GB）. The alloying elements and UFC enhance the strengthening contribution caused by solid solution, dispersion, dislocation and precipitation strengthening. The size and distribution of precipitates in the linepipe steels are fine and dispersed. MA is also homogeneously dispersed due to UFC. Average grain size in the X80 steel is finer than that in the X70 steel. The volume fractions of secondary phases in the X80 steel are greater than those in the X70 steel. The X80 steel remains finer and more dispersed precipitates compared to the X70 steel. As a result, the tensile properties of X80 steel are higher than those of X70 steel. The Charpy absorbed energies of X70 and X80 steels at-10 ℃ reached 436 and 460 J, respectively. They reached 433 and 461 J at-15 ℃, respectively. This is mainly attributed to the presence of larger amounts of AFs in the X80 steel. A microstructure of AF for the X80 steel results in combining high strength and high toughness.展开更多
Based on medium plate runout table ultra-fast cooling( UFC)-accelerated cooling equipment( ACC) system,a heat transfer coefficient model was constructed. Firstly,according to the measured data,heat transfer coefficien...Based on medium plate runout table ultra-fast cooling( UFC)-accelerated cooling equipment( ACC) system,a heat transfer coefficient model was constructed. Firstly,according to the measured data,heat transfer coefficients under different roll speed and water volume were calculated by using an inverse heat conduction method. Secondly,a monofactorial heat transfer coefficient calculation formula was obtained. Finally,the heat transfer coefficient model based on medium plate runout table UFC-ACC system was constructed by intercept function,slope function,interaction influence function and linear or nonlinear influencing factors. The precision of these models was validated by comparing model prediction value with measured data,and the results were in good agreement with practical needs,and the average deviation was less than 5%.展开更多
The ultra-fast cooling technology of large section bars and the microstrueture for different cooling patterns were studied by optical microscope, transmission electron microscope and energy spectrometer. The results i...The ultra-fast cooling technology of large section bars and the microstrueture for different cooling patterns were studied by optical microscope, transmission electron microscope and energy spectrometer. The results indicated that the large section bars were passed through the zone of secondary carbide precipitation quickly by ultra-fast cooling technology （UFC） at instantaneous cooling rate of about 200 ℃/s and the finishing cooling temperature was higher than Ms. The lamellar spacing of pearlite decreased and the microhardness increased with decreasing the rereddening temperature. The precipitation of network carbide was restrained when re-reddening temperature was 690 ℃. And fine laminated pearlite was obtained through transformation of pseudopearlition that induced the reduction of the diameter of pearlite grain and refinement of the lamellar spacing of pearlite, so ideal microstructures of promoting spheroidizing annealing were obtained.展开更多
Ultra-fast cooling （UFC） is an advanced technology in hot rolling field. Through this technology, great changes on the run-out table are produced in the strip cooling process. In order to adapt to these changes, a n...Ultra-fast cooling （UFC） is an advanced technology in hot rolling field. Through this technology, great changes on the run-out table are produced in the strip cooling process. In order to adapt to these changes, a new gen-eration of hot strip cooling control system after rolling was developed based on the UFC basic principle. The system can not only accomplish temperature of UFC delivery side, coiling temperature, cooling rate, etc, and multi-objective accuracy control, but also offer more flexibility and new attractive possibilities in terms of cooling pattern on the run-out table, which could be of prime importance for the production of some difficult steels. In addition, through the time-velocity-distance （TVD） profile prediction combined with speed feed-forward control and coiling temperature feedback control, the coiling temperature control precision can be effectively improved during accelerative rolling in the system. At present, the system has been successfully used in the conventional strip production line and CSP short process production line, and its application effect is perfect.展开更多
Temperature deviation between surface and the center of hot rolled strip is formed during ultra-fast cooling （UFC）. Surface temperature would rise when temperature deviation goes up to an extent, and strip re-redden...Temperature deviation between surface and the center of hot rolled strip is formed during ultra-fast cooling （UFC）. Surface temperature would rise when temperature deviation goes up to an extent, and strip re-reddening phenomenon will appear. Strip re-reddening affects the stability of strip microstructure, property and temperature control precision. Thus, it is necessary to conduct research on re-reddening temperature changing law to improve strip property and temperature control precision. Strip temperature trends for various strip thicknesses and ultra-fast cooling rates were obtained by numerical calculation method. Re-reddening temperature, temperature deviation between surface and center, and boundary layer position changing law were obtained. By comparison, some conclusions were obtained： UFC re-reddening temperature and laminar cooling （LC） re-reddening temperature were linear to ultra-fast cooling rate respectively. Ultra-fast cooling rate affected UFC re-reddening temperature greatly, but it had little effect on LC re-reddening temperature. Equations which were used to calculate UFC re-reddening temperature, LC re-reddening temperature and maximum temperature deviation were obtained. The position of boundary layer stayed in 1/4 strip thickness.展开更多
基金Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program,Grant No.2010CB630801)
文摘New generation thermo-mechanical control process（TMCP） based on ultra-fast cooling is being widely adopted in plate mill to product high-performance steel material at low cost. Ultra-fast cooling system is complex because of optimizing the temperature control error generated by heat transfer mathematical model and process parameters. In order to simplify the system and improve the temperature control precision in ultra-fast cooling process, several existing models of case-based reasoning（CBR） model are reviewed. Combining with ultra-fast cooling process, a developed R5 CBR model is proposed, which mainly improves the case representation, similarity relation and retrieval module. Certainty factor is defined in semantics memory unit of plate case which provides not only internal data reliability but also product performance reliability. Similarity relation is improved by defined power index similarity membership function. Retrieval process is simplified and retrieval efficiency is improved apparently by windmill retrieval algorithm. The proposed CBR model is used for predicting the case of cooling strategy and its capability is superior to traditional process model. In order to perform comprehensive investigations on ultra-fast cooling process, different steel plates are considered for the experiment. The validation experiment and industrial production of proposed CBR model are carried out, which demonstrated that finish cooling temperature（FCT） error is controlled within±25℃ and quality rate of product is more than 97%. The proposed CBR model can simplify ultra-fast cooling system and give quality performance for steel product.
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51234002)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0300602)
文摘The microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon bainite high strength steel plate were studied via different cooling paths at the pilot scale. There was a significant increase in mechanical properties, and notably, the yield strength, tensile strength, and toughness at-40 ℃ for the tested steel processed by ultra-fast cooling were 126 MPa, 98 MPa and 69 J, respectively, in relation to steel processed by accelerated cooling. The ultra-fast cooling rate not only refined the microstructure, precipitates, and martensiteaustenite（M/A） islands, but also contributed to the refinement of microstructure in thick plates. The large size M/A constituents formed at lower cooling rate experienced stress concentration and were potential sites for crack initiation, which led to deterioration of low-temperature impact toughness. In contrast, the acicular ferrite and lath bainite with high fraction of high-angle grain boundaries were formed in steel processed by ultra-fast cooling, which retarded cleavage crack propagation.
基金State"1025"Science and Technology Support Projects,China(No.2012BAF04B01)
文摘Slot nozzle and intensive nozzle can be used in ultra fast cooling equipment. The spray cooling method with higher water pressure can be taken in order to achieve ultra fast cooling for hot rolled strip. Water will be diffused after it is sprayed out from ultra fast cooling nozzle. Spray diffusivity will affect water velocity and penetrability of water into residual water layer on top of the strip,and then it will affect strip cooling effect. Water spraying process can be simulated by Fluent and some conclusions were obtained. Slot nozzle width and outlet velocity within setting range could not affect the length of potential core zone and the spray diffusivity. Intensive nozzle diameter and outlet velocity will affect the length of potential core zone and the spray diffusivity with different extent. These conclusions will provide referenced role for confirming ultra fast cooling nozzle size and distance between ultra fast cooling nozzle and hot rolled strip.
基金Funded by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of of China(863 Program)(No.2015AA03A501)Shenyang City Application Basic Research Project(No.F13-316-1-15)the State Key Laboratory Opening Project of Northeastern University(No.12SYS05)
文摘Ultra fast cooling（UFC） processing after hot deformation was conducted on X70 and X80 linepipe steels. Tensile and charpy impact properties of both steels have been investigated in this work. The results have shown that the mechanical properties satisfy all the standard requirements of the X70 and X80 steels. UFC results in a presence of microstructure containing quasi polygonal（QF）, acicular ferrite（AF） and granular bainite（GB）. The alloying elements and UFC enhance the strengthening contribution caused by solid solution, dispersion, dislocation and precipitation strengthening. The size and distribution of precipitates in the linepipe steels are fine and dispersed. MA is also homogeneously dispersed due to UFC. Average grain size in the X80 steel is finer than that in the X70 steel. The volume fractions of secondary phases in the X80 steel are greater than those in the X70 steel. The X80 steel remains finer and more dispersed precipitates compared to the X70 steel. As a result, the tensile properties of X80 steel are higher than those of X70 steel. The Charpy absorbed energies of X70 and X80 steels at-10 ℃ reached 436 and 460 J, respectively. They reached 433 and 461 J at-15 ℃, respectively. This is mainly attributed to the presence of larger amounts of AFs in the X80 steel. A microstructure of AF for the X80 steel results in combining high strength and high toughness.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51104045)
文摘Based on medium plate runout table ultra-fast cooling( UFC)-accelerated cooling equipment( ACC) system,a heat transfer coefficient model was constructed. Firstly,according to the measured data,heat transfer coefficients under different roll speed and water volume were calculated by using an inverse heat conduction method. Secondly,a monofactorial heat transfer coefficient calculation formula was obtained. Finally,the heat transfer coefficient model based on medium plate runout table UFC-ACC system was constructed by intercept function,slope function,interaction influence function and linear or nonlinear influencing factors. The precision of these models was validated by comparing model prediction value with measured data,and the results were in good agreement with practical needs,and the average deviation was less than 5%.
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(50334010)
文摘The ultra-fast cooling technology of large section bars and the microstrueture for different cooling patterns were studied by optical microscope, transmission electron microscope and energy spectrometer. The results indicated that the large section bars were passed through the zone of secondary carbide precipitation quickly by ultra-fast cooling technology （UFC） at instantaneous cooling rate of about 200 ℃/s and the finishing cooling temperature was higher than Ms. The lamellar spacing of pearlite decreased and the microhardness increased with decreasing the rereddening temperature. The precipitation of network carbide was restrained when re-reddening temperature was 690 ℃. And fine laminated pearlite was obtained through transformation of pseudopearlition that induced the reduction of the diameter of pearlite grain and refinement of the lamellar spacing of pearlite, so ideal microstructures of promoting spheroidizing annealing were obtained.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science and Technology Support Program in 12th Five-Year Plan of China ( 2012BAF04B01 )
文摘Ultra-fast cooling （UFC） is an advanced technology in hot rolling field. Through this technology, great changes on the run-out table are produced in the strip cooling process. In order to adapt to these changes, a new gen-eration of hot strip cooling control system after rolling was developed based on the UFC basic principle. The system can not only accomplish temperature of UFC delivery side, coiling temperature, cooling rate, etc, and multi-objective accuracy control, but also offer more flexibility and new attractive possibilities in terms of cooling pattern on the run-out table, which could be of prime importance for the production of some difficult steels. In addition, through the time-velocity-distance （TVD） profile prediction combined with speed feed-forward control and coiling temperature feedback control, the coiling temperature control precision can be effectively improved during accelerative rolling in the system. At present, the system has been successfully used in the conventional strip production line and CSP short process production line, and its application effect is perfect.
基金Sponsored by State"1025"Science and Technology Support Projects of China(2012BAF04B01)
文摘Temperature deviation between surface and the center of hot rolled strip is formed during ultra-fast cooling （UFC）. Surface temperature would rise when temperature deviation goes up to an extent, and strip re-reddening phenomenon will appear. Strip re-reddening affects the stability of strip microstructure, property and temperature control precision. Thus, it is necessary to conduct research on re-reddening temperature changing law to improve strip property and temperature control precision. Strip temperature trends for various strip thicknesses and ultra-fast cooling rates were obtained by numerical calculation method. Re-reddening temperature, temperature deviation between surface and center, and boundary layer position changing law were obtained. By comparison, some conclusions were obtained： UFC re-reddening temperature and laminar cooling （LC） re-reddening temperature were linear to ultra-fast cooling rate respectively. Ultra-fast cooling rate affected UFC re-reddening temperature greatly, but it had little effect on LC re-reddening temperature. Equations which were used to calculate UFC re-reddening temperature, LC re-reddening temperature and maximum temperature deviation were obtained. The position of boundary layer stayed in 1/4 strip thickness.
