Strengthening of HT250 by modified ultra-fine ceramic powders

In this study, three kinds of modified ultra-fine ceramic powders marked A, B and C, which were prepared by each of three different modifiers mixing with a commercial SiC, were added to HT250 cast iron, respectively, and the effects of the modified ultra-fine ceramic powders on microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance were studied. Metallographic examination, tensile test, scanning electron microscopy, and three-dimensional surface topography were applied to analyze and compare the samples containing modified powder with the original samples. The results showed that the most obvious modification effect among the powders was seen in the sample containing powder A, with the graphite and eutectic cells being refined, the tensile strength being increased by 36.9%, and the wear resistance being improved by 45.5% and 47.2% under loads of 150 N and 300 N, respectively. The improvements of mechanical properties and wear resistance in the HT250 cast iron with the modified ultra-fine ceramic powders were attributed to the synergistic effect of the grain refinement with the powder acting as a hard particle phase and the lubrication by the graphite.

Preparation technology of ultra-fine powders of Auricularia auricular

Conventional mechanical method and mechanical method combined with vacuum freeze-drying technology were used to make the ultra-fine powders of edible fungus (Auricularia auricular). The content of basic nutrients, amino acid, micro structure and their properties of raw edible fungus and the edible fungus powders obtained with the two methods were analyzed and compared. The granularity size and micro-structure of the pulverized samples were analyzed by SEM and TEM technology. The average granularity size of the edible fungus powder obtained with mechanical method was 1–5 μm, while that obtained with mechanical method combined with vacuum freeze-drying process was 0.5–1 μm. The ultra-fine powders of edible fungus obtained with the two methods had better water recovery capability and quality, and their preserving time was longer than that of raw edible fungus. All the properties of the ultra-fine powders of edible fungus obtained with the vacuum freeze-drying technology were evidently superior to that of the conventional mechanical method. Keywords Auricularia auricula - Edible fungus - Ultra-fine powders - Vacuum freeze-drying CLC number TS205 Document code B Biography: YANG Chun-yu (1975), female, Ph. D. in Engineering Technology Center of Forestry and Wood Workine, Machinery, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Zhu Hong

Preparation of ultra-fine fibrous Fe-Ni alloy powder by coordinated co-precipitation-direct reduction process

The precursor prepared by coordinated co-precipitation was direct reduced by hydrogen to ultra-fine fibrous Fe-Ni alloy powder. The effects of concentrations of reactants, pH value, reaction temperature and additive on the preparation of precursor were systematically investigated. The structures, thermal decomposition processes and morphologies of the precursors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravity-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and scanning electron microscoy (SEM). The results show that using 2% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (in mass fraction) as additive, a well-dispersed precursor with a uniform morphology can be obtained in a solution with Fe2+ and Ni2+ total concentration (1:1) of 0.8 mol/L, pH value of 6.2 at 60 °C, and a pure and well dispersed fibrous iron-nickel powder can be prepared by direct reduction of this precursor in a mixed atmosphere of nitrogen and hydrogen at the temperature of 420 °C.

Optimal Conditions for Preparing Ultra-Fine CeO_2 Powders in A Submerged Circulative Impinging Stream Reactor

Cerium carbonate powders were produced in a submerged circulation impinging stream reactor （SCISR） from Ce（NO3）3· 6H2O. NH4HCO3 was used as a precipitant in the reaction. Cerium carbonate powders were roasted to produce ultra-fine cerium dioxide （CeO2） powders. The optimal conditions of such production process were obtained by orthogonal and one-factor experiments. The results showed that ultra-fine and narrowly distributed cerium carbonate powders were produced under the optimal flowing conditions. The concentrations of Ce（NO3）3 and NH4HCO3 solutions were 02,5 and 0.3 mol · L^-1, respectively. The concentration of PEG4000 added in these two solutions was 4 g · L^-1. The stirring ratio, reaction temperature, feeding time, solution pH, reaction time and digestion time were 900 r · min^- 1,80 ℃, 20 min, 5 - 6, 5 min and 1 h, respectively. The final product, CeO2 powders, was obtained by roasting the produced cerium carbonate in air for 3 h at 500 ℃. The finally produced CeO2 powders were torispherical particles with a narrow size distribution of 0.8 -2.5 μm. The crystal structure of CeO2 powders belonged to cubic crystal system and its space point 5 group was OH^5-FM3M. Under optimal conditions, powders produced by SCISR were finer and more narrowly distributed than that by Stirred Tank Reactor （STR）.

DYNAMIC RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF POLYPROPYLENE FILLED WITH ULTRA-FINE POWDERED RUBBER PARTICLES

Dynamic rheological characteristics of polypropylene (PP) filled with ultra-fine full-vulcanized powdered rubber (UFPR) composed of styrene-butadiene copolymer were studied through dynamic rheological measurements on an Advanced Rheometric Expansion System (ARES). A specific viscoelastic phenomenon, i.e. 'the second plateau', appeared at low frequencies, and exhibits a certain dependence on the amount of rubber particles and the dispersion state in the matrix. This phenomenon is attributed to the formation of aggregation structure of rubber particles. The analyses of Cole-Cole diagrams of the dynamic viscoelastic functions suggest that the heterogeneity of the composites is enhanced on increasing both particle content and temperature.

An improved sodium silicate binder modified by ultra-fine powder materials

This paper presents a new method of modifying sodium silicate binder with ultra-fine powders. The sodium silicate binder modified by ultra-fine powder A and the organic B can reduce the addition amount of the binder. The results indicate that the 24 h strength has increased by 39.9% at room temperature and the residual strength has decreased by 30.7% at 800℃, compared to the conventional sodium silicate. An available material to improve the moisture resistance was also found by adding about 2% more inorganic C, and it can increase the moist strength by 20%. In the end, the microanalyses are given to explain the modifying machanism, i. e., the ultra-fine powder A can refine the sodium silicate binder to avoid holes in the binder bond, which can increase the 24 h strength at room temperture, and can lead to more cracks in the bond after the molding sand is heated to 800℃. This is because of the stress caused by the new eutectic complex of modified sodium silicate binder.

Fabrication of Ni_3Al by hot pressing from element powders

Ni3Al intermetaUic was synthesized by hot pressing from element powders of nickel, aluminum, and boron. The influences of parameters on the properties of Ni3Al were investigated. The parameters include the particle size of nickel powder, adding or without boron powder, hot pressing temperature, etc. The properties include the density of hot-pressed samples, resultant redo of Ni3A1 phase, and bending strength. The microstructures of hot-pressed samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scan electronic microscopy, and the properties, such as density and bending strength, were also measured. The results show that a higher bending strength was obtained under the same hot pressing conditions by the fine nickel powder than the coarse one, and there is little difference about density. Boron powder added in this process accelerates the formation of Ni3Al and markedly increases the hot pressed density. In the temperature range of this study, the density increases along with the hot pressing temperature. Full dense Ni3Al samples were obtained under the condition of 860℃, 10 min, 45 MPa from Ni-22.89A1-0.5B powder.

Ni-Mo-Y-Gr复合材料的制备及其在宽温域条件下的摩擦学性能

采用放电等离子烧结技术制备了Ni-Mo-Y-Gr(石墨烯)自润滑复合材料,通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、拉曼及高温摩擦实验机对复合材料的微观组织、成分、力学性能及摩擦磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明:Ni-Mo-Y-Gr复合材料的组织均匀致密,随着石墨烯含量的增加,复合材料的密度、硬度及屈服强度呈下降趋势,实际密度大于计算理论密度,即复合材料制备过程中发生了冶金熔合与固溶;Ni-Mo-Y-Gr复合材料在室温至600℃范围内具有较低的摩擦系数及磨损率,表明其具有较好的摩擦学性能;在室温、200和400℃时石墨烯起到了良好的润滑作用,在600℃时的主要润滑相为石墨烯、NiO、MoO2、MoO3和NiMoO_(4);在800℃时形成NiMoO_(4)及镍钼的氧化物,难以形成完整、有效的润滑层,从而使复合材料的摩擦学性能有所下降。

Hot Hydrostatic Extrusion of Mechanically Alloyed Al-4.9Fe-4.9Ni Powders

Al-4.9 Fe-4.9 Ni alloy powders have been synthesized by mechanical alloying. The rnechanically alloyed powders are consolidated by hot hydrostatic extrusion. The results show that extrusion tempereture. extrusion ratio and lubricant have great effects on the quality of extruded rods and their mechanical properties, The mixture of graphite and glass powders as lubricant can prevent the oxidization of cold compacted billet by cladding the billet with this lubricant before heating. This technique greatly simplifies the conventional densification process of powders

Hydrogen Reduction:A Novel Method of Synthesizing Ultra-fine Chromic Oxide Powder

The ultra-fine chromic oxide powder was prepared by a novel gas-solid reduction reaction.Na2CrO4 was firstly reduced with hydrogen at 400-600 ℃.The obtained reduction products,mainly the mixture of NaCrO2 and sodium hydroxide（NaOH）,were converted into chromic oxide through hydrolysis followed by calcination.The obtained chromic oxide product was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction（XRD） and SEM.The results show that the hydrolysis process of sodium chromite is the key step and lower reduction temperature helps intensify the hydrolysis process.

粉末锻造Al_(2)O_(3)颗粒增强Fe–Ni–Mo–C–Cu复合材料的组织与性能

通过粉末锻造技术制备了不同含量微米级Al_(2)O_(3)颗粒强化的Fe–Ni–Mo–C–Cu(Q61)复合材料,并对调质态和淬火态复合材料的组织和性能进行了研究。结果表明:当Al_(2)O_(3)质量分数为0.15%时,增强颗粒在基体内分布均匀;相较于同种状态下不添加增强颗粒的单一Q61,调质态复合材料的硬度从HRC 38增至HRC 39.8,屈服强度从1106 MPa增至1121 MPa,延伸率从12%降至6.5%;淬火态复合材料的硬度从HRC 61.5增至HRC 63.2,磨损率从5.27×10^(-6)mm^(3)·m^(-1)·N^(-1)降至3.08×10^(-6)mm^(3)·m^(-1)·N^(-1),低于对比试验用的典型齿轮材料40Cr的磨损率(3.34×10^(-6)mm^(3)·m^(-1)·N^(-1))。当Al_(2)O_(3)质量分数大于0.15%时,Al_(2)O_(3)颗粒逐渐偏聚,虽然调质态下复合材料屈服强度仍继续小幅增加,但塑性严重退化,且淬火态复合材料磨损率增加,耐磨性变差。综合来看,添加0.15%Al_(2)O_(3)颗粒强化Q61复合材料在调质态下具有较高的综合力学性能,而在淬火态下表现出良好的抗摩擦磨损能力。

EFFECT OF MILLING INTENSITY ON STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF MIXED Al－Fe－Ni POWDERS IN MECHANICAL ALLOYING PROCESS

ＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＭＩＬＬＩＮＧＩＮＴＥＮＳＩＴＹＯＮＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＡＬＣＨＡＮＧＥＳＯＦＭＩＸＥＤＡｌ－Ｆｅ－ＮｉＰＯＷＤＥＲＳＩＮＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＣＡＬＡＬＬＯＹＩＮＧＰＲＯＣＥＳＳ￥ＬｉｕＺｕｙａｎ；ＬｉａｎｇＧｕｏｘｉａｎ；ＷａｎｇＥｒｄｅ（Ｓ...

Preparation of Ultra-fine Salbutamol Sulfate Particles by Reactive Precipitation and Characterization of Dry Powder Inhalant

The preparation of ultra-fine particles of salbutamol sulphate （SS） was accomplished with a reactive precipitation pathway, in which salbutamol and sulphuric acid were Used as reactants with the solvents of ethanol.The effects of sulphuric acid concentration, reaction temperature, stirring rate, and reaction time onthesize of the particle were investigated. A binary mixture composed of lactose and SS was prepared to evaluate SS. The results showed that ultra-fine SS particles with controlled diameters ranging between 3 μm and 0.8 μm and with a narrow distribution could be achieved. The morphology consisting of clubbed particles wassuccess.fully obtained. The purity of the particles reached above 98% with-UV detection. The dose- of dry powder inhalation was obtained by blending the particles with recrystallized lactose, which acted as a carrier. The deposition quantity of the drug in breathing tract was estimated using a twin imPinger apparatus. Compared with the Shapuer powder （purchased in the market）, the results showed that SS_particles had more quantifies.subsided in simulative lung.. _

Electrodeposition of La-Ni Alloy Powders in Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)

The brown metallic luster La-Ni alloy powders were prepared by potentiostatic electrolysis technique in dimethylsulfoxide solution at room temperature. The atomic rate of La and Ni in alloy powders are 11∶1 and 10∶1. The size of metal grains is about 0.1 to 100 μm. It shows that the micrometer powders of rare earth alloys can be obtained by controlling electrodeposition conditions. The peak potentials of -2.81 and 1.75 V are attributed to reduction of La 3+ and Ni 3+ ions, respectively. The peak potentials at -2.20 and -0.168 V are the oxidation peaks of lanthanum and nickel, respectively. When potential is more negative than -1.74 V, La(Ⅲ) and Ni(Ⅱ) will codeposit. Increasing cyclic times, the value of peak current is decreasing, and the reduction peak of La(Ⅲ) was finally disappeared.

Preparation of Ni/C core-shell composite powders by electroless plating method

Ni/C core-shell composite powders were prepared by electroless nickel-plating. The effects of concentration of NiSO4,bathing temperature,ratio of hydrazine hydrate to NiSO4,pH of the solution,amounts of complexing reagent and surfactant,bath load of activated carbon and reaction time,and so on,on the preparation of Ni/C core-shell composite powders were studied. The results show that the principal factors for Ni/C composite powders preparation are bathing temperature,ratio of hydrazine hydrate to NiSO4 and pH of the solution. The optimum conditions are plating at 90 ℃ with pH10.7 and molar ratio of N2H4·H2O to Ni2+of 3.0. The plated nickel powders are observed to be sphere-like in morphology with size about 100 nm. The maximum dielectric loss of Ni/C core-shell composite powders is about 0.35,and its magnetic loss was low with value about 0 in 2-16 GHz.

球墨铸铁表面激光熔覆NiCu合金的扫描路径规划

采用同轴送粉激光熔覆技术,在球墨铸铁节点套样件上制备Ni-Cu合金熔覆层对球墨铸铁节点套进行修复。在相同工艺参数的基础上,依据节点套结构特点设计了样件宽度方向A、B对半分区搭接、沿圆周单向熔覆轴向搭接和轴向往返熔覆“弓”字形搭接3种不同扫描路径。对3种不同扫描路径下激光熔覆样件的宏观形貌特征、服役界面的渗透探伤无损检测结果及金相组织、显微硬度的对比分析发现,采用沿圆周单向熔覆轴向搭接的方式得到的样件表面熔覆层无缺陷,质量佳。

Ni-WS_(2)/MoS_(2)包覆WC-12Ni粉体对HVOF涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响

以化学共沉积Ni-WS_(2)/MoS_(2)包覆WC-12Ni粉体为原料,在17-4PH不锈钢基体上制备了超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)涂层。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜对涂层组织结构进行表征,分别通过测定涂层的显微硬度、摩擦系数和磨损率,并结合粉体特征及涂层的孔隙结构分析来评价涂层摩擦学性能。实验结果表明,通过化学共沉积包覆喷涂粉体引入固体润滑剂,不仅能保证喷涂粉体的流动性,还能实现较均匀固体润滑剂掺杂,显著降低涂层孔隙率、提高致密化程度,获得低摩擦系数、低磨损率以及提高的涂层硬度和耐磨性。其中,由于WS_(2)与WC硬质合金有更好的成分相容性,WC-Ni-WS_(2)涂层的减摩耐磨性能要优于WC-Ni-MoS_(2)涂层。

多孔Ni-Cu-Ti电极的制备及析氢性能

通过电解水生产氢气是一种理想的方法,而电极材料的催化活性决定了电解水的效率。该研究通过粉末冶金方法制备了多孔Ni-Cu-Ti电极,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等技术对多孔Ni-Cu-Ti电极的微观结构和物相组成进行表征,并通过阴极极化、交流阻抗谱和循环伏安测试技术对电极进行了电化学表征。结果表明,在烧结温度为1000℃、质量比为5.5∶3.5∶1时,多孔Ni-Cu-Ti电极表现出最佳的析氢性能,在1 mol/L的KOH中仅需要79 mV(vs.RHE)的过电位就能实现10 mA·cm^(-2)的电流密度,其Tafel斜率为117.07 mV·dec-1。

Properties of diamond tool binders with fine carbonyl Ni powder additions

Fine Ni powder is often added to Co and bronze-based metal binder powders for diamond tool segments.Ni is a lower cost substitute for extra-fine Co powder and increases the toughness of Co-Fe diamond binders at the expense of lower hardness and bend strength.In bronze-based diamond binder segments,Ni increases hardness and yield strength.Several grades of Ni powder are used commercially with both Co and bronze-based diamond binders.This paper compares properties of diamond binders containing carbonyl Ni powders including standard Inco(?) T255,T123 PM and T 110 PM.Binder materials were made by ball milling or dry mixing of the fine carbonyl Ni and Fe powders with either XF Co or air atomized bronze(90/10 Cu/Sn) powders.Co-based powder blends were hot pressed at 20～35 MPa and 700℃to 900℃.Bronze-based powder blends were cold pressed and sintered at 840℃.Apparent density,apparent hardness and bend strength(TRS) were compared for different binder compositions and processing conditions.

Preparation of Well Dispersed and Ultra-Fine Ce(Zr)O_2 Mixed Oxide by Mechanochemical Processing

Ultra-fine CeO_2-ZrO_2 mixed oxide was successfully synthesized by wet-solid phase mechanochemical processing, Ce_2(CO_3)_3·8H_2O, ZrOCl_2·xH_2O and ammonia were used as reactants. It is found that the crystalline Ce_2(CO_3)_3·8H_2O and ZrOCl_2·xH_2O are changed to amorphous cerium and zirconium hydroxide precursor after milling with ammonia, and Ce_(0.15)Zr_(0.85)O_2 mixed oxide with pure tetragonal phase structure and medium particle size(D_(50))less than 1μm is formed by calcining precursor over 673 K. The XRD patterns indicate that the crystal unite size increases with rising calcining temperature due to crystal growth. However, the particle size and BET surface area of the Ce(Zr)O_2 mixed oxide decreases with rising calcining temperature, which may be attributed to the contract of particles and the vanish of holes inside grains.