Ultrahigh-Speed Lattice-Matched In_(0.53)Ga_(0.47)As/In_(0.52)Al_(0.48)As HEMTs with 218GHz Cutoff Frequency

Lattice-matched In0.5 Ga0.47 As/In0.52 Al 0.48 As high electron mobility transistors （HEMTs） with a cutoff frequency （ft） as high as 218GHz are reported. This fT is the highest value ever reported for HEMTs in China. These devices also demonstrate excellent DC characteristics：the extrinsic transconductance is 980mS/mm and the maximum current density is 870mA/mm. The material structure and all the device fabrication technology in this work were developed by our group.

Extension of high-order harmonic cutoff frequency by synthesizing the waveform of a laser field via the optimization of classical electron trajectory in the laser field

We theoretically investigate high-order harmonic generation by employing strong-field approximation （SFA） and present a new approach to the extension of the high-order harmonic cutoff frequency via an exploration of the dependence of high-order harmonic generation on the waveform of laser fields. The dependence is investigated via detailed analysis of the classical trajectories of the ionized electron moving in the continuum in the velocity-position plane. The classical trajectory consists of three sections （Acceleration Away, Deceleration Away, and Acceleration Back）, and their relationship with the electron recollision energy is investigated. The analysis of classical trajectories indicates that, besides the final （Acceleration Back） section, the electron recollision energy also relies on the previous two sections. We simultaneously optimize the waveform in all three sections to increase the electron recollision energy, and an extension of the cutoff frequency up to Ip ＋ 20.26Up is presented with a theoretically synthesized waveform of the laser field.

VARIABLE CUTOFF FREQUENCY NONLINEAR DIGITAL FILTERS: I-ONE-DIMENSION

This paper introduces the design and implementation of 1 D variable cutoff frequency (VCF) digital filters. A lowpass to highpass transformation and a lowpass to bandpass transformation for VCF infinite impulse response (IIR) filter are presented. The transformed highpass and bandpass filters are implemented in a network structure in which the cutoff frequencies are variable by adjusting single parameter.

Contact-Size-Dependent Cutoff Frequency of Bottom-Contact Organic Thin Film Transistors

The contact-size-dependent characteristic of cutoff frequency fT in bottom-contact organic thin film transistors （OTFTs） is studied. The effects of electrode thickness, field-effect mobility, channel length and gate-source voltage on the contact length （source and drain electrodes＇ length） related contact resistance of bottom-contact OTFTs are performed with a modified transmission line model. It is found that the contact resistance increases dramatically when the contact length is scaled down to 20O nm. With the help of the contact length related contact resistance, contact-size-dependent fT Of bottom-contact OTFTs is studied and it is found that fr increases with the decrease of the contact length in bottom-contact OTFTs.

Effect of ultra-low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on dysphagia in elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction and quality of life

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of ultra-low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on dysphagia in elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction and its impact on quality of life.Methods:60 elderly patients with dysphagia caused by acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into rTMS group and control group,30 cases in each group.Both groups received routine drug therapy and swallowing function training.rTMS group was additionally treated by ultra-low frequency(10mHZ)repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for 14 days.The changes of NIHSS score andADL score and NSE serum level and Wa Tian drinking water experiment and Fujishima Ichiro dysphagia scale score and SWAL-QOL score and SF-36 score were observed between the two groups before and after treatment.The clinical effect was evaluated by Wa Tian drinking water experiment.Results:After treatment,The clinical effective rate in rTMS group was significantly higher compared with that in the control group(P<0.05),NIHSS score and serum NSE level were significantly lower compared with the control group(P<0.05),ADL score and Fujishima Ichiro dysphagia score and SWAL-QOL score and SF-36 scores were significantly higher compared with the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,SF-36 total score(or SWAL-QOL Score)was negatively correlated with NSE serum level and NIHSS score,which was positively correlated with ADL score and Fujishima Ichiro dysphagia scale score score.Conclusion:Ultra-low frequency rTMS therapy can reduce NSE level,effectively improve dysphagia in elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction and significantly improve the elderly patients'life quality.

Cascaded quasi-zero stiffness nonlinear low-frequency vibration isolator inspired by human spine

Human motion induced vibration has very low frequency,ranging from 2 Hz to 5 Hz.Traditional vibration isolators are not effective in low-frequency regions due to the trade-off between the low natural frequency and the high load capacity.In this paper,inspired by the human spine,we propose a novel bionic human spine inspired quasi-zero stiffness(QZS)vibration isolator which consists of a cascaded multi-stage negative stiffness structure.The force and stiffness characteristics are investigated first,the dynamic model is established by Newton’s second law,and the isolation performance is analyzed by the harmonic balance method(HBM).Numerical results show that the bionic isolator can obtain better low-frequency isolation performance by increasing the number of negative structure stages,and reducing the damping values and external force values can obtain better low-frequency isolation performance.In comparison with the linear structure and existing traditional QZS isolator,the bionic spine isolator has better vibration isolation performance in low-frequency regions.It paves the way for the design of bionic ultra-low-frequency isolators and shows potential in many engineering applications.

Physical modeling of direct current and radio frequency characteristics for In P-based InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs

Direct current（DC） and radio frequency（RF） performances of InP-based high electron mobility transistors（HEMTs）are investigated by Sentaurus TCAD. The physical models including hydrodynamic transport model, Shockley–Read–Hall recombination, Auger recombination, radiative recombination, density gradient model and high field-dependent mobility are used to characterize the devices. The simulated results and measured results about DC and RF performances are compared, showing that they are well matched. However, the slight differences in channel current and pinch-off voltage may be accounted for by the surface defects resulting from oxidized InAlAs material in the gate-recess region. Moreover,the simulated frequency characteristics can be extrapolated beyond the test equipment limitation of 40 GHz, which gives a more accurate maximum oscillation frequency( f;) of 385 GHz.

A Simple Approach to Determine Noise Frequency of Boiler Drum Level

This paper proposed a simple approach to determine noise frequency of boiler drum level in order to improve control performance. Based on analysis of uncertainty of drum level, the redundant oscillation component of signal, noise is ascribed to the surface wave of drum water. According to the characteristic of surface wave, a new method was proposed to determine noise’s frequency band. By gradually removing the lowest frequency component of signal, the variance of remained component is calculated and observed. An apparent turning point was found and the corresponding critical frequcncy was determined. With this result a low-pass filter was designed to separate noise component. Finally validation is conducted by comparing the proposed method and conventional ones. Results show the accuracy and simpleness of the proposed method.

A high-performance electromagnetic energy harvester for scavenging ultra-low frequency vibration energy of human foot movement

In our daily lives,low-frequency kinetic energy primarily manifests as vibrations.However,effective harnessing of lowfrequency kinetic energy remains a formidable challenge.This paper proposes a rope-driven rotor that rotates around an axis and consists of an ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)wire wrapped around a metal shaft.The rotor can convert ultra-low frequency vibration/linear motion into rapid rotation by pressing the top at low frequencies and driving the rope for a quick release.The harvester can generate up to 36.25 m W power using a 0.1-mm-diameter UHMWPE wire as the rotor when periodically pressed down to 20 mm at a frequency of 1 Hz.A simple power generation floor is assembled,generating 28.58-m W power with a matching load at a frequency of 1.5 Hz.Moreover,the harvester can increase the charging voltage of a 0.47-F supercapacitor from 0 to 6.8 V within 10 min.In addition,the harvester can harvest energy through a light finger press motion,and the energy obtained can also support the continuous operation of multiple electronic devices concurrently.This study introduces an effective method for harvesting ultra-low frequency energy and has great prospects in the field of power generation floor and human movement energy harvesting.

VARIABLE CUTOFFF REQUENCY NONLINEAR DIGITAL FILTER: II-TWO-DIMENSION

A kind of novel nonlinear digital filter,2 D variable coutoff boundary (VCB) IIR low pass filter, is presented in this paper. Based on 1 D variable IIR low pass filter, two types of 2 D VCB IIR low pass filter are designed via spectral transformation. One is a separable 2 D VCB IIR low pass filter; the other is designed via all pass transformation. The cutoff boundary of such a kind of filter can be changed automatically according to the characteristics of input signals by adjusting the location of poles through error signals obtained lately.

细观尺度下表面波法检测混凝土表面裂缝深度研究

基于表面波截止频率检测混凝土表面裂缝深度是一种有效的无损检测方法。目前通常使用频率透射比法来识别截止频率,但该方法受混凝土细观结构影响较大,识别效果较差。为提高截止频率的识别精度,本文提出了多道信号相移频散分析法,开展了表面波检测均匀介质和混凝土细观模型表面裂缝深度的有限元模拟,通过对比研究频率透射比法和多道信号相移频散分析法的检测机理和识别效果,给出了截止频率的识别标准,最后分析了骨料、孔隙率和检测频率对多道信号相移频散分析法的影响。研究结果表明,多道信号相移频散分析法的识别效果较好,且不受细观结构和缝厚比的影响;骨料粒径、含量和弹性模量的变化基本不影响该方法对截止频率的有效识别;当表面波波长小于构件厚度且孔隙率不超过4%时,该方法仍具备较好的识别效果。本研究可为实际工程中混凝土表面裂缝深度的定量检测提供理论基础。

电流增益截止频率为441 GHz的InGaAs/InAlAs InP HEMT

本文设计并制作了fT>400 GHz的In_(0.53)Ga_(0.47)As/In_(0.52)Al_(0.48)As铟磷高电子迁移率晶体管(InP HEMT)。采用窄栅槽技术优化了寄生电阻。器件栅长为54.4 nm,栅宽为2×50μm。最大漏极电流IDS.max为957 mA/mm,最大跨导gm.max为1265 mS/mm。即使在相对较小的VDS=0.7 V下,电流增益截止频率fT达到了441 GHz,最大振荡频率fmax达到了299 GHz。该器件可应用于太赫兹单片集成放大器和其他电路中。

AlN/β-Ga_(2)O_(3)HEMT频率特性仿真研究

器件的频率特性影响较为复杂,本文利用Sentaurus TCAD研究了AlN势垒层厚度、栅长、栅漏间距和功函数对AlN/β-Ga_(2)O_(3)高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)频率特性的影响,得到以下结论:随着AlN势垒层厚度从10 nm增加到25 nm,截止频率(f_(T))和最高振荡频率(f_(max))分别增加了18和17 GHz,栅电容减小是f_(T)增加的主要原因,同时研究表明势垒层厚度减小有利于增强栅极对沟道电子的控制。栅长从0.9μm减小到0.1μm,f_(T)和f_(max)分别增加了84和98 GHz,其对频率特性的影响远远超过了势垒层厚度;栅长小于0.1μm时,发生短沟道效应。栅漏间距增大时,f_(T)微弱减小,在源电阻和f_(T)共同减小作用下,器件仅在栅源电压(V_(GS))大于-1.2 V时,f_(max)与f_(T)的变化趋势相同。功函数几乎不会影响器件的f_(T)和f_(max),但是功函数的增加改善了器件的夹断特性。本文研究表明,在栅长缩短的同时,增加AlN势垒层厚度、栅漏间距和功函数可以在提高频率特性的同时改善器件的夹断特性,对AlN/β-Ga_(2)O_(3) HEMT器件的设计有一定的指导意义。

Analysis of Mode Interaction in Ultra-low Frequency Oscillation Based on Trajectory Eigenvalue

Complex phenomena such as prolongedly undamped ultra-low frequency oscillation(ULFO)and eigenmode re-excitation are observed in the simulations of hydroelectric power systems.Emphases are put on nonlinearities and mode interactions,which cannot be analyzed by traditional eigen-analysis methods.In order to investigate the mechanism of the evolvement of the nonlinear dynamic process in ULFO,this paper proposes a method to analyze the mode interactions quantificationally.First,a disturbed trajectory is decoupled into a set of time-varying components.Second,transfer matrices of eigenmodes are extracted along the trajectory.Third,consecutive sequences of eigenvalues and trajectories of components are formed by a proposed technique.Based on the decoupled components and transfer matrices,the mechanisms of mode interactions and inheritance relationships between eigenmodes are analyzed.The causes and developments of the above complex phenomena are revealed by the proposed method in a test two-machine system.Meanwhile,the accuracy of the eigenmode matching technique is verified in the New England system.

Critical analysis of the ULF power depression as a possible Tohoku earthquake precursor

Among electromagnetic methods of short-term earthquake prediction,an approach is being actively developed based on the phenomenon of magnetic ultra-low-frequency(ULF)power depression occurring a few days before an earthquake.In particular,a nighttime geomagnetic power depression in the band 0.03-0.05 Hz was observed approximately 5 days before the catastrophic Tohoku 2011 earthquake.To verify the reliability of this method,we performed an extended analysis using data from magnetometer arrays JMA,MAGDAS,PWING,and INTERMAGNET.The selected stations included sites close to the epicenter(<300 km)and remote points(~10000 km).The band-integrated spectral power of nighttime magnetic noise decreased significantly from March 6-9,several days before the earthquake.However,such variations occur simultaneously not only at nearby stations but also at distant stations.During this event,the ULF power depression was caused by low global geomagnetic activity,as evidenced by the planetary index SME.Thus,the depression of geomagnetic ULF noise cannot be considered a reliable short-term precursor.

侵彻过载测试信号的数据处理方法

研究了实测侵彻过载数据分析处理方法,提出了对试验弹及测试装置进行模态分析和实测数据频谱分析相结合的方法,选择低通滤波截止频率对测试数据进行滤波,获得相应的刚体过载。用该方法对实测数据进行分析处理得到的刚体过载与柱形空腔膨胀理论(CCET)计算结果吻合较好;对滤波后的刚体过载进行积分得到的弹体侵彻速度和位移与实测结果吻合较好。

振动信号处理中数学形态滤波器频率响应特性研究

数学形态学滤波方法作为一种非线性的滤波工具拥有良好的消噪特性和低通特性,准确描述形态学滤波器特性是其应用的理论依据和前提条件。通过对给定的数学形态滤波器输入激励信号,得到了数学形态滤波器的频响特性,给出结构元素宽度与形态学组合滤波器截止频率的对应关系表。研究表明:在采样频率确定时,结构元素宽度越大,截止频率越低,截止频率随着结构元素宽度的增长而变小,并呈非线性关系。当结构元素宽度确定时,采样频率越大,截止频率越高,采样频率与截止频率成正比例变化。仿真分析表明,形态学组合滤波器具有更好的滤波效果,且具有保相的突出优点。形态学滤波器对实际故障信号的处理验证了结论的有效性。研究成果为形态学在振动信号处理中的应用提供了理论依据。

Lattice-Matched InP-Based HEMTs with T^T of 120GHz

Lattice matched InP based InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs with 120GHz cutoff frequency are reported.These devices demonstrate excellent DC characteristics:the extrinsic transconductance of 600mS/mm,the threshold voltage of -1 2V,and the maximum current density of 500mA/mm.

热声热机谐振管截止频率选择机理

通过波导管理论的推导,对热声热机中谐振管的截止频率选择机理进行研究,导出谐振管中传播一维平面波的频率传播范围,阐述热声热机谐振管中一维平面波的传播机理,即谐振管截止频率选择的理论依据。理论研究结果表明:对于同样等效直径的矩形谐振管,其截止频率远大于圆形谐振波导管的截止频率;对于等效半径为2 mm的微型热声制冷机的谐振管,当声速为343 m/s时,谐振管的截止频率为50 248 Hz,实际的工作频率5 500Hz,远小于谐振管的截止频率;在热声热机谐振波导管中只存在一维平面波传播,有利于合理布置热声热机的其他部件,达到优化热声热机的目的。

石墨烯晶体管研究进展

针对集成电路的特征尺寸小于10nm以下所面临的短沟道效应、隧道效应和制造工艺限制困难引发的研究热点——石墨烯能否替代硅,着重从数字晶体管、射频晶体管和柔性透明晶体管3个方面概括和分析了新型石墨烯晶体管的发展现状。分析认为:石墨烯平行纳米带阵列结构和异质结结构有望打开石墨烯禁带以实现大的电流开关比,将是石墨烯数字晶体管的研究热点;通过降低接触电阻、接入电阻以及衬底、栅介质的匹配来提高截止频率和最大振荡频率将是石墨烯射频晶体管的主要发展趋势;基于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)衬底和离子凝胶栅介质的柔性制造技术,最有希望在保证石墨烯高迁移率的基础之上实现全石墨烯透明柔性电路,使石墨烯晶体管得以实用,必将对集成电路行业产生巨大影响。