Past,present,and future perspectives of ultrasound-guided ablation of liver tumors:Where could artificial intelligence lead interventional oncology?

The first ablation procedures for small hepatocellular carcinomas were percutaneous ethanol injection under ultrasound(US)guidance.Later,radiofrequency ablation was shown to achieve larger coagulation areas than percutaneous ethanol injection and became the most used ablation technique worldwide.In the past decade,microwave ablation systems have achieved larger ablation areas than radiofrequency ablation,suggesting that the 3-cm barrier could be broken in the treatment of liver tumors.Likewise,US techniques to guide percutaneous ablation have seen important progress.Contrast-enhanced US(CEUS)can define and target the tumor better than US and can assess the size of the ablation area after the procedure,which allows immediate retreatment of the residual tumor foci.Furthermore,fusion imaging fuses real-time US images with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging with significant improvements in detecting and targeting lesions with low conspicuity on CEUS.Recently,software powered by artificial intelligence has been developed to allow three-dimensional segmentation and reconstruction of the anatomical structures,aiding in procedure planning,assessing ablation completeness,and targeting the residual viable foci with greater precision than CEUS.Hopefully,this could lead to the ablation of tumors up to 5-7 cm in size.

Evaluation of short-and medium-term efficacy and complications of ultrasound-guided ablation for small liver cancer

BACKGROUND To ensure clinical efficacy and prolong patient survival,treatments such as surgery and microwave ablation(MWA)are used for early liver cancer.MWA is preferred because it effectively preserves the normal liver tissue and causes transient coagulation necrosis of local liver tumor cells.However,due to technical limitations,the cancerous liver tissue cannot be completely ablated;therefore,the probability of local tumor recurrence is high.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous MWA in the treatment of small liver cancer.METHODS A total of 118 patients treated for small liver cancer in The Central Hospital of Yongzhou from January 2018 to April 2019 were selected.Sixty-six patients received ultrasound-guided percutaneous MWA(MWA group)and 52 received laparoscopic surgery(laparoscope group).The operation time,blood loss,hospital stay,and medical expenses of both groups were statistically analyzed.Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total bilirubin(TBIL),albumin(ALB),alpha fetal protein(AFP),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),and peripheral blood regulatory T lymphocytes(Treg)levels were evaluated pre-and post-operatively.The cross-sectional area of tumors measured before and after ablation was analyzed statistically;the therapeutic effect was compared between both groups in terms of surgical complications,2-year progression-free survival rate,and overall survival rate.RESULTS The operation time,blood loss,hospital stay,and medical expenses in the MWA group were lower than those of the laparoscope group,and the differences were significant(P<0.05);these parameters,and ALT,AST,TBIL,and ALB levels were compared preoperatively between both groups,and there was no significance(P>0.05).The operation time,blood loss,hospital stay,and medical expenses for 2 d and 1 wk after surgery,the ALT and AST of the MWA group were lower than those of the laparoscope group,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).The operation time,blood loss,hospital stay,and medical expenses,and serum AFP,CEA,and Treg levels were measured preoperatively and 4 and 8 wk postoperatively,and there were no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05).Compared with preoperative levels,serum AFP,CEA,and Treg levels in both groups were decreased(P<0.05).The lesion in the MWA group had a maximum area of 4.86±0.90 cm2,1.24±0.57 cm2,and 0.31±0.11 cm2 preoperatively,1 and 3 mo postoperatively,respectively.Fifty-eight of them achieved complete response and eight achieved a partial response.After 2 years of followup,the progression-free and overall survival rates in the MWA group were 37.88%and 66.67%,respectively,compared with 44.23%and 76.92%in the laparoscope group,with no significant difference(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The effects of ultrasound-guided percutaneous MWA in the treatment of small liver cancer are similar to those of laparoscopic surgery.However,ablation causes less trauma and liver dysfunction.

Efficacy and safety of B-ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of primary liver cancer: Systematic review and metaanalysis

BACKGROUND Primary liver cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies in the world.Tradi-tional treatment methods have limitations in terms of efficacy and safety.Ra-diofrequency ablation(RFA)guided by B-ultrasound,as a minimally invasive treatment,has attracted increasing attention in the treatment of primary liver cancer in recent years.AIM To study the efficacy and safety of RFA were compared with those of traditional surgery(TS)for treating small liver cancer.METHODS At least 2 people were required to search domestic and foreign public databases,including foreign databases such as EMBASE,PubMed and the Cochrane Library,and Chinese databases such as the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database,China Biomedical Literature database,Wanfang database and VIP database.Controlled trials of RFA vs conventional surgery for small liver cancer were retrieved from January 2008 to January 2023.They were screened and eva-luated according to the quality evaluation criteria in the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews.The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 soft-ware.RESULTS A total of 10 studies were included in this study,including 1503 patients in the RFA group and 1657 patients in the surgery group.The results of the meta-ana-lysis showed that there was no significant difference in 1-year overall survival between the two groups(P>0.05),while the 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates and 1-year,3-year and 5-year tumor-free survival rates in the surgery group were greater than those in the RFA group(P<0.05).In terms of complications,the incidence of complications in the RFA group was lower than that in the surgery group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION In terms of long-term survival,TS is better than RFA for small liver cancer patients.However,RFA has fewer complications and is safer.

TRIPLET combined with microwave ablation:A novel treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

This editorial comments on a study by Zuo et al.The focus is on the efficacy of he-patic arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with camrelizumab and apatinib(the TRIPLET regimen),alongside microwave ablation therapy,in treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The potential application of this combination therapy for patients with advanced HCC is evaluated.

Ultrasound-guided microwave ablation for symptomatic adenomyosis:More areas of concern for more uniform and promising outcomes

Adenomyosis is a common gynecological disease in reproductive women,which causes serious dysmenorrhea,menorrhagia,anemia,and infertility,and has a serious impact on the physical and mental health of women.Considering that the efficacy of the traditional medication and surgical treatment is not ideal,an increasing number of patients are searching for more effective and less invasive therapies.Ultrasound(US)-guided microwave ablation(MWA)has emerged as a new effective and minimally invasive alternative treatment for symptomatic adenomyosis,and it is widely being used in clinical settings.Several studies have proven that it is an efficient and safe treatment modality for symptomatic adenomyosis,but a significant variance in clinical outcomes reported in previous studies was also observed.Herein,we have analyzed the potential causes of this problem from the aspects of the diagnosis of adenomyosis,symptom evaluation before ablation,steps of USguided ablation treatment,and outcome evaluation after ablation.Simultaneously,the clinical problems existing in the ablation treatment of adenomyosis are discussed,and the directions of future research are pointed out.

Practice guidelines for ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for hepatic malignancy

Primary liver cancer and liver metastases are among the most frequent malignancies worldwide,with an increasing number of new cases and deaths every year.Traditional surgery is only suitable for a limited proportion of patients and imaging-guided percutaneous thermal ablation has achieved optimistic results for management of hepatic malignancy.This synopsis outlines the first clinical practice guidelines for ultrasoundguided percutaneous microwave ablation therapy for hepatic malignancy,which was created by a joint task force of the Society of Chinese Interventional Ultrasound.The guidelines aim at standardizing the microwave ablation procedure and therapeutic efficacy assessment,as well as proposing the criteria for the treatment candidates.

Treatment of hepatic cysts by B-ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation

BACKGROUND: The traditional therapy for hepatic cysts has limited success because of recrudescence. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has become popular because of its advantages including little damage, therapeutic effect and reduced suffering. This report describes the effects and reliability of RFA in the treatment of 29 patients with hepatic cysts. METHODS: B-ultrasound-guided REA was used to treat hepatic mono-cyst or multi-cysts of 29 patients (63 tumors). Ablative efficiency and complications were assessed by imaging and clinical symptoms. RESULTS: The tumors were abated completely in 34 cysts with a diameter <5 cm and no recurrence was seen after 3 months. In 21 cysts with a diameter of 5-10 cm, tumor volume was decreased by over 70%, then reduction and fiberosis were found. In 8 cysts with a diameter greater than 10 cm, tumor volume was decreased by more than 60%, and in 2 cysts it was increased more slightly than that at I month after REA. In subsequent follow-up (6 and 12 months after REA), tumors <10 cm in diameter were fully ablated. No significant discomfort and complications were found in any patient. CONCLUSION: RFA for the treatment of hepatic cysts is safe, and free from complications.

Safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation for pancreatic cystic lesions: A single-center experience of 214 patients

Background:Endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation(EUS-EA)for pancreatic cystic lesions(PCLs)has been used in recent years as a feasible treatment modality for low malignant probability PCLs or patients considered high-risk for surgery.The present study aimed to confirm the safety of EUS-EA and to find predictive factors for adverse event(AE).Methods:A retrospective review was performed from the prospectively maintained database of patients who underwent EUS-EA for PCLs from June 2006 to April 2018 at Seoul National University Hospital.The primary outcomes of the study were the rates of AEs and severe AEs by EUS-EA.The secondary outcome was the predictive factors of AEs including acute pancreatitis and abdominal pain.Results:A total of 214 patients were evaluated and the diagnoses of PCLs according to cystic fluid analysis and clinical features were as follows:serous cystic neoplasm(32.2%),mucinous cystic neoplasm(26.6%),branch duct type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(BD-IPMN)(29.4%),and pseudocyst(11.7%).Three patients(1.4%)experienced severe AEs.Overall,AEs occurred in 71(33.2%)patients.BD-IPMN(OR:2.87;95%CI:1.05–7.84;P=0.040),multilocular cysts(OR:3.59;95%CI:1.09–11.85;P=0.036),suspected ethanol leakage during procedure(OR:10.68;95%CI:1.98–57.53;P=0.006),and sticky cystic fluid(OR:3.83;95%CI:1.20–12.24;P=0.024)were predictive factors for post-procedural acute pancreatitis.PCLs of uncinate process(OR:2.99;95%CI:1.22–7.35;P=0.017)and PCLs with exophytic portion(OR:3.70;95%CI:1.96–7.01;P<0.001)were predictive factors for post-procedural abdominal pain.Conclusions:EUS-EA is a safe procedure with a very low rate of severe AEs.It seems possible to predict the AEs according to the features of the procedure and PCLs.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation therapy for tumors

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has evolved into a useful therapeutic tool for treating a broad range of tumors since being introduced into clinical practice as a diagnostic modality nearly three decades ago. In particular, EUS-guided fine-needle injection has proven a successful minimally invasive approach for treating benign lesions such as pancreatic cysts, relieving pancreatic pain through celiac plexus neurolysis, and controlling local tumor growth of unresectable malignancies by direct delivery of anti-tumor agents. One such ablative agent, ethanol, is capable of safely ablating solid or cystic lesions in hepatic tissues via percutaneous injection. Recent research and clinical interest has focused on the promise of EUS-guided ethanol ablation as a safe and effective method for treating pancreatic tumor patients with small lesions or who are poor operative candidates. Although it is not likely to replace radical resection of localized lesions or systemic treatment of metastatic tumors in all patients, EUS-guided ablation is an ideal method for patients who refuse or are not eligible for surgery. Moreover, this treatment modalitymay play an active role in the development of future pancreatic tumor treatments. This article reviews the most recent clinical applications of EUS-guided ethanol ablation in humans for treating pancreatic cystic tumors, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and metastatic lesions.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation ofpancreatic neuroendocrine tumours:A case study andliterature review

Here we offer a review of the literature regarding endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours and describe the case of a cystic tumour completely ablated after a multisession procedure. A total of 35 PubM ed indexed cases of treated functioning and non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours resulted from our search, 29 of which are well-documented and summarised. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation appears as a local, minimally invasive treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, suitable for selected patients. This technique appears feasible, relatively safe and efficient, especially when applied to symptom relief in functioning tumours, aiming at loss of endocrine secretion. For non-functioning tumours, where the goal is complete tissue ablation, eus guided ethanol ablation can provide good results for patients who are unfit for surgery or for those who refuse surgical resection. Its role in "fit for surgery" patients requires assessment through further studies.

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablationfor small liver cancers adjacent to large vessels：long-term outcomes and strategies

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of percutaneous microwave ablation(MWA) for small hepatic cancers adjacent to large vessels and to investigate the treatment strategies.Methods From March 2009 to July 2015,a total of 86 patients with 94 tumors underwent ultrasound(US)-guided percutaneous MWA,with pathologically proven or clinically diagnosed liver cancers measuring ≤ 3 cm in diameter and located ≤ 10 mm from a major vessel(n = 94).Regular follow-up after MWA was performed to assess treatment efficacy and perioperative complications.Results The complete ablation rate at 1 month after MWA was 93.3%(84/90).The 6-,9-,12-,24-,36-,48-,60-,72-,and 84-month local recurrence rates were 2.4%,2.4%,3.7%,6.6%,8.4%,8.4%,8.4%,8.4%,and 8.4%,respectively.There were no major complications.The perioperative special complication rate was 5.32%(5/94),including 3 cases of moderate liver function damage and 2 cases of limited sub-capsular hematoma.Conclusion Percutaneous MWA for small hepatic cancers adjacent to large vessels is feasible,effective,and safe with an acceptable rate of complications.The key point is to strictly follow operative indications and adopt proper treatment strategies.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation in gastroenterology: New horizons in search

Radiofrequency ablation(RFA) has been widely used for the treatment of various solid organ malignancies. Over the last decade,endosonographers have gradually shifted the application of RFA from porcine models to humans to treat a spectrum of diseases. RFA is performed in patients with pancreatic carcinoma who are not candidates for surgery. In this paper,we will discuss various indications for RFA,its procedural details and complications. At present,endoscopic ultrasound-guided RFA is gradually incorporated into the management of various diseases and opens a new avenue for disease treatment.

Ultrasound-guided microwave ablation for abdominal wall metastatic tumors: A preliminary study

AIM: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided microwave (MW) ablation for abdominal wall metastatic tumors. METHODS: From August 2007 to December 2010, a total of 11 patients with 23 abdominal wall nodules (diameter 2.59 cm ± 1.11 cm, range 1.3 cm to 5.0 cm) were treated with MW ablation. One antenna was inserted into the center of tumors less than 1.7 cm, and multiple antennae were inserted simultaneously into tumors 1.7 cm or larger. A 21 gauge thermocouple was inserted near important organs which required protection (such as bowel or gallbladder) for real-time temperature monitoring during MW ablation. Treatment outcome was observed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [or computed tomography (CT)] during follow-up. RESULTS: MW ablation was well tolerated by all patients. Six patients with 11 nodules had 1 thermocouple inserted near important organs for real-time temperature monitoring and the maximum temperature was 56 ℃. Major complications included mild pain (54.5%), post-ablation fever (100%) and abdominal wall edema (25%). All 23 tumors (100%) in this group were completely ablated, and no residual tumor or local recurrence was observed at a median follow-up of 13 mo (range 1 to 32 mo). The ablation zone was well defined on contrast-enhanced imaging (contrast-enhanced CT, MRI and/or contrast-enhanced ultrasound) and gradually shrank with time. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided MW ablation may be a feasible, safe and effective treatment for abdominal wall metastatic tumors in selected patients.

Potential application of ultrasound-guided thermal ablation in rare liver tumors

Background: With the advances of imaging techniques, the detection rate of rare liver tumor is increased. However, the therapeutic strategies of the rare liver tumors remain limited. Methods: We analyzed twelve pathologically confirmed rare liver tumors in 8 patients. All of the patients underwent ultrasound(US) guided biopsy and subsequent thermal ablation. The tumors were ablated according to the preoperative plans and monitored by real-time US. CT/MRI fused with contrast enhanced US(CEUS) or three-dimensional(3 D) US-CEUS images were used to guide and assess the ablation zone more accurately during thermal ablation. The rate of technical efficacy was assessed based on the contrast-enhance CT/MRI(CECT/MRI) results one month after ablation. Local tumor progression(LTP), recurrence and complications were followed up and recorded. Results: Among these twelve nodules, nine were subject to US-guided thermal ablation, whereas the other three inconspicuous nodules were subject to CEUS-guided thermal ablation. Intra-procedure CT/MRI-CEUS or 3 D US-CEUS fusion imaging assessments demonstrated that the ablation zone sufficiently covered the original tumor, and no immediate supplementary ablation was required. Additionally, no major complications were observed during the follow-up period. The postoperative CECT/MRI confirmed that the technique success rate was 100%. Within the surveillance period of 13 months, no LTP or recurrence was noted. Conclusions: US-guided thermal ablation was feasible and safe for rare liver tumors. The use of fusion imaging technique might make US-guided thermal ablation as effective as surgical resection, and this technique might serve as a potential therapeutic modality for rare liver tumors in the future.

Percutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Thermal Ablation for Treatment of Uterine Fibroids

Purpose: To assess the safety, efficacy and effectiveness of percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) thermal ablation to reduce symptoms of uterine fibroids. Materials and Methods: 17 premenopausal women with symptomatic uterine fibroids despite conventional medical treatment were included. The assessment of symptoms and characteristics of fibroids by vaginal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was performed before starting treatment and 6 months after the procedure. Successful treatment was clinically considered if patients reported a reduction in symptoms 6 months after RF myolysis. Successful treatment was also considered if the necrosis of the fibroid was greater than 50%, 6 months after treatment. Results: The baseline score on visual analogue scale (VAS) for dysmenorrhea and intermenstrual pain was 5.76 ± 3.31 and 3.0 ± 3.4, respectively. According to a score of 0 - 3, baseline bleeding during menstruation was 2.29 ± 0.92. Six months after RF myolysis, the VAS for dysmenorrhea was 2.75 ± 3.32 (p = 0.004), whereas for intermenstrual pain it was 1.38 ± 2.56 (p = 0.02). Menstrual bleeding was reduced to 1.13 ± 0.89 (p = 0.005). Clinical success of the treatment was evident in 11 (64.7%) of the 17 patients with a 95% CI [38.6%, 84.7%]. Fourteen patients underwent MRI monitoring 6 months post-myolysis. Compared to baseline fibroid volume, ultrasound and MRI volume were 57.38% and 79.66% six months after surgery, respectively. A total of 13 patients (92.86%) had radiological success from the treatment (95% CI [64.2%, 99.6%]). Conclusion: Since percutaneous RF myolysis reduces volume and symptoms of uterine fibroids, it may be considered as a valid treatment for symptomatic fibroids.

Ultrasound-guided in vivo porcine liver ablation with nanosecond pulsed electric fields

To the Editor:In recent decades,local ablative therapies have evolved considerably and played an increasingly important role in the treatment of inoperable tumors.Conventional modalities are mainly based on thermal ablation to destroy targeted lesions,such as radiofrequency ablation[1].The clinical application of pulsed electric fields[2]is emerging as an innovative and promising technique for tumor ablation,which does not depend on heat energy and preserves surrounding tissues adjacent to tumors[3].Highvoltage ultrashort electric pulses compromise the integrity of the plasma membrane and destroy intracellular homeostasis.Nanosecond pulsed electric fields(nsPEFs),with a strength of several tens of kV/cm and a nanosecond duration,have attracted much attention and been extensively studied in cancer ablation[4,5].

Percutaneous ultrasound-guided thermal ablation for liver tumor with artificial pleural effusion or ascites

Background and Objective:Percutaneous ultrasound-guided thermal ablation is one of the major treatment methods for liver cancer.Tumor location close to the diaphragm or gastrointestinal tract was regarded as the treatment contraindication before due to poor visibility of the tumor or increased risk of thermal injury to the adjacent organs.This study used artificial pleural effusion or ascites to extend the indications of thermal ablation for liver cancer.Methods:Artificial pleural effusion (20 cases) or ascites (36 cases) was performed in 56 difficult cases of percutaneous thermal ablation for liver tumors.The technical success rates, the rate of approaching the procedure goal, complications, and local treatment response were assessed.Results:The technical success rates were 95%(19/20) for artificial pleural effusion and 100% (36/36) for artificial ascites, the achieve purpose rates were 100%(19/19) and 91.7% (33/36), the complete ablation rates were 84.2% (16/19) and 93.9% (31/33), respectively.Coughing, transient hematuria, and subcutaneous effusion were observed in 3 patients after the procedure of artificial pleural effusion, and hydrothorax in the right chest occurred in 1 patient during the artificial ascites process.Conclusions:Thermal ablation with the use of artificial pleural effusion or ascites is a safe and effective treatment for liver tumors, and the technique can widen the indications of thermal ablation for liver tumors.

Ultrasound-guided No Touch liver pedicle microwave ablation in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment

Objective This study aimed to investigate the feasibility,safety,and clinical effect of No Touch liver pedicle microwave ablation(NTLP-MWA).Methods The outcomes of 118 patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)between 2014 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into three groups.In group A,35 patients underwent ultrasound-guided NTLP-MWA,27 in Group B were treated with routine microwave ablation(RMWA),and 56 in group C underwent anatomic hepatectomy(AH).The preoperative basic data,intraoperative data,and postoperative data were analyzed among the three groups.Results The treatment time,intraoperative blood loss,and postoperative liver function(alanine transaminase)in the NTLP-MWA and RMWA groups were significantly different from those in the AH group(all P<0.005).There was no difference in the complete elimination rate and local recurrence within 1 year among the three groups.Treatment was not an independent risk factor for early postoperative recurrence.There was no significant difference in the 5-year overall survival rates among the three groups.Conclusion NTLP-MWA is safe and reliable,in accordance with the principles of oncology treatment,and worth further promotion in clinical practice.

Recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma treated with percutaneous ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation:A case report

BACKGROUND Treatment for neck lymph node metastases after adequate initial surgery in medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC)has been controversial.Ultrasound(US)-guided radiofrequency ablation(RFA)has been widely used in recurrent welldifferentiated thyroid carcinoma.Here,we report for the first time the use of RFA in a patient with recurrent MTC.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 56-year-old woman with cervical lymph node metastases of MTC.Four years previously,she had undergone a total thyroidectomy and neck lymph node dissection.A neck US revealed many enlarged nodes during the follow-up period.Moreover,the serum calcitonin jumped to 198.17 pg/mL,which strongly indicated the recurrence of MTC.Subsequently,two metastatic lymph nodes were confirmed by US-guided fine-needle aspiration-cytology and fineneedle aspiration-calcitonin,and then the patient was treated with RFA.Four months later,the neck US and a contrast-enhanced US showed obvious shrinkage in the ablation zones,and the serum calcitonin dropped to 11.80 pg/mL.CONCLUSION This case suggests that RFA may be an effective and safe treatment for local recurrent MTC.

A Comparative Study of Ultrasound-Guided Microwave Ablation, Surgery and Rotational Adenomammectomy for Benign Breast Nodules

Objective: To explore the clinical effects of conventional surgery, ultrasound-guided microwave ablation and rotational adenomammectomy on the prognosis of benign breast nodules. Methods: 232 cases of patients with benign breast nodules confirmed by pathological examination who received surgical treatment in the breast surgery department of our hospital from December 2016 to December 2020 were included. According to the surgical methods, they were divided into microwave ablation group (n = 48), conventional surgery group (n = 105) and rotational adenomammectomy group (n = 79). The clinical parameters were compared and analyzed between the three groups, and the postoperative pain, residual tumor, breast beauty and complication rate of the patients were evaluated. Results: Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, healing time and postoperative pain in microwave ablation group were lower than those of rotational adenomammectomy group (P < 0.05) and those of conventional surgery group (P < 0.05). Besides, those in the rotational adenomammectomy group were lower than those in the conventional surgery group (P < 0.05). The residual tumor rates in microwave ablation group and rotational adenomammectomy group were 4.17% and 3.80%, respectively. And the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Both of them were lower than 6.66% in conventional surgery group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The effective rates of breast beauty were 91.67%, 82.28% and 68.58% in the microwave ablation group, the rotational adenomammectomy group and the conventional surgery group, respectively. And the difference between groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The rate of postoperative complications in microwave ablation group and rotational adenomammectomy group were 4.17% and 3.80% respectively, both of which were significantly lower than 6.66% in conventional surgery group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Microwave ablation, rotational adenomammectomy and conventional surgery are effective for the treatment of benign breast tumors. Among them, microwave ablation is the best option with many advantages of shorter operative time, less intraoperative blood loss, more beautiful breast shape, less postoperative pain, a lower residual rate after surgery, and a lower complication rate.