Optical Absorption of the Nanostructured SiO_(2) in Ultraviolet-Near Infrared Light Range

The electronic struc ture of nanostructured SiO_(2) was studied by means of ultraviolet-near infrared,absorption spectra.A strong and broad absorption band was observed in the wavelength range of ultraviolet-near infrared light.This band is caused by the electronic transition from the valence band to the defect energy level in the bandgap which was theoretically calculated by using molecular orbital approach.With increasing the annealing temperature,the red shift of this band was observed.The mechanism of this band is discussed.

Nitric oxide removal from flue gas coupled with the Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA regeneration by ultraviolet irradiation

During wet complexation denitrification of flue gas,Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA regeneration,also known as reducing Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA and Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA-nitric oxide(NO)to Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA,is crucial.In this paper,ultraviolet(UV)light was used for the first time to reduce Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO.The experimental result demonstrated that Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO reduction rate increased with UV power increasing,elevated temperature,and initial Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO concentration decreasing.Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO reduction rate increased first and then decreased as pH value increased(2.0-10.0).Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO reduction with UV irradiation presented a first order reaction with respect to Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO.Compared with other Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA regeneration methods,Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA regeneration with UV show more superiority through comprehensive consideration of regeneration rate and procedure.Subsequently,NO absorption experiment by Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA solution with UV irradiation confirmed that UV can significantly promote the NO removal performance of Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA.Appropriate oxygen concentration(3%(vol))and acidic environment(pH=4)was favorable for NO removal.With UV power increasing as well as temperature decreasing,NO removal efficiency rose.In addition,the mechanism research indicates that NO from flue gas is mostly converted to NO_(2)-,NO_(3)-,NH_(4)^(+),N_(2),and N_(2)O with Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA absorption liquid with UV irradiation.UV strengthens NO removal in Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA absorption liquid by forming a synergistic effect of oxidation-reduction-complexation.Finally,compared with NO removal methods with Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA,Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA combined UV system shows prominent technology advantage in terms of economy and secondary pollution.

Summary of a Life in Observational Ultraviolet/Optical Astronomy

I reminisce on my early life in Section 1;on my education in Sections 2 and 3;on the years at Princeton as a research astronomer in Section 4;on the years on the faculty at Chicago in Section 5;on research on Diffuse Interstellar Bands(DIBs) in Section 6;on construction of the 3.5 m telescope at Apache Point Observatory(APO)in Section 7;on work on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey(SDSS) in Section 8;on work in public education in Chicago in Section 9;and on my travels in Section 10. My main science research is of an observational nature,concerning Galactic and intergalactic interstellar gas. Highlights for me included my work on the orbiting telescope Copernicus, including the discovery of interstellar deuterium;early observations of absorption associated with fivetimes ionized oxygen;and discoveries concerning the phases of gas in the local interstellar medium, based on previously unobservable interstellar UV spectral lines. With other instruments and collaborations, I extended interstellar UV studies to the intergalactic cool gas using quasi-stellar object QSO absorption lines redshifted to the optical part of the spectrum;provided a better definition of the emission and morphological character of the source of absorption lines in QSO spectra;and pursued the identification of the unidentified DIBs. For several of these topics, extensive collaborations with many scientists were essential over many years. The conclusions developed slowly, as I moved from being a graduate student at Chicago, to a research scientist position at Princeton and then to a faculty position at Chicago. At each stage of life, I was exposed to new technologies adaptable to my science and to subsequent projects. From high school days, I encountered several management opportunities which were formative. I have been extremely fortunate both in scientific mentors I had and in experimental opportunities I encountered.

STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF DISSOLVED IONS ON SCO DEPRESSING PROPERTY USING ULTRAVIOLET ABSORPTION SPECTRA

SCO is a selective dolomite deperessant in the flotation system of collophane and dolomite. However,experi-ments confirmed that reverse phenomenon would occur for some phosphatic mines. In order to explain the SCO depress-ing mechanism i this paper describes studying results on the ef-fect of dissolved ions on SCO depressing property using ul-traviolet absorption spectra. It is found that the effect of dis-solved ions, especially Mg2+ ?on the SCO adsorption property is strong. When Mg2+ concentration is low,dolomite adsorbs SCO and is depressed. When Mgz+ concentration is more than 90g/t in pulp.SCO adsorption capacity on colophane is obvi-ously greater than that on dolomite,which results in the de-pression of collophane. The adsorption results are consistent with flotation results.

ABSORPTION AND EMISSION SPECTRA OF RARE-GASES IN VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET REGION

The vacuum ultraviolet absorption and emission spectra of rare-gas vander Waals molecules were observed.A large broadening of at least 240Åof Xe first resonance absorption line was obtained at cell presgure 4 atm.Strong continuous emission of heavier rare gases at 1300-3000Åwas obtained using self-triggered condensed discharge in aπ-shaped quartz discharge tube.

Study of blood fat concentration based on serum ultraviolet absorption spectra and neural network

Blood plays an important role in the clinical di-agnosis and treatment, the analysis of blood will be of very important practical significance. The experiment shows that the absorption spectra of blood are of serious noise in the wave band of 200 to 300 nm, which hides the useful spectral characteristics. The effective separation of the noise was achieved by db4 wavelet transform, and the signals of reconstruction have been obviously improved in the noise serious wave band, reflecting some useful information. The absorption peaks of different samples are displaced to some degrees. The correlation between absorbance at 278nm and blood fat concentration is no significant and random. Based on the evident correlation between serum absorption spectrum and blood fat con-centration in the wave band of 265 to 282nm, a neural network model was built to forecast the blood fat concentration, bringing a relatively good prediction. This provides a new spectral test method of blood fat concentration.

Improved Visible Transparency of SiO_2/ZnO:Al/CeO_2-TiO_2/SiO_2 Multilayer Films with High UV Absorption and Infrared Reflection Rate

New visible transparent, UV absorption, and high infrared reflection properties have been realized by depositing multilayer Si O2/Zn O: Al/Ce O2-Ti O2/Si O2 films onto glass substrates at low temperature by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Optimum thickness of Si O2, Zn O: Al(ZAO) and Ce O2-Ti O2(CTO) films were designed with the aid of thin film design software. The degree of antireflection can be controlled by adjusting the thickness and refractive index. The outer Si O2 film can diminish the interference coloring and increase the transparency; the inner Si O2 film improves the adhesion of the coating on the glass substrate and prevents Ca2+, Na+ in the glass substrate from entering the ZAO film. The average transmittance in the visible light range increases by nearly 18%-20%, as compared to double layer ZAO/CTO films. And the films display high infrared reflection rate of above 75% in the wavelength range of 10-25 μm and good UV absorption(> 98%) properties. These systems are easy to produce on a large scale at low cost and exhibit high mechanical and chemical durability. The triple functional films with high UV absorption, antireflective and high infrared reflection rate will adapt to application in flat panel display and architectural coating glass, automotive glass, with diminishing light pollution as well as decreasing eye fatigue and increasing comfort.

Calculation of Spectral Absorption Coefficient of High Temperature Equilibrium or Non-equilibrium 11-Species Air

As a reentry vehicle traveling through atmosphere with a very high Mach number, the ultraviolet, visible light and infrared signatures, produced from its head shock-wave layer and wake, are the foundation of detecting and identifying for the ground monitoring and the antimissile controlling and guiding system. At the same time, the gas layer radiation is also an important source of heating flux to the wall. The absorption coefficients of high temperature gas in the head shock-wave layer are basic parameters for calculations of the target ultraviolet, visible light and infrared optical characteristics, the heat shield and the aerodynamic flow-field coupling with thermal radiation. In this paper, after the thermo-chemical non-equilibrium phenomenon of hypersonic rarefied flow during reentry stage is discussed, a three-temperature model (electronic temperature Te, vibrational temperature TV and rotational-transitional temperature TR) is used to characterize energy levels population of non-equilibrium air species in the shock-wave layer and the contribution of 11-species such as N2, N2+, N, N+, O2, O2+, O, O+, NO, NO+ and e- is directly calculated by using the atomic and molecular radiation theory. At last, a model is established, which calculates the absorption coefficient of high-temperature equilibrium or non-equilibrium air. The results are in good agreement with experimentally measured data in the visible region, but are slightly bad in the ultraviolet and infrared regions.

High-resolution Absorption Spectra of Acetylene in 142.8-152.3 nm

The absorption spectra of acetylene molecules was measured under jet-cooled conditions in the wavelength range of 142.8-152.3 nm, with a tunable and highly resolved vacuum ultraviolet （VUV） laser generated by two-photon resonant four wave difference frequency mixing processes. Due to the sufficient vibrational and rotational cooling effect of the molecular beam and the higher resolution VUV laser, the observed absorption spectra exhibit more distinct spectral features than the previous works measured at room temperature. The major three vibrational bands are assigned as a C-C symmetry stretching vibrational progress （v2=0.2） of the C^1Πu state of acetylene. The observed shoulder peak at 148,2 nm is assigned to the first overtone band of the trans-bending mode V4 of the C^1Πu state of acetylene. Additionally, the two components, 4^20（μ^1Π） and 4^20（k^1Πu）, are suggested to exhibit in the present absorption spectra, due to their Renner-Teller effect and transition selection rule. All band origins and bandwidths are obtained subsequently, and it is found that bandwidths are broadened and lifetimes decrease gradually with the excitation of vibration.

Investigation of the Antioxidant and UV Absorption Properties of 2-(2’-hydroxy-5’-methylphenyl)-benzotriazole and Its Ortho-Substituted Derivatives via DFT/TD-DFT

The demand and pursuit of chemical entities with UV filtration and antioxidant properties for enhanced photoprotection have been driven in recent times by acute exposure of humans to solar ultraviolet radiations. The structural, electronic, antioxidant and UV absorption properties of drometrizole (PBT) and designed ortho-substituted derivatives are reported via DFT and TD-DFT in the gas and aqueous phases. DFT and TD-DFT computations were performed at the M062x-D3Zero/6-311++G(d,p)//B97-3c and PBE0-D3(BJ)/def2-TZVP levels of theory respectively. Reaction enthalpies related to hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single-electron transfer followed by proton transfer (SET-PT), and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) mechanisms were computed and compared with those of phenol. Results show that the presence of -NH2 substituent reduces the O-H bond dissociation enthalpy and ionization potential, while that of -CN increases the proton affinity. The HAT and SPLET mechanisms are the most plausible in the gas and aqueous phases respectively. The molecule with the -NH2 substituent (PBT1) was identified to be the compound with the highest antioxidant activity. The UV spectra of the studied compounds are characterized by two bands in the 280 - 400 nm regions. Results from this study provide a better comprehension antioxidant mechanism of drometrizole and present a new perspective for the design of electron-donor antioxidant molecules with enhanced antioxidant-photoprotective efficiencies for applications in commercial sunscreens.

Comparison of Nitric Oxide Concentrations in μs-and ns-Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas by UV Absorption Spectroscopy

In this paper,an absorption spectroscopy measurement method was applied on two atmospheric pressure plasma sources to determine their production of nitric oxide.The concentrations are essential for evaluating the plasma sources based on the principle of the Dielectric Barrier Discharge（DBD）for applications in plasma medicine.The described method is based on a setup with an electrodeless discharge lamp filled with a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen.One of the emitted wavelengths is an important resonance wavelength of nitric oxide（λ = 226.2 nm）.By comparing the absorption behaviour at the minimum and maximum of the spectral absorption cross section of nitric oxide around that wavelength,and measuring the change in intensity by the absorbing plasma,the concentration of nitric oxide inside the plasma can be calculated.The produced nitric oxide concentrations depend on the pulse duration and are in the range of 180 ppm to 1400 ppm,so that a distance of about 10 cm to the respiratory tract is enough to conform to the VDI Guideline 2310.

基于SO_(2)吸收谱线的光谱仪波长在线校准方法

紫外差分吸收光谱技术已被广泛用于工业污染源废气排放浓度监测。光谱仪作为紫外烟气分析仪的核心器件,易受到温度变化而产生波长漂移,进而影响监测结果的准确性。本文提出了一种光谱仪波长“软”标定方法,通过实验建立标准SO_(2)吸收谱线极值波长数据库,利用SO_(2)吸光度极值像素点和标准SO_(2)吸收光谱极值波长,对光谱仪像素点与波长的对应函数进行重新拟合,以实现光谱仪波长实时校准。搭建了实验系统,并开展了光谱仪波长标定方法验证研究。结果表明,当光谱仪所处环境温度变化范围为10℃时,采用本文方法可以使993mg/m^(3)NO标气的测量误差从115.2mg/m^(3)降低至21.4mg/m^(3),绝对误差减小了93.8mg/m^(3);当被测SO_(2)为1430mg/m^(3)时,测量系统信噪比较高,波长校准效果最佳;针对低浓度测量现场,可通过增加光谱平均次数来增强光谱信号的信噪比,提高波长在线校准方法的效果。

Anti-ultraviolet aging tests of asphalts adapting to environment in Tibetan Plateau of China

Ultraviolet （UV） aging is one of the main factors which cause premature damage of asphalt pavements in the Tibetan Plateau, China. According to the measured levels of UV radiation, aging tests of styrene-butadiene rubber （SBR） asphalts with different contents of three anti-UV-aging agents including nano-TiO2, CeO2 and carbon black are performed. Common indices, which include retained penetration after thin film oven tests （TFOT） and softening point, and strategic highway research program （SHRP） indices of aged asphalts are evaluated. Infrared absorption spectral analysis is performed on asphalt specimens with 0. 8% carbon black which have been aged for different aging times （500, 1000 and 1 500 h）. By grey incidence analysis, the optimal contents of anti-UV-aging agents are determined. The results show that TiO2 and CeO2 are not only good UV absorbing or shielding agents, but also strong oxidants. Carbon black is a good anti-UV-aging agent, and its optimal content is about 0. 8% of asphalt weight. UV aging of asphalt mainly occurs in the early stages of aging. The longer the aging time, the more severe the aging of asphalt.

周环取代基对酞菁在不同基质中光谱性能的影响

将不同周环取代基的金属酞菁均采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)工艺法掺入二氧化硅(SiO2)凝胶玻璃基质中,制备了金属酞菁掺杂的复合凝胶玻璃。系统研究了酞菁铅系列、酞菁铝系列和酞菁锌系列中不同周环取代基种类和位置对酞菁在N,N-二甲基酰胺(DMF)溶液和二氧化硅凝胶玻璃基质中的紫外-可见吸收光谱的影响,以检测不同周环取代基的种类和位置对酞菁在不同基质中的存在状态及其影响因素。首先研究了周环取代基种类的影响:在DMF溶液中,不同周环取代基-CP、-OAr、 t-Bu的引入,均可使大环π电子形成更大的共轭体系,使最大电子吸收波长产生红移;在复合凝胶玻璃中,掺杂金属酞菁以多聚物的形式存在,使其紫外-可见光谱中的特征吸收峰均变得弥散;研究了周环取代基位置的影响:对酞菁铝系列研究了周环取代基-OAr分别在α和β位时,α-AlTPOPcCl和β-AlTPOPcCl在DMF溶液和二氧化硅复合凝胶玻璃中的紫外-可见吸收光谱,结果表明:在DMF溶液中,由于电子共轭效应,α位的取代基相比β位其特征峰有所红移;在复合凝胶玻璃中,α-AlTPOPcCl的紫外-可见吸收光谱与其在DMF溶液中几乎相同,说明α-AlTPOPcCl在这两种基质中以单体形式存在,而β-AlTPOPcCl在复合凝胶体系中吸收光谱峰型弥散,说明该酞菁在复合体系中多以团聚体形式存在。研究结果为进一步研究酞菁掺杂复合凝胶玻璃的光学性能奠定了基础,为非线性光限幅性能材料及器具的研究奠定了理论基础。

合成染料与染料脱色过氧化物酶Il-DyP4相互作用的光谱分析

利用紫外-可见吸收光谱法和荧光光谱法,分析蒽醌类染料(reactive blue 19(RB19),reactive blue 4(RB4))、偶氮类染料(reactive violet 5(RV5),reactive black 5(RB5))及底物2,2′-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)与染料脱色过氧化物酶Il-DyP4之间的相互作用.紫外-可见吸收光谱法结果表明,Il-DyP4和上述底物之间均形成了复合物;荧光光谱法结果表明,上述底物均使Il-DyP4产生了荧光淬灭效应,且淬灭类型为静态淬灭,符合紫外-可见吸收光谱的结果.根据双对数方程■,计算出RB19,RB4,RV5,RB5,ABTS与Il-DyP4相互作用的表观结合常数(Ka)分别为:9.386 2×10^(4)L·mol^(-1)(298 K),5.615 7×10^(6) L·mol^(-1)(298 K),1.926 2×10^(6) L·mol^(-1)(288 K),5.277 8×10^(5) L·mol^(-1)(298 K),2.234 6×10^(5) L·mol^(-1)(298 K).热力学参数分析结果表明,上述底物与Il-DyP4的结合依赖于疏水相互作用,是自发的吸热过程.

藻蓝蛋白面霜的制备与性能研究

研究以藻蓝蛋白作为原料制备的面霜,探究其抗氧化、抗紫外线活性和吸湿保湿性能.对A(PEG 100硬脂酸甘油硬脂酸酯、鲸蜡硬脂醇、甘油硬脂酸酯、石蜡油、十四酸异丙酯)、B(甘油、丁二醇、黄原胶、EDTA二钠、藻蓝蛋白)两相原料进行处理,混合均匀后制得面霜;以抗坏血酸作为对照组,测定藻蓝蛋白的DPPH清除率、还原性、总抗氧化活性,以及面霜的抗紫外线性能和吸湿保湿能力.结果显示,当藻蓝蛋白浓度为1.6 mg/mL时,其对DPPH的清除率可达89.20%,还原和总抗氧化能力均较强,吸湿率和保湿率的大小,以及抗紫外线的能力均优于市售欧珀莱面霜样品.以藻蓝蛋白为原料制备面霜既可以发挥其功效性作用,又可以实现对天然生物成分的有效利用,能够为化妆品的发展开拓新方向.

紫外吸收光谱法的水质参数预测模型研究

紫外吸收光谱法是一种快速、简便且无二次污染的水质检测技术,借助孪生卷积神经网络构建的水质化学需氧量和浊度预测模型,在小样本情况下能够实现高精度的预测。在实际水样的预测中,R2值可高达0.97,相较于其他模型,具有更高的预测精度和更广泛的适用范围,为在线监测水体中化学需氧量和浊度的污染程度提供了一种全新的技术支持。

窄禁带半导体紫外光电探测研究进展(特邀)

紫外光电探测器具有比可见和近红外光电探测器更低的背景噪声、更高的灵敏度和更强的抗干扰能力,广泛应用于光学成像、安全监测、空间探测等领域。近年来,窄禁带半导体微纳结构在紫外甚至日盲紫外探测领域脱颖而出。本文介绍了两类半导体微纳结构(超细纳米线、超薄纳米片)中光吸收特性随材料特征尺寸的变化,揭示了窄禁带半导体应用于紫外探测的工作机理,综述了基于窄禁带半导体微纳结构的紫外光电探测器的研究进展,并对发展趋势进行了展望。与宽禁带半导体和Si基紫外光电探测相比,窄禁带半导体微纳结构提供了一种工艺条件更简单、制造成本更低的紫外光电探测方式。

以蔗渣为燃料的锅炉烟气SO_(2)监测问题及对策探讨

分析了定电位电解法监测糖厂锅炉烟气中SO_(2)遇到的问题和非分散红外吸收法和紫外差分吸收法的特点,提出对策着力解决监测问题,提高SO_(2)监测数据可靠性。

氟气混合气中氟气含量分析

采用紫外吸收法及气相色谱仪的分析方法,完成了对氟气混合气中氟气含量的测定,采取取样系统,阐述其分析过程,并对比使用2种分析方法分析氟气含量的优缺点,结果表明紫外吸收法具有重复性好、线性范围宽、分析时间短、操作方便等特点。