The solar-blind ultraviolet(UV)wavelength is particularly interesting within the range of 200 nm–300 nm.Here,we propose a focusing metalens,focusing vortex beam(VB)metalens and metalens array that specifically work i...The solar-blind ultraviolet(UV)wavelength is particularly interesting within the range of 200 nm–300 nm.Here,we propose a focusing metalens,focusing vortex beam(VB)metalens and metalens array that specifically work in the UV band to focus a beam or VB.Firstly,a high numerical aperture(NA)focusing metalens working at a wavelength of 214.2 nm was designed,and the NA reached 0.83.The corresponding conversion efficiency of the unit structure reached as high as 94%,and the full width at half maximum was only 117.2 nm.Metalenses with large NA can act as optical tweezers and can be applied to trap ultracold atoms and molecules.Secondly,a focused VB metalens in the wavelength range of200 nm–300 nm was also designed,which can convert polarized light into a VB and focus the VB simultaneously.Finally,a metalens array was developed to focus VBs with different topological charges on the same focal plane.This series of UV metalenses could be widely used in UV microscopy,photolithography,photonics communication,etc.展开更多
Using the visual inspection and base difference method and data from the X-ray Telescope (XRT) onboard Hinode and TRACE with improved spatial and temporal resolution, we selected 48 X-ray transient brightenings (X...Using the visual inspection and base difference method and data from the X-ray Telescope (XRT) onboard Hinode and TRACE with improved spatial and temporal resolution, we selected 48 X-ray transient brightenings (XTBs) and 237 EUV transient brightenings (ETBs) to study the connection between these two types of transient brightenings (TBs). These ETBs and XTBs have smaller areas (8.42 Mm^2 and 36.3 Mm^2, respectively, on average) and shorter durations (9.0 min and 6.9 min, respectively, on average) than previous studies. These XTBs show three types of morphological structure: point-like, single-loop and multiple-loop. We find only 20% of the ETBs have corresponding XTBs while the other 80% have no X-ray signatures at all. This is presumably due to the small amount of released energy, which is not enough to heat the plasma to coronal temperatures which produce X-ray emission rather than being due to the limitation of spatial resolution and temperature sensitivity of the X-ray instrument. These small ETBs may significantly contribute to the coronal heating.展开更多
Two strains H2-410 and H2-419 were obtained from the chemically mutated survivors of wild Haematococcus pluvialis 2 by using ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS). Strains H2-410 and H2-419 showed a fast cell growth with 13% ...Two strains H2-410 and H2-419 were obtained from the chemically mutated survivors of wild Haematococcus pluvialis 2 by using ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS). Strains H2-410 and H2-419 showed a fast cell growth with 13% and 20% increase in biomass compared to wild type, respectively. Then H2-419-4, a fast cell growth and high astaxanthin accumulation strain, was obtained by exposing the strain H2-419 to ultraviolet radiation (UV) further. The total biomass, the astaxanthin content per cell, astaxanthin production of H2-419-4 showed 68%, 28%, and 120% increase compared to wild H. pluvialis 2, respectively. HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) data showed also an obvious proportional variation of different carotenoid compositions in the extracts of H2-419-4 and the wild type, although no peak of carotenoids appeared or disappeared. Therefore, the main compositions in strain H2-419-4, like its wild one, were free of astaxanthin, monoester, and diester of astaxanthin. The asexual reproduction in survivors after exposed to UV was not synchronous, and different from the normal synchronous asexual reproduction as the mother cells were motile instead of non-motile. Interestingly, some survivors from UV irradiation produced many mini-spores (or gamete?), the spores moved away from the mother cell gradually 4 or 5 days later. This is quite similar to sexual reproduction described by Elliot in 1934. However, whether this was sexual reproduction remains questionable, as no mating process has been observed.展开更多
Guinea pig model of cataract was obtained by ultraviolet ray irradiation on both eyes of 47 guinea pigs for 6-8 months. Seven eye-lenses irradiated by ultraviolet ray selected randomly for optical micro-scopic and ele...Guinea pig model of cataract was obtained by ultraviolet ray irradiation on both eyes of 47 guinea pigs for 6-8 months. Seven eye-lenses irradiated by ultraviolet ray selected randomly for optical micro-scopic and electron microscopic examinations revealed typical pathological findings such as obvious swelling and widening of gaps of the lens fibres.展开更多
Objective: To study the protective effect of Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) treatment on the rat model with corneal injury caused by ultraviolet ray. Methods: SD male rats were selected as experimental animals and randomly d...Objective: To study the protective effect of Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) treatment on the rat model with corneal injury caused by ultraviolet ray. Methods: SD male rats were selected as experimental animals and randomly divided into control group, model group and PRDX6 group, corneal injury models were established by UV irradiation, and they received PRDX6 intervention. The contents of oxidative stress molecules, apoptosis molecules and MMPs/TIMPs in corneal tissues were detected on the 12 d after intervention. Results: MDA, AOPP, Fas, FasL, Bax, Caspase-3, MMP2 and MMP9 contents in corneal tissue of model group were significantly higher than those of control group while T-AOC, SOD, GSH-Px, Bcl-2, Survivin, XIAP, TIMP1 and TIMP2 contents were significantly lower than those of control group;MDA, AOPP, Fas, FasL, Bax, Caspase-3, MMP2 and MMP9 contents in corneal tissue of PRDX6 group were significantly lower than those of model group while T-AOC, SOD, GSH-Px, Bcl-2, Survivin, XIAP, TIMP1 and TIMP2 contents were significantly higher than those of model group. Conclusion: PRDX6 has inhibitory effect on the oxidative stress and apoptosis in corneal injury process caused by ultraviolet ray.展开更多
It is well known that avian predators can use prey excretions such as urine and feces to track their prey, and the urine and feces of small mammalian herbivores can reflect ultraviolet (UV) light and emit fluorescent ...It is well known that avian predators can use prey excretions such as urine and feces to track their prey, and the urine and feces of small mammalian herbivores can reflect ultraviolet (UV) light and emit fluorescent light. There are still some debates as to whether UV visibility of small mammalian herbivores’ urine is used as a hunting cue by avian raptors. Some studies in Europe have demonstrated that diurnal raptors are capable of utilizing these cues to target key prey species. However, researchers in Australia have argued that raptors do not use the UV visibility of urine while hunting. To our knowledge, there are no reports from Asia concerning the ultraviolet spectral characteristics of small mammal herbivores’ urine. This study examined the UV spectral properties of urine from 6 small mammal herbivores species by comparing the UV reflectance and fluorescence spectra of urine from small mammalian herbivores living in plateau meadows, plateau shrubs, open marshland, farmland, and semi-desert grassland in China. In addition, we compared the UV spectral properties of urine from ground-dwelling species of rodents and subterranean species to determine whether ultraviolet visibility of small mammal herbivores’ urine could be used as a visual signal by Asian vole-eating raptors. The results showed that: 1) the SC<sub>370</sub> values of urine from four small mammal herbivores species were ordered as plateau pika (plateau meadow) > root voles (plateau bush) > reed voles (swampland) > Brandt’s vole (desert grassland);and 2) UV fluorescence peak intensity and the wavelengths of urine from ground-dwelling species (such as the root vole, plateau pika, or Brandt’s vole) were significantly higher than those of subterranean-dwelling species (mandarin vole and plateau zokor). These results indicate that UV visibility of small mammal herbivores’ urine may act as a visual cue for raptors.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.60907003,61805278,61875168,and 22134005)Chongqing Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(Grant No.cstc2021jcyj-jqX0027)+6 种基金Innovation Research 2035 Pilot Plan of Southwest University(Grant No.SWU-XDPY22012)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2018M633704)Innovation Support Program for Overseas Students in Chongqing(Grant No.cx2021008)Foundation of NUDT(Grant Nos.JC13-02-13 and ZK17-0301)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.13JJ3001)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(Grant No.NCET-12-0142)Chongqing Talents Program for Outstanding Scientists(Grant No.cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0178)。
文摘The solar-blind ultraviolet(UV)wavelength is particularly interesting within the range of 200 nm–300 nm.Here,we propose a focusing metalens,focusing vortex beam(VB)metalens and metalens array that specifically work in the UV band to focus a beam or VB.Firstly,a high numerical aperture(NA)focusing metalens working at a wavelength of 214.2 nm was designed,and the NA reached 0.83.The corresponding conversion efficiency of the unit structure reached as high as 94%,and the full width at half maximum was only 117.2 nm.Metalenses with large NA can act as optical tweezers and can be applied to trap ultracold atoms and molecules.Secondly,a focused VB metalens in the wavelength range of200 nm–300 nm was also designed,which can convert polarized light into a VB and focus the VB simultaneously.Finally,a metalens array was developed to focus VBs with different topological charges on the same focal plane.This series of UV metalenses could be widely used in UV microscopy,photolithography,photonics communication,etc.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Grant Nos. 10873038 and 10833007)the National Basic Research Program of China (2006CB806302)CAS Project KJCX2-YW-T04
文摘Using the visual inspection and base difference method and data from the X-ray Telescope (XRT) onboard Hinode and TRACE with improved spatial and temporal resolution, we selected 48 X-ray transient brightenings (XTBs) and 237 EUV transient brightenings (ETBs) to study the connection between these two types of transient brightenings (TBs). These ETBs and XTBs have smaller areas (8.42 Mm^2 and 36.3 Mm^2, respectively, on average) and shorter durations (9.0 min and 6.9 min, respectively, on average) than previous studies. These XTBs show three types of morphological structure: point-like, single-loop and multiple-loop. We find only 20% of the ETBs have corresponding XTBs while the other 80% have no X-ray signatures at all. This is presumably due to the small amount of released energy, which is not enough to heat the plasma to coronal temperatures which produce X-ray emission rather than being due to the limitation of spatial resolution and temperature sensitivity of the X-ray instrument. These small ETBs may significantly contribute to the coronal heating.
基金the Innovation Program of the Institute of Oceanology,CAS (No.L86032523)the Project of Ministry of Sciences and Technology of China (No.02EFN216601213)
文摘Two strains H2-410 and H2-419 were obtained from the chemically mutated survivors of wild Haematococcus pluvialis 2 by using ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS). Strains H2-410 and H2-419 showed a fast cell growth with 13% and 20% increase in biomass compared to wild type, respectively. Then H2-419-4, a fast cell growth and high astaxanthin accumulation strain, was obtained by exposing the strain H2-419 to ultraviolet radiation (UV) further. The total biomass, the astaxanthin content per cell, astaxanthin production of H2-419-4 showed 68%, 28%, and 120% increase compared to wild H. pluvialis 2, respectively. HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) data showed also an obvious proportional variation of different carotenoid compositions in the extracts of H2-419-4 and the wild type, although no peak of carotenoids appeared or disappeared. Therefore, the main compositions in strain H2-419-4, like its wild one, were free of astaxanthin, monoester, and diester of astaxanthin. The asexual reproduction in survivors after exposed to UV was not synchronous, and different from the normal synchronous asexual reproduction as the mother cells were motile instead of non-motile. Interestingly, some survivors from UV irradiation produced many mini-spores (or gamete?), the spores moved away from the mother cell gradually 4 or 5 days later. This is quite similar to sexual reproduction described by Elliot in 1934. However, whether this was sexual reproduction remains questionable, as no mating process has been observed.
文摘Guinea pig model of cataract was obtained by ultraviolet ray irradiation on both eyes of 47 guinea pigs for 6-8 months. Seven eye-lenses irradiated by ultraviolet ray selected randomly for optical micro-scopic and electron microscopic examinations revealed typical pathological findings such as obvious swelling and widening of gaps of the lens fibres.
文摘Objective: To study the protective effect of Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) treatment on the rat model with corneal injury caused by ultraviolet ray. Methods: SD male rats were selected as experimental animals and randomly divided into control group, model group and PRDX6 group, corneal injury models were established by UV irradiation, and they received PRDX6 intervention. The contents of oxidative stress molecules, apoptosis molecules and MMPs/TIMPs in corneal tissues were detected on the 12 d after intervention. Results: MDA, AOPP, Fas, FasL, Bax, Caspase-3, MMP2 and MMP9 contents in corneal tissue of model group were significantly higher than those of control group while T-AOC, SOD, GSH-Px, Bcl-2, Survivin, XIAP, TIMP1 and TIMP2 contents were significantly lower than those of control group;MDA, AOPP, Fas, FasL, Bax, Caspase-3, MMP2 and MMP9 contents in corneal tissue of PRDX6 group were significantly lower than those of model group while T-AOC, SOD, GSH-Px, Bcl-2, Survivin, XIAP, TIMP1 and TIMP2 contents were significantly higher than those of model group. Conclusion: PRDX6 has inhibitory effect on the oxidative stress and apoptosis in corneal injury process caused by ultraviolet ray.
文摘It is well known that avian predators can use prey excretions such as urine and feces to track their prey, and the urine and feces of small mammalian herbivores can reflect ultraviolet (UV) light and emit fluorescent light. There are still some debates as to whether UV visibility of small mammalian herbivores’ urine is used as a hunting cue by avian raptors. Some studies in Europe have demonstrated that diurnal raptors are capable of utilizing these cues to target key prey species. However, researchers in Australia have argued that raptors do not use the UV visibility of urine while hunting. To our knowledge, there are no reports from Asia concerning the ultraviolet spectral characteristics of small mammal herbivores’ urine. This study examined the UV spectral properties of urine from 6 small mammal herbivores species by comparing the UV reflectance and fluorescence spectra of urine from small mammalian herbivores living in plateau meadows, plateau shrubs, open marshland, farmland, and semi-desert grassland in China. In addition, we compared the UV spectral properties of urine from ground-dwelling species of rodents and subterranean species to determine whether ultraviolet visibility of small mammal herbivores’ urine could be used as a visual signal by Asian vole-eating raptors. The results showed that: 1) the SC<sub>370</sub> values of urine from four small mammal herbivores species were ordered as plateau pika (plateau meadow) > root voles (plateau bush) > reed voles (swampland) > Brandt’s vole (desert grassland);and 2) UV fluorescence peak intensity and the wavelengths of urine from ground-dwelling species (such as the root vole, plateau pika, or Brandt’s vole) were significantly higher than those of subterranean-dwelling species (mandarin vole and plateau zokor). These results indicate that UV visibility of small mammal herbivores’ urine may act as a visual cue for raptors.
基金Project supported by National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project for College Students,China(X202210166110X)Key Project of Education Department of Liaoning Province,China(LJKZZ20220116).