Global buckling behavior of submarine unburied pipelines under thermal stress

Buckling of submarine pipelines under thermal stress is one of the most important problems to be considered in pipeline design. And pipeline with initial imperfections will easily undergo failure due to global buckling under thermal stress and internal pressure. Therefore, it is vitally important to study the global buckling of the submarine pipeline with initial imperfections. On the basis of the characteristics of the initial imperfections, the global lateral buckling of submarine pipelines was analyzed. Based on the deduced analytical solutions for the global lateral buckling, effects of temperature difference and properties of foundation soil on pipeline buckling were analyzed. The results show that the snap buckling is predominantly governed by the amplitude value of initial imperfection; the triggering temperature difference of Mode I for pipelines with initial imperfections is higher than that of Mode I1; a pipeline with a larger friction coefficient is safer than that with a smaller one; pipelines with larger initial imperfections are safer than those with smaller ones.

Theoretical and Numerical Studies on the Coupling Deformation of Global Lateral Buckling and Walking of Submarine Pipeline

Buckling initiation devices/techniques,including sleepers,distributed buoyancy,snake lay,and residual curvature method(RCM),have recently been widely applied in engineering.These initiated buckles may induce a long pipeline to transform into multiple short pipeline segments,which promote the occurrence of pipeline walking.Thus,a pipeline,which is designed to buckle laterally,may laterally and axially displace over time when subjected to repeated heating and cooling cycles.This study aims to reveal the coupling mechanism of pipeline walking and global lateral buckling.First,an analytic solution is proposed to estimate the walking of pipeline segments between two adjacent buckles.Then,the sensitivity of this method to heating and cooling cycles is analyzed.Results show the applicability of the proposed walking analytical solution of buckling pipelines.Subsequently,an influence analysis of walking on global buckling,including the capacity of buckling initiation,buckling amplitude,buckling mode,and failure assessment of the buckling pipeline,is performed.The results reveal that the effect of walking on the buckling axial force is negligible.However,pipeline walking will aggravate the asymmetry of the pipeline buckling and the failure parameters of the pipeline during the post-buckling.

Dynamic analysis of buried pipeline with and without barrier system subjected to underground detonation

Failure of pipe networks due to blast loads resulting from terrorist attacks or construction facilities, may cause economic loss, environmental pollution, source of firing or even it may lead to a disaster. The present work develops a closed-form solution of buried pipe with barrier system subjected to subsurface detonation. The solution is derived based on the concept of double-beam system. Euler Bernoulli's beams are used to simulate the buried pipe and the barrier system. Soil is idealized as viscoelastic foundation along with shear interaction between discrete Winkler springs(advanced soil model). The finite SineFourier transform is employed to solve the coupled partial differential equations. The solution is validated with past studies. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the influence of TNT charge weight, pipe material, damping ratio and TNT offset on the response of buried pipe with and without barrier system. Further a statistical analysis is carried out to get the significant soil and pipe input parameters. It is perceived that peak pipe displacements for both the cases(with and without barrier) are increases with increasing the weight of TNT charge and decreases with increasing the damping ratio and TNT offset. The deformation of pipe also varies with pipe material. Pipe safety against blast loads can be ensured by providing suitable barrier layer. The present study can be utilized in preliminary design stage as an alternative to expensive numerical analysis or field study.

隧道开挖对上覆既有管线影响的简化解析计算方法

[目的]当盾构隧道下穿既有管线时,会引起既有管线发生沉降变形,因此有必要通过理论计算对隧道开挖引起的上覆既有管线受力变形进行研究。[方法]基于两阶段法提出一种可预测隧道开挖对上覆既有管线变形响应影响的简化计算方法,先采用Loganathan公式获得隧道开挖引起的周围土体自由竖向位移,并把土体自由竖向位移附加在既有管线轴线上,再将既有管线简化为无限长梁搁置于Vlazov地基模型,考虑管线侧向土体的影响,利用有限差分法获得管线纵向变形的解析解。[结果及结论]将所提简化计算方法与既有文献中的实际工程监测数据进行对比,验证了所提简化计算方法的合理性;将所提简化计算方法同退化的Vlazov地基模型及Winkler地基模型计算结果进行对比,验证了所提简化计算方法更贴近实测数据。地层损失率、隧道开挖半径的增大会引起既有管线沉降及弯矩的增大;增大新建隧道与既有管线的夹角能够减小管线沉降,但会造成管线弯矩的增大。

滑坡作用下埋地管道的弹塑性地基反力解析法

目前关于弹塑性地基中滑坡段埋地管道的解析计算研究较少,计算结果不够精确。为探讨滑坡段埋地管道与土体接触的非线性特征,基于地基反力法,采用简化的弹塑性本构模型来模拟非线性管-土的相互作用,提出了埋地管道与土体相互作用的弹塑性地基反力解析法控制方程组,根据管道变形的连续性条件及边界条件求得管道挠度和内力的解析解,对管道变形和内力进行计算。结合算例进行分析,选取不同参数,探讨了地基反力系数k 0对管道变形和内力的影响。研究结果表明:随地基反力系数的增大,管道最大挠度、滑体中部管道弯矩及Mises应力逐渐减小,滑坡周界处管道弯矩及Mises应力逐渐增大;地基反力系数增大,土体对管道约束作用加强,从而引起管道挠度和内力的变化。与Winkler地基反力法相比,基于弹塑性地基反力法的滑坡作用下管道力学分析理论上更为严谨,有效地提高了计算精度。

Global lateral buckling analysis of idealized subsea pipelines

In order to avoid the curing effects of paraffin on the transport process and reduce the transport difficulty,usually high temperature and high pressure are used in the transportation of oil and gas.The differences of temperature and pressure cause additional stress along the pipeline,due to the constraint of the foundation soil,the additional stress can not release freely,when the additional stress is large enough to motivate the submarine pipelines buckle.In this work,the energy method is introduced to deduce the analytical solution which is suitable for the global buckling modes of idealized subsea pipeline and analyze the relationship between the critical buckling temperature,buckling length and amplitude under different high-order global lateral buckling modes.To obtain a consistent formulation of the problem,the principles of virtual displacements and the variation calculus for variable matching points are applied.The finite element method based on elasto-plastic theory is used to simulate the lateral global buckling of the pipelines under high temperature and pressure.The factors influencing the lateral buckling of pipelines are further studied.Based upon some actual engineering projects,the finite element results are compared with the analytical ones,and then the influence of thermal stress,the section rigidity of pipeline,the soil properties and the trigging force to the high order lateral buckling are discussed.The method of applying the small trigging force on pipeline is reliable in global buckling numerical analysis.In practice,increasing the section rigidity of a pipeline is an effective measure to improve the ability to resist the global buckling.

High-Order Lateral Buckling Analysis of Submarine Pipeline Under Thermal Stress

It is of importance to study and predict the possible buckling of submarine pipeline under thermal stress in pipeline design.Since soil resistance is not strong enough to restrain the large deformation of pipeline,high-order buckling modes occur very easily.Analytical solutions to high-order buckling modes were obtained in this paper.The relationships between buckling temperature and the amplitude or the wavelength of buckling modes were established.Analytical solutions were obtained to predict the occurrence and consequence of in-service buckling of a heated pipeline in an oil field.The effects of temperature difference and properties of subsoil on buckling modes were investigated.The results show that buckling will occur once temperature difference exceeds safe temperature;high-order pipeline buckling occurs very easily;the larger the friction coefficients are,the safer the submarine pipeline will be.

盾构下穿引起上覆管线变形的解析计算方法

盾构下穿易引起周边土体产生自由位移,并进一步对邻近既有管线的受力变形产生较大影响。从能量角度出发,采用Rayleigh-Ritz法获得管线变形函数,并基于Pasternak地基模型建立管线在外力作用下的势能方程,采用最小势能原理对管线能量进行变分求解,获得盾构下穿引起上覆既有管线受力变形解析解。与既有文献实际工程监测数据对比,验证了该方法计算结果的合理性;与基于Pasternak和Winkler地基模型差分解进行对比分析,该方法更贴近实测数据。进一步参数研究表明:增大隧道开挖半径、地层损失率会导致管线变形及其弯矩的增大;隧道与管线的夹角的增大会减轻管线变形,但会增大管线弯矩。

考虑剪切变形下盾构隧道引起上覆管线变形分析

对近邻上覆既有管线进行盾构开挖会引起管线产生附加变形,从而影响既有管线的安全。已有的理论研究将既有管线简化成Euler–Bernoulli梁搁置在Winkler和Pasternak地基模型上,未考虑管线的剪切效应及三参数Kerr地基模型对管–土相互作用的影响。基于此,本文提出一种可预测管线纵向变形的解析方法。采用Loganathan公式获得隧道开挖引起的周围土体自由竖向位移,把土体自由竖向位移附加在既有管线轴线上方,将既有管线简化成可考虑剪切变形的Timoshenko梁,采用Kerr地基模型模拟管–土相互作用;提出剪切层弯矩的计算假设,结合管线两端的边界条件获得管线在盾构隧道下穿作用下的受力变形响应。工程案例研究结果表明:与已有文献理论分析方法比较,该方法计算得出的理论解析结果更加贴近实测数据;与Euler–Bernoulli梁计算结果比较,Timoshenko梁给出的计算结果更具有优越性。参数研究表明:随着既有管线剪切刚度的增大,管线抵抗变形的能力逐渐增强,从而导致隧道下穿引起的管线变形逐步减小,但会引起管线内力反向增大;随着地层损失率增大,既有管线受到的外力逐步增大,使得管线变形及其内力也逐渐增大;随着管线直径的逐渐增大,管线在隧道下穿作用下引起的管–土相互作用力逐渐增大,最终导致既有管线所受到的应力应变增大。

双参数地基中隧道下穿既有管线的显式解析解分析

针对隧道下穿诱发既有管线响应问题,基于Pasternak地基模型推导管线变形控制微分方程,并采用朗斯基行列式和常数变易法给出全定义域内管线挠度、转角、弯矩和剪力的显式解析解。结合工程实例,将该方法所得管线挠度与实测数据及已有文献结果进行对比,对显式解析解的可行性和优异性进行验证。此外,分析了沉降槽宽度参数和剪切层刚度系数对管线响应的影响。结果表明:所提方法给出的管线挠度与实测数据吻合较好;随沉降槽宽度参数增大,管线响应范围扩大,管线挠度增加,管线最大转角先增大后减小,管线最大弯矩值和最大剪力值减小;随剪切层刚度系数增大,管线响应范围受到影响较小,管线挠度在隧道中轴线附近范围增加,管线转角在峰值附近范围增大,管线弯矩最大值和剪力最大值减小。

基于孔洞应力解析逼近解的深埋管道围岩稳定性分析

地下深埋管道在不同工作状态下的安全和稳定性一直受到工程技术人员的关注。应用平面孔洞应力解析逼近解理论,对3种不同工作压力下某深埋管道围岩应力和稳定性进行计算分析。计算结果表明,最大内压下洞室顶部和底部的大主应力小,侧壁应力大,角点处出现应力集中;塑性区的范围主要出现在洞室顶部和底部附近区域,且上下对称,明显形成压力拱。不同压力下,洞室顶部和底部应力随内压的增大而增大,而侧壁应力随之逐渐分布均匀;塑性区主要出现在洞室拱顶和底板区域,塑性区范围随压力增大而增大。计算结果为深埋管道围岩稳定性分析提供新的计算途径,为不同工作状态下管道的安全性提供理论支撑。

盾构隧道开挖引起既有管线的竖向变形

建立了基于双参数Pasternak地基模型的管线竖向变形计算方法,第一阶段采用Loganathan和Poulos提出的解析方法计算盾构隧道开挖引起的既有管线轴线位置处的土体自由位移场;第二阶段将既有管线视为Pasternak弹性地基上的无限长梁,将土体自由位移施加于管线,推导并求解了管线的平衡微分方程,得到了管线竖向位移和内力的表达式.进一步推导并求解了考虑侧向土体作用时的管线平衡微分方程,得到了更符合实际的管线变形.基于简化弹性空间法获得的地基参数,将Pasternak地基和Winkler地基的解析计算结果与数值计算结果以及工程实例监测数据进行对比验证,证明了Pasternak地基模型的优越性和本文计算方法的有效性.

含缺陷海底管道横向屈曲理论研究(英文)

考虑了初始几何缺陷对管道屈曲临界载荷的影响,基于经典热屈曲理论,推导了平坦海床上裸铺管道横向屈曲临界载荷的理论公式,给出了无限远处管道轴向力的计算公式及临界温度的计算公式。建立了平坦海床上裸铺管道的非线性有限元模型,并将有限元结果与解析结果进行了对比,验证了解析公式的合理性。

深海S-lay铺设大直径薄壁管道的奇异摄动分析

文中利用奇异摄动理论得到了深海管道S-lay铺设过程中的构型解析解,并研究了不同张紧力、水深以及海流力对管道构型及弯矩的影响.同时,采用有限元法对深海大直径管道铺设过程进行了数值仿真,并与奇异摄动解进行了对比和验证.理论结果表明:其他参数相同时,适当增大张紧力可使管道构型更平缓,对铺管有利;海水越深,管道的构型越陡,靠近海底处管道的弯矩峰值越大,对铺管不利;当管道受到与铺设方向相反的海流力时,海流力越大,靠近海底部管道弯矩的峰值越大,对铺管越不利.

温度应力下海底管线水平屈曲分析

温度应力下海底管线的屈曲大变形是管线设计中所要考虑的关键问题之一。以某实际工程为背景,应用理想平直管线发生水平向屈曲的解析解,分析了温差和地基土特性对管线屈曲大变形的影响。研究表明,在海底管线水平向屈曲的2种主要模式中,第2种屈曲模式对应的初始屈曲温差相对较低;地基土对管线的约束作用显著影响管线初始屈曲对应的温差。

牵引式滑坡作用下天然气管道力学响应研究

滑坡是威胁天然气管道安全运行的主要灾害之一,管道一旦发生破坏将导致灾难性后果。为研究滑坡载荷下天然气管道的力学行为,有效指导工程实践,根据悬链线及大变形梁理论,推导出牵引式滑坡作用下管道变形的最终形态,按照形态将管道分为三段,根据边值条件,通过迭代算法求解得到挠曲线解析表达式;最后,对不同的滑坡宽度、滑坡力以及管道壁厚进行了分析,结果发现滑坡宽度及滑坡力的增大加剧了管道的变形,适当增加管道壁厚,有助于提高管道刚度、减小变形。

非线性波浪荷载作用下裸置管道波浪力计算

为保证海底管道长期运行的稳定性,管道设计过程中需要充分考虑由非线性波浪荷载引起的波浪力。考虑海床土和孔隙水的压缩变形,基于非线性波浪理论,采用Biot固结方程,推导了非线性波浪荷载作用下裸置管道单位长度上的竖向作用力解析解,并结合埕岛油田不同海区50年一遇的波浪条件,计算不同尺寸的管道在各海区的波浪力极值。计算结果表明,在波浪条件相同的情况下,由于不同区域海床土的性质不同,所得到的极限波浪力有差别,因此在研究中不能忽视孔隙水的压缩和土骨架的变形。并将计算结果与采用有限元法计算该油田不同海区管道所受波浪力的情况进行对比,显示两种计算方法得到的结果相近,趋势相同。此成果在冀东滩海海底管道稳定性分析中得到了初步应用,实践表明给出的解析公式有一定的工程应用价值。

海底管道相邻屈曲最小间距的控制准则

平坦海床上裸铺管道不可能仅在一个位置发生屈曲,而是在一系列位置均有可能发生。为了激发第二个屈曲,两个屈曲之间应该保持足够的间距。如果两个屈曲之间的距离过小,则相邻屈曲之间的轴向力将达不到第二个屈曲的临界荷载,无法激发第二个屈曲。论文提出了最小屈曲间距的滑动距离判别法,给出了最小屈曲间距的判别公式。

地震管道的横向平稳随机振动

针对地震作用对埋地管道的影响程度,应用数值计算方法得到振型函数的解析解。该计算方法假设埋地管道的平稳随机振动是线性振动的问题,即管—土系统的激励和响应都具有零均值,以此得到的协方差函数和相关函数是等同的。根据求解埋地管道平稳振动解析解的方法,分析管道的横向振动情况。结果表明,对于横向振动,管道中部应力和位移趋于恒定,边界区域的应力和位移是变化的,埋地管道的横向平稳振动的最大应力发生在滑动边界上。

考虑椭圆化和材料各向异性的管道极限弯矩承载力解析解研究

已有的管道极限弯矩承载力解析方法忽略了截面的椭圆化变形,且假设管道截面达到全塑性抵抗力,这对于薄壁管道是不合理的。针对这些不足,在已有解析解的基础上,考虑管道截面塑性区的椭圆化变形以及管道轴向与环向材料的各向异性,推导了管道在内压、轴向力和弯矩联合荷载作用下的极限弯矩承载力解析解。并通过定义材料屈服后不同的广义模量,提出了管道极限弯矩承载力的上限解析解和下限解析解。在此基础上,研究了材料各向异性系数、径厚比以及初始荷载等参数对极限弯矩承载力上限和下限解析解的影响,并得到了一些有益的结论。