A game theoretical approach for distributed resource allocation with uncertainty

Purpose-The paper aims to build the connections between game theory and the resource allocation problem with general uncertainty.It proposes modeling the distributed resource allocation problem by Bayesian game.During this paper,three basic kinds of uncertainties are discussed.Therefore,the purpose of this paper is to build the connections between game theory and the resource allocation problem with general uncertainty.Design/methodology/approach-In this paper,the Bayesian game is proposed for modeling the resource allocation problem with uncertainty.The basic game theoretical model contains three parts:agents,utility function,and decision-making process.Therefore,the probabilistic weighted Shapley value(WSV)is applied to design the utility function of the agents.For achieving the Bayesian Nash equilibrium point,the rational learning method is introduced for optimizing the decision-making process of the agents.Findings-The paper provides empirical insights about how the game theoretical model deals with the resource allocation problem uncertainty.A probabilistic WSV function was proposed to design the utility function of agents.Moreover,the rational learning was used to optimize the decision-making process of agents for achieving Bayesian Nash equilibrium point.By comparing with the models with full information,the simulation results illustrated the effectiveness of the Bayesian game theoretical methods for the resource allocation problem under uncertainty.Originality/value-This paper designs a Bayesian theoretical model for the resource allocation problem under uncertainty.The relationships between the Bayesian game and the resource allocation problem are discussed.

Ensemble learning framework for landslide susceptibility mapping:Different basic classifier and ensemble strategy

The application of ensemble learning models has been continuously improved in recent landslide susceptibility research,but most studies have no unified ensemble framework.Moreover,few papers have discussed the applicability of the ensemble learning model in landslide susceptibility mapping at the township level.This study aims at defining a robust ensemble framework that can become the benchmark method for future research dealing with the comparison of different ensemble models.For this purpose,the present work focuses on three different basic classifiers:decision tree(DT),support vector machine(SVM),and multi-layer perceptron neural network model(MLPNN)and two homogeneous ensemble models such as random forest(RF)and extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost).The hierarchical construction of deep ensemble relied on two leading ensemble technologies(i.e.,homogeneous/heterogeneous model ensemble and bagging,boosting,stacking ensemble strategy)to provide a more accurate and effective spatial probability of landslide occurrence.The selected study area is Dazhou town,located in the Jurassic red-strata area in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China,which is a strategic economic area currently characterized by widespread landslide risk.Based on a long-term field investigation,the inventory counting thirty-three slow-moving landslide polygons was drawn.The results show that the ensemble models do not necessarily perform better;for instance,the Bagging based DT-SVM-MLPNNXGBoost model performed worse than the single XGBoost model.Amongst the eleven tested models,the Stacking based RF-XGBoost model,which is a homogeneous model based on bagging,boosting,and stacking ensemble,showed the highest capability of predicting the landslide-affected areas.Besides,the factor behaviors of DT,SVM,MLPNN,RF and XGBoost models reflected the characteristics of slow-moving landslides in the Three Gorges reservoir area,wherein unfavorable lithological conditions and intense human engineering activities(i.e.,reservoir water level fluctuation,residential area construction,and farmland development)are proven to be the key triggers.The presented approach could be used for landslide spatial occurrence prediction in similar regions and other fields.