A Thematic Analysis of the Novel Open Secrets from Psychoanalysis Perspective

Alice Munro,the first short story writer in Canada to receive the Nobel Prize laureate in 2013,applies the unconscious to the portrayal of characters and the construction of engrossing stories.Based on the unconscious theory of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis,this article focuses on one of Alice Munro’s short stories,Open Secrets,by analyzing the unconscious of representative characters,to explore their power conversion through the conflicts triggered by their unconscious mind.Via uncovering their unique personalities and values,as well as displaying their power against each other through conflict,this article reveals that the relationship between characters is sophisticated and changeable,and their power against each other has been a state of change in continuous conflicts.Behind the unconscious displays a thoroughly different comparison of forces:the strong who behaves violently and arrogantly actually shows weakness;in turn,the obedience and endurance of the weak strongly manifest a tenacious resistance.

Psychosocial Group Intervention at a Low-Resource Setting Environment for Women Who Are Diagnosed and Treated for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review

Africa faces significant challenges in terms of material and personnel resources for oncology interventions. This is particularly evident in South Africa, where resources are divided into high- and low-resource settings. High-resource settings cater to those with financial means to access private oncology facilities. However, many breast cancer patients receive care in South Africa’s low-resource settings, such as public hospital oncology clinics. Unfortunately, these settings have limited service providers and fail to offer comprehensive interventions, resulting in poor outcomes. However, recent research has highlighted the significance of socially supportive relationships in promoting healing and overall individual well-being, and spirituality has been identified as a source of positive outcomes in cancer patients. This systematic review paper explores the feasibility of implementing support group cancer care and interventions that incorporate social support networks available in community settings, and spiritual practices facilitated by traditional healers, and religious/spiritual leaders. These interventions can be provided within low-resource settings to women diagnosed with breast cancer. Inclusive participation of spouses, children, and extended family in the support group cancer care can facilitate healing for the entire system. Focusing on the strengths and resources within communities and incorporating these complementary services, can enhance the well-being and quality of life for Black African women diagnosed with breast cancer, despite low-resource settings. This approach acknowledges the potential of community-based support networks and encourages collaboration between various stakeholders, including community health educators, nurses, lay counselors, and community volunteers, to address the complex needs of these patients.

汉语语境中弗洛伊德“Unconscious”的翻译及相关问题

Unconscious术语是弗洛伊德精神分析理论体系的基石,而在汉语语境中该术语的翻译乃至其人格结构体系中Preconscious和Unconscious之间关系的界定存在着混乱状况.经过考察弗洛伊德著作的英文译本以及中国最初引介弗洛伊德理论的文献,可以认为,Unconscious既可以翻译成“无意识”,又可以翻译成“潜意识”,但是在同一部著作中它被作为两个不同的概念来使用是错误的.Subconscious可以翻译成“下意识”,但它不是弗洛伊德的术语.同时,前意识是描述意义上的无意识,不是动力意义上的无意识,因此在弗洛伊德理论体系中,无意识不包含前意识.

Dream and Creative Writing

Freud asserts that the unconscious will express its suppressed wishes and desires. The unconscious will then redirect andreshape these concealed wishes into acceptable social activities, presenting them in the form of images or symbols in our dreams and/or our writings. Dream is the unconscious which promotes the creative writing.

Subliminal faces with different valence: Unconscious mismatch detection indicates interactions between unconscious processing

Many studies revealed unconscious effects on conscious processing. However, in this study, we tried to investigate whether unconscious processes could interact with each other by using simultaneously presented face pictures with the same or a different unconscious valence (SUV versus DUV). In the first event-related potential (ERP) study, DUV elicited a smaller N2 as compared with SUV. In the second functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment, the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) was activated under DUV condition in comparison to SUV condition. These results support the idea of interactions between unconscious processes (unconscious mismatch detection). The theoretical implications are discussed in the light of the global neuronal workspace theory.

高唐神女传说之再析——一个冥婚习俗观点的考察

楚先王梦遇高唐神女的传说故事,其深层内蕴除具有远古圣婚仪式的原型积淀外,也反映出战国以降的冥婚习俗,而这类未婚死亡少女寻觅夫婿的冥婚习俗更常见于六朝"邂逅神女"型传说故事之中。不过,这层社会学意义上的现实风俗习惯却始终隐蔽未彰,反倒是神女传说故事背后的心理学意义上的集体无意识原型持续在历史上发挥着影响,那即是男性内在心理不断冲突的无意识情结。因而不论是《高唐赋》中神话英雄冒险求女历程的神话原型,或是六朝"邂逅神女"的故事类型,其主要功能都是在化解男性内在心理永恒性的对立矛盾情结,超越由此而造成的精神困惑和焦虑,恢复心理的平衡与和谐。可是这个平衡和谐终将又产生出新的矛盾对立,也正由于这个"对立──平衡──对立"的循环辩证怪圈,使得女神原型意象在历史上一再反复出现于梦境、神话、文学和艺术作品当中,也形成一个在中国古代文学长河中令人玩味不已的主题。

Neuroscience, unconscious processes: Clinical applications

This article reviews selected neuroscience and psychoanalytic writings about respective concepts regarding unconscious processes. Two objectives are pursued. The first is the modification of an apparent dualistic view of the psychoanalytic, dynamic unconscious described by Freud and the implicit, automated unconscious described by neuroscientists into a unified unconscious process concept. Secondly, to examine the functional, structural theory of Freud and to connect it to neuroscience findings via neurodevelopment and the concomitant development of speech and language, an exclusive communicative capacity of the human species. The goal is to illustrate the application of the objectives into clinical settings.

The Negotiation between Greenblatt and Jameson on Politics and Poetics in Contemporary China

Stephen Greenblatt who first introduces the term“New Historicism”,for these years has gradually entered the mainstream from the edge of the academic and has influenced many fields fundamentally.For Greenblatt,the relationship between society and literature,politics and poetics,is the key to the study of Cultural Poetics.Therefore,in the thesis of“Towards a Poetics of Culture”,he debated with Jameson,considering him asalien,and taking the contemporary China as an argument in order to demonstrate that the functional distinctions between politics and poetics should be separated.Moreover,he deemed that these two must be adjusted in order to adapt to each other.If we learn from the methodology of New Historicism that focuses on contexts and interpretation patterns,we will find that the divergence of their views can be eventually traced back to the theoretical,political and ideological differences.

Influence of Unconscious Emotional Control Goals Priming on Anticipatory Anxiety and Physiological Activity

Individuals frequently generate emotion during the anticipation process and the anticipatory emotion has an important adaptive significance, especially the negative anticipative emotion. Many researches used conscious emotion regulation strategy and successfully reduced negative anticipatory emotion. However, it is costly for our limited cognition. In the present study, we used sentence unscrambling tasks to prime unconscious emotion control goal and investigated its effect on anticipatory anxiety, including experience and physiological activity. The results showed that 1) relative to anticipating neutral images, participations’ anxiety experience and skin conductance level were higher when anticipating negative and unknown images;2) participants who had a unconscious emotion control goal primed achieved the same decrease in skin conductance as those explicitly instructed to reappraise, compared to a control group;3) heart rate was not affected by experiment condition and anticipation type. Together, these findings suggest that unconscious emotion regulation may provide an effective mean of regulating negative anticipatory emotion.

Cellular Psychology Assumption: Based upon Exterior Algebra, It Contributes to Explaining the Variability of the Bioeffects of Magnetic and Electromagnetic Fields

According to its own purposes, including survival, the cell reacts to the conditions of its medium. Such a vital phenomenon implies relational energetics. It includes unconscious psychic energy whose regulating model is the Life and Sense archetype. Its relational power could result from a natural algebraic property of extension. This extension can extend any organic magnitude to 4D event. Thus it allows some perception of the extracellular structure variations. This perception applies to moving forces of the cell signaling activators, through psychic energy. This psychical energy includes a potential, the cell attitude or status, and psychic moving forces, or tendencies. Insofar as the psychic potential is sensitive to proton structures, and the psychic moving forces are excitable by electron exchanges, a phase shift between us may occur. Medium stimulation by adequate magnetic fields could modulate this phase shift in a therapeutic direction.

Imperfection of Domain Knowledge and Its Formalization in Context of Design of Robust Software Systems

In this paper, it is emphasized that taking into consideration of imperfection of knowledge, of the team of the designers/developers, about the problem domains and environments is essential in order to develop robust software metrics and systems. In this respect, first various possible types of imperfections in knowledge are discussed and then various available formal/mathematical models for representing and handling these imperfections are discussed. The discussion of knowledge classification & representation is from computational perspective and that also within the context of software development enterprise, and not necessarily from organizational management, from library & information science, or from psychological perspectives.

A Systematic Review of Intuition—A Way of Knowing in Clinical Nursing?

The aim of this systematic review was to illuminate intuition in clinical nursing. Frequently described as a defining characteristic of professional expertise, intuition is gaining acceptance as a legitimate form of knowledge in clinical nursing. A total of 352 abstracts were read and eight quantitative studies included. A thematic analysis was performed to one main theme, two themes, and four sub-themes emerged. The main theme was: Sensing an unconscious and conscious state of mind, and the two themes were: A sudden emotional awareness and reflection, and arousal of conscious thought processes. The first theme included two sub-themes: Sensing spiritual connections with patients and experiencing physical sensations;worrying and reassuring feelings. The second theme comprised two sub-themes: Willingness to act on personal, interpersonal, and clinical experiences;the influence of maturity and social support in clinical decision-making. An implication for clinical nursing was the need to develop sensitivity as a key to understanding the patient’s illness. In conclusion, leadership and management could facilitate discussions about intuition as a legitimate method of processing information and making decisions about patient care.

On Multi-Level Thinking and Scientific Understanding

Professor Duzheng YE＇s name has been familiar to me ever since my postdoctoral years at MIT with Professors Jule CHARNEY and Norman PHILLIPS, back in the late 1960 s. I had the enormous pleasure of meeting Professor YE personally in 1992 in Beijing. His concern to promote the very best science and to use it well, and his thinking on multi-level orderly human activities, reminds me not only of the communication skills we need as scientists but also of the multi-level nature of science itself. Here I want to say something（a） about what science is;（b） about why multi-level thinking—and taking more than one viewpoint—is so important for scientific as well as for other forms of understanding; and（c） about what is meant, at a deep level, by ＂scientific understanding＂ and trying to communicate it, not only with lay persons but also across professional disciplines. I hope that Professor YE would approve.

A Contradiction of Collective Unconscious and Personal Unconscious in Daisy in The Great Gatsby

The Great Gatsby written by Fitzgerald is an influential classic in American literature,and its author Fitzgerald is consid ered as a chronicler of the“Jazz Age”.There are three main women characters in the novel and they all play important roles in re vealing the theme.Undoubtedly,these women are all the victims of the society in American twenties.This paper tries to analyze the contradictory characters in Daisy based on Jung Carl Gustav’s collective unconscious and personal unconscious.

Who is Uninvited?——Psychoanalytic Reading of“The Uninvited”

"The Uninvited"presents a psychological story of a girl named Anna living with her trauma and fantasy who finally killed her would-be step-mother,Rachel.Employing the psychoanalytic approach,this essay tries to explore the reasons behind her behaviors and points out who is uninvited in the story.

Quantitative electroencephalography in predicting on outcome of awakening in long-term unconscious patients after severe traumatic brain injury

Objective To explore quantitative electroencephalography in unconscious patients after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) to predict awakening. Methods All cases were divided into two groups(the awake group 19 cases and the unfavourable prognosis group 22 cases).Two weeks after admission the original EEGs were preformed in 41 patients suffering from severe TBI with duration of disturbance of

西方形式主义艺术心理学

斯蒂芬·纽顿(Stephen J.Newton)是英国艺术心理学家和画家,任教于北昂布瑞亚大学,其学术专著《绘画的心理特征与精神分析》于2001年由牛津大学出版社出版。全书分七章,研究当代艺术心理学的理论前沿,涉及20世纪后半期以来的形式主义、象征主义、抽象艺术和后现代的艺术心理学。这里翻译的是该书第二章《艺术的形式语言》的前三节,《形式》、《率意形式》和《率意形式的感知》(第四节《知觉中的结构压抑》因篇幅过长未译),主要讨论埃伦茨威格有关"率意形式"的理论。安敦·埃伦茨威格(1908-1966)是奥地利裔英国著名艺术心理学家,他在名著《艺术的隐秘秩序》(1967)中提出了"率意形式"的概念,是为英国形式主义艺术理论家克利夫·贝尔之"蕴意形式"(又译"有意味的形式")的反概念,对我们理解艺术创造力问题和抽象艺术极有意义。

Analytic Phenomenology(or"What It Is Like")vs.Husserlian Phenomenology

I begin this paper by outlining two senses of"phenomenology."First,the"what it is like"or"analytic tradition"sense:the verbalization of qualitative states of consciousness of which we are aware.Second,the"Continental"sense:the rigorous study of the structures of consciousness.I outline the ways in which these two senses diverge.First,Continental phenomenology involves a diversified account of consciousness,states of awareness,and the human person.The phenomenologist articulates this account not by introspection but via acts of phenomenological reflection concerning eidetic intuitions about essential structural features.Second,via the method of"sense explication,"the phenomenologist can articulate an account of passive and subconscious states which we are not strictly"aware"of.The conclusion shows these divergences of senses are sometimes overlooked,leading to equivocation.Zahavi and Gallagher must be employing the"what it is like"sense when they make certain"phenomenological"arguments concerning social cognition,yet Spaulding's ensuing critique of phenomenology is directed at Continental phenomenology.Also,it is only phenomenology in the"what it is like"sense which cannot contribute to subpersonal psychology.Genetic Continental phenomenology describes the lawful relations amongst the precursors and preconditions which give rise to conscious experience,constituting a type of(non-causal)subpersonal explanation.

Effect of Unconscious Goal Priming on Athletes'Self-Confidence

Self-confidence is one of the most important conditions needed for athletes to succeed.The way in which the self-confidence of athletes may be improved is an eternal topic in training and competition.This study aimed to examine whether uncon-scious goal priming can improve athletes'explicit and implicit self-confidence through three experiments.Experiment 1 was aimed at exploring the effect of unconscious goal priming on athletes'self-confidence.For the purpose of this experiment,120 athletes were randomly divided into a priming group and a control group.Experiment 2 was aimed at examining the training effect of unconscious goal priming on athletes'self-confidence and for the purpose of this experiment 16 rhythmic gymnastics athletes were selected as subjects.Experiment 3 was aimed at checking the replication of the training effect of unconscious goal priming on athletes'self-confidence employing 16 judo athletes as subjects.The results indicated that unconscious goal priming improved athletes'explicit self-confidence but not implicit self-confidence,while unconscious goal priming intervention improved both athletes'explicit and implicit self-confidence.These results provide an economical and convenient alternative for improving athletes'self-confidence.