The oxidative polycondensation reaction conditions of 4-[（4-hydroxybenzylidene） amino] phenol （4-HBAP） were studied with H2O2, air oxygen and NaOCl in an aqueous alkaline medium between 50 and 90℃. The structures...The oxidative polycondensation reaction conditions of 4-[（4-hydroxybenzylidene） amino] phenol （4-HBAP） were studied with H2O2, air oxygen and NaOCl in an aqueous alkaline medium between 50 and 90℃. The structures of the obtained monomer and polymer were confirmed by FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H- and 13C-NMR and elemental analysis. The characterization was made by TG-DTA, size exclusion chromatography （SEC） and solubility tests. At the optimum reaction conditions, the yield of poly[4-（4-hydroxybenzylidene amino） phenol] （P-4-HBAP） was found to be 48.3% （for H2O2 oxidant）, 80.5% （for air O2 oxidant） and 86.4% （for NaOCl oxidant）. According to the SEC analysis, the number-average molecular weight （Mn）, weight-average molecular weight （Mw） and polydispersity index （PDI） values of P-4-HBAP was found to be 8950, 10970 g tool^-1 and 1.225, respectively, using H202; and l l610, 15190 g tool^-1 and 1.308 respectively, using air 02 and 7900, 9610 g mol^-1 and 1.216, respectively, using NaOC1. According to TG-DTA analyses, P-4-HBAP was more stable than 4-HBAP against thermal decomposition. The weight loss of P-4-HBAP was found to be 49.27% at 1000℃. The highest occupied molecular orbital （HOMO） and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital （LUMO） values calculated from electrochemical measurement. Electrochemical energy gaps （Eg＇） of 4-HBAP and P-4-HBAP were found to be -5.46, -5.28; -2.26, -2.67; 3.20 and 2.61 eV, respectively. According to UV-Vis measurements, optical band gap （Eg） of 4-HBAP and P-4-HBAP were found to be 3.34 and 3.01 eV, respectively. Also, antimicrobial activities of 4-HBAP and P-4-HBAP were examined against selected some bacteria. The electrical conductivity of the polymer was measured after doping with iodine.展开更多
The importance of good site progress records in quality assurance; tracking project progress; preparing, analyzing and resolving claims; and placing responsibilities in the event of dispute in building contracts is wi...The importance of good site progress records in quality assurance; tracking project progress; preparing, analyzing and resolving claims; and placing responsibilities in the event of dispute in building contracts is widely recognized. This study engaged Public Building Supervisors in the assessment of site progress record keeping practices in Abuja. A simple structured questionnaire （which mainly assessed the nature and importance of records kept, reasons for keeping them; level of satisfaction with the current approach, challenges and practical ways of improving the practice） was administrated to a hundred of the supervisors, out of which seventy one was properly completed and returned. The results show that all five site progress documents （minutes of progress meetings, day-work sheets, photographs, weekly site records and personal site diaries） found in literature, are in use in Abuja, and have at least a high importance rating （i.e., relative importance index, 0.6 〈 RII 〈 0.8）. Prominent among the reasons for keeping the records are： control of ongoing work （R11 = 0.83） data for estimating future works and terms of contract requirement （each with RII = 0.823）. Though the present record keeping practices were largely assessed satisfactory, 95% of the Supervisors still yearned for improvement. The challenges to the current practice are consistent with those identified in literature and are： continuity consistency, legibility and accountability; in descending order of frequency of occurrence. Computerization, regular inspection of progress documents by assigned supervisors and in-house training of site staff are recommended for improving the record keeping practices.展开更多
背景：近来，抗抑郁药特别是选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors，SSRIs)的使用与自杀观念和行为的关系颇受公众注意。10多岁的青少年使用这些药物的情况尤其令人关注。目的：与用多舒平(dothiepin)...背景：近来，抗抑郁药特别是选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors，SSRIs)的使用与自杀观念和行为的关系颇受公众注意。10多岁的青少年使用这些药物的情况尤其令人关注。目的：与用多舒平(dothiepin)开始治疗的患者比较，评估采用抗抑郁药(3种中之1种)开始治疗的患者发生非致命自杀行为的相对危险性(relative risks，RRs)。设计和地点：使用1993—1999年英国全科研究数据库(uK General Practice Research Database)，对英国全科门诊收治的患者进行匹配病例对照研究。参试者：基本人群包括159810例抗抑郁药(4种)使用者。参试者仅服用其中1种抗抑郁药，并且在检索日期(病例组为发生自杀行为或观念的日期，匹配对照组与其相同)前90天内必须接受至少1次研究性抗抑郁药处方。主要观察指标：与相应无自杀行为的患者比较，有首次非致命自杀行为或自杀记录的患者首次使用阿米替林(amitriptyline)、氟西汀(fluoxetine)、帕罗西汀(paroxetine)和多舒平的频率。结果：在控制年龄、性别、发病时间(calendar time)以及首次处方抗抑郁药至发生自杀行为的时间后，与使用多舒平的患者比较，病例组(555例)和对照组(2062例)新发非致命自杀行为的相对危险阿米替林为0．83(95％可信区间[CI]，0．61-1.13)，氟西汀为1．16(95％CI，0．90～1．50)，帕罗西汀为1．29(95％CI，0．97-1.70)。与检索日期前≥90天首次处方一种抗抑郁药的患者比较，检索日期前1～9天首次处方1种抗抑郁药的患者发生自杀行为的RR为4．07(95％CI，2．89—5．74)。然而，首次处方抗抑郁药的时间并非抗抑郁药与自杀行为关系的混淆因素，因为在4种研究药物使用者中，它与自杀行为的关系并无显著差异。致命性自杀情况与之相同，与检索日期前≥90天首次处方1种抗抑郁药的患者比较，检索日期前1～9天首次处方1种抗抑郁药的患者，其RR为38．0(95％CI，6．2—231)。具体抗抑郁药的使用与自杀危险并无显著关联。结论：与使用多舒平的患者比较，阿米替林、氟西汀和帕罗西汀使用者在开始抗抑郁药治疗后发生自杀行为的危险相似。抗抑郁药物开始治疗后第1个月患者发生自杀行为的危险增加(特别是在开始的1—9天)。开始最新抗抑郁药帕罗西汀治疗的患者发生自杀危险的可能性略有增加(临界显著水平)，这很可能是由于未控制抑郁症严重度这一混淆所致。根据有限的资料，我们认为本文4种药物对10—19岁的患者疗效并无显著差异。展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the TUBITAK Grants Commission for a research grant(No.TBAG-2451(104T062)).
文摘The oxidative polycondensation reaction conditions of 4-[（4-hydroxybenzylidene） amino] phenol （4-HBAP） were studied with H2O2, air oxygen and NaOCl in an aqueous alkaline medium between 50 and 90℃. The structures of the obtained monomer and polymer were confirmed by FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H- and 13C-NMR and elemental analysis. The characterization was made by TG-DTA, size exclusion chromatography （SEC） and solubility tests. At the optimum reaction conditions, the yield of poly[4-（4-hydroxybenzylidene amino） phenol] （P-4-HBAP） was found to be 48.3% （for H2O2 oxidant）, 80.5% （for air O2 oxidant） and 86.4% （for NaOCl oxidant）. According to the SEC analysis, the number-average molecular weight （Mn）, weight-average molecular weight （Mw） and polydispersity index （PDI） values of P-4-HBAP was found to be 8950, 10970 g tool^-1 and 1.225, respectively, using H202; and l l610, 15190 g tool^-1 and 1.308 respectively, using air 02 and 7900, 9610 g mol^-1 and 1.216, respectively, using NaOC1. According to TG-DTA analyses, P-4-HBAP was more stable than 4-HBAP against thermal decomposition. The weight loss of P-4-HBAP was found to be 49.27% at 1000℃. The highest occupied molecular orbital （HOMO） and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital （LUMO） values calculated from electrochemical measurement. Electrochemical energy gaps （Eg＇） of 4-HBAP and P-4-HBAP were found to be -5.46, -5.28; -2.26, -2.67; 3.20 and 2.61 eV, respectively. According to UV-Vis measurements, optical band gap （Eg） of 4-HBAP and P-4-HBAP were found to be 3.34 and 3.01 eV, respectively. Also, antimicrobial activities of 4-HBAP and P-4-HBAP were examined against selected some bacteria. The electrical conductivity of the polymer was measured after doping with iodine.
文摘The importance of good site progress records in quality assurance; tracking project progress; preparing, analyzing and resolving claims; and placing responsibilities in the event of dispute in building contracts is widely recognized. This study engaged Public Building Supervisors in the assessment of site progress record keeping practices in Abuja. A simple structured questionnaire （which mainly assessed the nature and importance of records kept, reasons for keeping them; level of satisfaction with the current approach, challenges and practical ways of improving the practice） was administrated to a hundred of the supervisors, out of which seventy one was properly completed and returned. The results show that all five site progress documents （minutes of progress meetings, day-work sheets, photographs, weekly site records and personal site diaries） found in literature, are in use in Abuja, and have at least a high importance rating （i.e., relative importance index, 0.6 〈 RII 〈 0.8）. Prominent among the reasons for keeping the records are： control of ongoing work （R11 = 0.83） data for estimating future works and terms of contract requirement （each with RII = 0.823）. Though the present record keeping practices were largely assessed satisfactory, 95% of the Supervisors still yearned for improvement. The challenges to the current practice are consistent with those identified in literature and are： continuity consistency, legibility and accountability; in descending order of frequency of occurrence. Computerization, regular inspection of progress documents by assigned supervisors and in-house training of site staff are recommended for improving the record keeping practices.
文摘背景：近来，抗抑郁药特别是选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors，SSRIs)的使用与自杀观念和行为的关系颇受公众注意。10多岁的青少年使用这些药物的情况尤其令人关注。目的：与用多舒平(dothiepin)开始治疗的患者比较，评估采用抗抑郁药(3种中之1种)开始治疗的患者发生非致命自杀行为的相对危险性(relative risks，RRs)。设计和地点：使用1993—1999年英国全科研究数据库(uK General Practice Research Database)，对英国全科门诊收治的患者进行匹配病例对照研究。参试者：基本人群包括159810例抗抑郁药(4种)使用者。参试者仅服用其中1种抗抑郁药，并且在检索日期(病例组为发生自杀行为或观念的日期，匹配对照组与其相同)前90天内必须接受至少1次研究性抗抑郁药处方。主要观察指标：与相应无自杀行为的患者比较，有首次非致命自杀行为或自杀记录的患者首次使用阿米替林(amitriptyline)、氟西汀(fluoxetine)、帕罗西汀(paroxetine)和多舒平的频率。结果：在控制年龄、性别、发病时间(calendar time)以及首次处方抗抑郁药至发生自杀行为的时间后，与使用多舒平的患者比较，病例组(555例)和对照组(2062例)新发非致命自杀行为的相对危险阿米替林为0．83(95％可信区间[CI]，0．61-1.13)，氟西汀为1．16(95％CI，0．90～1．50)，帕罗西汀为1．29(95％CI，0．97-1.70)。与检索日期前≥90天首次处方一种抗抑郁药的患者比较，检索日期前1～9天首次处方1种抗抑郁药的患者发生自杀行为的RR为4．07(95％CI，2．89—5．74)。然而，首次处方抗抑郁药的时间并非抗抑郁药与自杀行为关系的混淆因素，因为在4种研究药物使用者中，它与自杀行为的关系并无显著差异。致命性自杀情况与之相同，与检索日期前≥90天首次处方1种抗抑郁药的患者比较，检索日期前1～9天首次处方1种抗抑郁药的患者，其RR为38．0(95％CI，6．2—231)。具体抗抑郁药的使用与自杀危险并无显著关联。结论：与使用多舒平的患者比较，阿米替林、氟西汀和帕罗西汀使用者在开始抗抑郁药治疗后发生自杀行为的危险相似。抗抑郁药物开始治疗后第1个月患者发生自杀行为的危险增加(特别是在开始的1—9天)。开始最新抗抑郁药帕罗西汀治疗的患者发生自杀危险的可能性略有增加(临界显著水平)，这很可能是由于未控制抑郁症严重度这一混淆所致。根据有限的资料，我们认为本文4种药物对10—19岁的患者疗效并无显著差异。
