Transcriptome-Wide Identification and Functional Analysis of PgSQE08-01 Gene in Ginsenoside Biosynthesis in Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.

Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.is an important plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine,whose primary active ingredient is a ginsenoside.Ginsenoside biosynthesis is not only regulated by transcription factors but also controlled by a variety of structural genes.Nonetheless,the molecular mechanism underlying ginsenoside biosynthesis has always been a topic in the discussion of ginseng secondary metabolites.Squalene epoxidase(SQE)is a key enzyme in the mevalonic acid pathway,which affects the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as terpenoid.Using ginseng transcriptome,expression,and ginsenoside content databases,this study employed bioinformatic methods to systematically analyze the genes encoding SQE in ginseng.We first selected six PgSQE candidates that were closely involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis and then identified PgSQE08-01 to be highly associated with ginsenoside biosynthesis.Next,we constructed the overexpression vector pCAMBIA3301-PgSQE08-01 and the RNAi vector pART27-PgSQE08-01 and transformed ginseng adventitious roots using Agrobacterium rhizogenes,to obtain positive hairy-root clones.Thereafter,quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to determine the expression of relevant genes and ginsenoside content,respectively.Then,we focused on the function of PgSQE08-01 gene,which was noted to be involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis.Thus,these findings not only provided a molecular basis for the identification of important functional genes in ginseng but also enriched genetic resources for the biosynthesis of ginsenosides using synthetic biology.

Efficacy of ginseng-based Renshenguben oral solution for cancer-related fatigue among patients with advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma:A prospective multicenter cohort study

Background:Cancer-related fatigue(CRF)is a common and debilitating symptom experienced by patients with advanced-stage cancer,especially those undergoing antitumor therapy.This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Renshenguben(RSGB)oral solution,a ginseng-based traditional Chinese medicine,in alleviating CRF in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)receiving antitumor treatment.Methods:In this prospective,open-label,controlled,multicenter study,patients with advanced HCC at BCLC stage C and a brief fatigue inventory(BFI)score of≥4 were enrolled.Participants were assigned to the RSGB group(RSGB,10 mL twice daily)or the control group(with supportive care).Primary and secondary endpoints were the change in multidimensional fatigue inventory(MFI)score,and BFI and functional assessment of cancer therapy-hepatobiliary(FACT-Hep)scores at weeks 4 and 8 after enrollment.Adverse events(AEs)and toxicities were assessed.Results:A total of 409 participants were enrolled,with 206 assigned to the RSGB group.At week 4,there was a trend towards improvement,but the differences were not statistically significant.At week 8,the RSGB group exhibited a significantly lower MFI score(P<0.05)compared to the control group,indicating improved fatigue levels.Additionally,the RSGB group showed significantly greater decrease in BFI and FACT-Hep scores at week 8(P<0.05).Subgroup analyses among patients receiving various antitumor treatments showed similar results.Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that the RSGB group experienced a significantly substantial decrease in MFI,BFI,and FACT-Hep scores at week 8.No serious drug-related AEs or toxicities were observed.Conclusions:RSGB oral solution effectively reduced CRF in patients with advanced HCC undergoing antitumor therapy over an eight-week period,with no discernible toxicities.These findings support the potential of RSGB oral solution as an adjunctive treatment for managing CRF in this patient population.

西洋参中皂苷类成分表征和炮制导致成分转化的研究进展

西洋参富含多种药理活性物质,具有保护心血管系统、改善神经系统疾病和降血糖等多种药理作用,目前对西洋参中皂苷类成分的结构表征及炮制转化研究取得了显著进展.总结概括西洋参中皂苷类活性成分的分类和分布、现代主流分析技术以及炮制加工对皂苷类成分的转化机制,为西洋参皂苷类成分的深入挖掘和创新炮制技术等提供有效的技术支撑和指导方法,从而扩大其在医疗和保健等方面的应用.

微生物提升人参属药用植物品质的应用前景

在简要介绍人参属药用植物的药用价值及其在传统医学中的地位的基础上,阐述了微生物在其生长和品质形成中的关键作用;分析了土壤微生物群落如何通过调节根系环境促进人参健康生长,并影响次生代谢途径以增强药用物质的积累;提出了微生物菌剂施用对优化土壤微生物结构、提升土壤酶活性、改善土壤化学性质的重要性,为人参属药用植物提供了更优生长条件。此外,还探讨了微生物发酵技术在促进药用物质生产中的应用,以及特定微生物菌株增强人参属植物的抗病害和非生物胁迫耐受性,为人参属药用植物的可持续生产和品质提升提供了新策略。最后,展望了微生物在克服人参属连作障碍中的潜力,并对微生物在人参属药用植物上的研究方向提出了建议。

Screening of Two Biocontrol Strains of Bacillus subtilis against Ginseng Soil-borne Disease and Their Antifungal Activities

[ Objective] The paper was to obtain biocontrol strains with good control effects against ginseng soil-borne disease through screening. [ Method] Dilu- tion plate method and plate confrontation culture method were used to isolate and screen biocontrol bacteria from the rhizosphere soil of diseased ginseng. The strains were identified through morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA. [ Result ] With Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Fu- sarium solani as the indicator strains, two biocontrol strains B59 and X1 with strong antagonistic effects were screened from the rhizosphere soil of diseased ginseng in Tieli farm of Heilongjiang Province, and they were identified to be Bacillus subtilis. The inhibition rates of two biocontrol strains against eight different fungi were all greater than 90%. The primary study indicated that B59 and X1 strains could secrete antifungal active substances. [ Conclusion] Two biocontrol Bacillus subti- lis strains 1359 and X1 all had strong antagonistic effect against ginseng soil-borne disease, which had certain potential for development and utilization.

Dynamic of Soil Microorganisms from Root Region of Ginseng with Different Growing Years

Objective To see the dynamic of fungi, bacilli and actinomyces communities from root region of ginseng with different growing years.Method With ginseng root region soils from several sampling sites of Jilin Province as materials, concentrations of fungi, bacilli and antinomyces were evaluated by spread-plate method. Result Though there are differences on statistic data among soil samples, commonly with the increasing of growing years, concentration of fungi in ginseng root region increased, which were on the contrary for bacilli and antinomyces, and bacilli changed even more significant than antinomyces. Conclusion Concentrations of soil microorganisms can be influenced by soil type, planting mode and growing years simultaneously, but growing years influenced even more significantly.

Establishment of Optimization Conditions of SRAP-PCR System in Ginseng

[Objective]The research aimed study the amplification condition of SRAP-PCR of ginseng genome and set up the optimized amplification system/[Method]The effects of template DNA,primer,dNTP mixture and Mg^2＋ on PCR results were discussed.[Result] The optimized amplification procedure was as follows：pre-denaturing at 94 ℃ for 2 min;denaturing at 94 ℃ for 30 s,annealing at 48 ℃ for 30 s and extending at 72 ℃ for 1 min,40 cycles;extending at 72 ℃ for 7 min.The optimum reaction system was as follows：30 ng DNA template,2.0 μM upstream primer and downstream primer,0.3 mM dNTP mixture,2.5 Mm Mg2＋,the total volume was 25 μl.[Conclusion]The optimization amplification system for SRAP-PCR of ginseng was set up,which provided rapid and simplified test methods with good repeatability for SRAP analysis of the genetic relationship and genetic diversity of ginseng.

参芪归芎方联合注射用重组人脑利钠肽治疗慢性心力衰竭急性加重期临床研究

目的:观察自拟参芪归芎方联合注射用重组人脑利钠肽治疗慢性心力衰竭急性加重期(acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure, ADHF)的临床疗效及其对炎症因子、心肌损伤指标、生活质量等方面的影响。方法:将102例ADHF患者按照随机数字表法分为西药组和联合组,每组各51例。西药组采用注射用重组人脑利钠肽治疗,联合组在西药组治疗的基础上加用自拟参芪归芎方。比较两组的临床疗效、不良反应发生率及治疗前后中医证候积分、心功能指标[左心室收缩末期内径(left ventricular end systolic diameter, LVESD)、每搏输出量(stroke volume, SV)、左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF)]、炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(C reactive protein, CPR)]、心肌损伤指标[N端脑钠肽前体(nterminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, NT-proBNP)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cardiac troponin I,cTnI)]、生活质量评分变化情况。结果:西药组有效率为76.47%,联合组有效率为92.16%,两组患者有效率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后主症、次症积分均低于本组治疗前,且治疗后联合组低于西药组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后LVEF、SV水平高于本组治疗前,LVESD低于本组治疗前,且治疗后组间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后TNF-α、CRP、NT-proBNP、cTnI、生活质量评分低于本组治疗前,且治疗后联合组低于西药组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗期间皮疹、低血压等不良反应率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:自拟参芪归芎方联合注射用重组人脑利钠肽治疗ADHF,可有效保护机体心功能,减轻炎症损伤,提高患者生活质量。

人参(Panax ginseng)根系分泌物成分对人参致病菌的化感效应

采用室内培养结合生物学测定的试验方法,研究了不同浓度人参(Panax ginseng)根系分泌物成分苯甲酸、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、十六酸和2,2二-(4羟-苯基)丙烷对人参立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、黑斑菌(Alternaria panax)、疫病菌(Phytophthora cactorum)、菌核菌(Sclerotinia schinseng)、锈腐菌(Cylindrocarpon destructans)和绿色木霉菌(Trichoderma viride)菌落生长及孢子萌发的化感效应。结果显示,不同浓度人参根系分泌物成分对人参致病菌及绿色木霉菌的化感效应存在显著差异。苯甲酸浓度与人参立枯丝核菌、菌核菌和锈腐菌菌落生长以及人参黑斑菌、锈腐菌孢子萌发呈负相关,与人参黑斑菌、绿色木霉菌菌落生长呈正相关;对人参疫病菌菌落生长的化感效应表现为低浓度和高浓度抑制,中浓度促进。邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯浓度与人参立枯丝核菌、黑斑菌、菌核菌和绿色木霉菌菌落生长以及人参黑斑菌孢子萌发呈负相关;对人参锈腐菌菌落生长和孢子萌发表现为低浓度和高浓度抑制,中浓度促进;对人参疫病菌菌落生长表现为低浓度和中浓度抑制,高浓度促进。2,2二-(4羟-苯基)丙烷浓度与人参立枯丝核菌、黑斑菌、疫病菌、绿色木霉菌菌落生长以及人参黑斑菌、锈腐菌孢子萌发呈负相关;对人参菌核菌、锈腐菌菌落生长表现中浓度促进,高浓度抑制。十六酸浓度与人参锈腐菌、疫病菌和绿色木霉菌菌落生长呈正相关,与人参锈腐菌孢子萌发呈负相关,对黑斑菌孢子萌发表现为中浓度抑制。4种根系分泌物的等量混合物浓度与人参致病菌及拮抗木霉菌菌落生长速率呈负相关。

Study on Detection of Organochlorine Pesticide Residue in Ginseng

To investigate the residue situation of pesticides in ginseng, total 17 samples of ginseng-growing soil, ginseng roots and ginseng seeds were collected from 5 regions of Fusong County, and the contents of organochlorine pesticide residues in the samples were detected by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction and gas chromatography with acetone-ligroin as the solvent, thereby providing suitable recommendations and scientific basis for the selection of ginseng-growing soil.

人参(Panax ginseng)的氮过剩现象──人参氮毒原因初探

1985-1990年间，我们在长白县及公主岭进行的四次NPK三要素试验中，发现氮肥抑制了人参生长发育，降低了产量（5％显著水准），而倍量氮肥，减产达1％显著水平。继续研究证明，人参硝酸还原酶活力（NRA）甚低，追施氮肥使组织，积累，促进了呼吸作用，植株干物中N、Si及Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn含量增加，Ca、Mg、K、Na等阳离子减少，表现出氮毒征象。本文称氮过剩症，它是指氮素供应超过了由极低NRA催化的转化代谢速率，而引起的一种毒害现象。

The Mediation of Defense Responses of Ginseng Cells to an Elicitor from Cell Walls of Colletotrichum lagerarium by Plasma Membrane NAD(P)H Oxidases

NAD(P)H oxidases were detected in suspension cultured cells of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). The activities of these enzymes were induced by an elicitor (Cle) extracted from cell walls of Col-letotrichum lagerarium. In addition, Cle induced an oxidative burst and enhanced the synthesis of saponin, activity of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) , accumulation of chalcone synthase (CHS) and the transcription of a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein gene ( hrgp ) . Pre-treatments with DPI and quinacrine (two inhibitors of mammalian neutrophil plasma membrane NADPH oxidase) for 30 min prior to Cle addition blocked the NAD(P)H oxidase activity induced by Cle. These inhibitors also inhibited the release of H2C2, the synthesis of saponin, PAL activity and CHS accumulation. Our data revealed homology between plasma membrane NAD(P)H oxidases of mammalian neutrophil cells and ginseng suspension cells. They also indicated that deactivated NAD(P)H oxidases catalysed the release of H2O2 and that H2O2 was functioning as a second messenger stimulating PAL activity, saponin synthesis and hrgp transcription. Elevations of Ca2 + and protein phos-phorylation/dephosphorylation were required for this defense process. We propose that NAD(P)H oxidases mediate the processes of Cle-induced defense responses in ginseng suspensions, and postulate the existence of a signalling cascade including extracellular Cle stimulation, activation of plasma membrane NAD(P)H oxidases, release of H2O2, and the intracellular responses of metabolism and gene transcription in ginseng suspension cells.

Activation of Plasma Membrane NADPH Oxidase and Generation of H_2O_2 Mediate the Induction of PAL Activity and Saponin Synthesis byEndogenous Elicitor in Suspension-Cultured Cells of Panax ginseng

Endogenous elicitor, termed cellulase-degraded cell wall (CDW), was prepared from the cell wall of suspension-cultured ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) cells via cellulase degradation. CDW activated the NADPH oxidase activity of isolated plasma membranes and stimulated in vivo H2O2 generation in ginseng cell suspensions. CDW also increased the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), expression of a P. ginseng squalene epoxidase (sqe) gene and saponin synthesis. NADPH oxidase inhibitors inhibited both in vitro NADPH oxidase activity and in vivo H2O2 generation. Induction of PAL activity, saponin synthesis and sqe gene expression were all inhibited by such inhibitor treatments and reduced by incubation with catalase and HA scavengers. These data indicate that activation of NADPH oxidase and generation of H2O2 are essential signalling events mediating defence responses induced by the endogenous elicitor(s) present in CDW.

Research Progress on the Control of Ginseng Gray Mold

This review article describes the research progresses on the control of ginseng gray mold, summarizes domestic and international related experimental re-sults and literature data using chemical fungicide, plant extracts, microbial prepara-tion and antagonistic bacteria to control ginseng gray mold, and final y puts forward the existing problem and future research direction of the treatment and control of ginseng gray mold.

人参肽对小鼠的润肠通便效果

目的:研究人参肽(Ginseng peptides,GPs)对ICR小鼠便秘模型的润肠通便作用,为GPs的进一步开发利用及临床辅助治疗便秘提供理论依据。方法:将60只成年雄性ICR小鼠随机分为6组,分别为空白组(Normal Group,NG)、便秘模型组(Constipation Group,CG)、乳清蛋白组(Whey Protein Group,WPG)、低剂量(Low-dose Group,LG)、中剂量(Medium-dose Group,MG)、高剂量(High-dose Group,HG)GPs组,除NG外采用盐酸洛哌丁胺(Loperamide Hydrochloride,LH)建立小鼠便秘模型,使用GPs连续干预7 d后,观察各组小鼠的小肠蠕动及排便时间、小肠绒毛组织病理学变化等,通过检测各组小鼠的血清P物质(Substance P,SP)和血管活性肠肽(Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide,VIP)等脑肠肽类物质的含量,评价GPs对小鼠便秘的改善作用。结果:相较于模型组,GPs高、中、低剂量组小鼠小肠墨汁推进率显著增加(P<0.01),可缓解便秘小鼠小肠绒毛病理学损伤,GPs高剂量组小鼠首粒黑便排出时间显著缩短(P<0.01),粪便粒数增多(P<0.05),5 h内粪便重量显著增多(P<0.01)。GPs高、中剂量组小鼠的血清P物质(SP)和血管活性肠肽(VIP)含量显著升高(P<0.01),GPs低剂量组可升高便秘小鼠脑肠肽指标SP及VIP的含量(P<0.05)。结论:GPs对便秘小鼠模型具有明显的通便效果,可促进小肠蠕动、缓解小鼠小肠绒毛损伤,促进小鼠脑肠肽指标SP及VIP的表达。

复方人参对机体缺氧损伤的保护作用及其分子机制研究

探究复方人参(compound ginseng,CGS)的抗缺氧作用及其分子机制。构建小鼠密闭缺氧模型、亚硝酸钠中毒模型、急性脑缺血模型以及全心缺血缺氧模型,观察CGS对小鼠的存活时间、喘气时间、喘气次数、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)活性、乳酸脱氢酶(lactic dehydrogenase,LDH)活力和肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)活力。利用网络药理学预测CGS的抗缺氧相关机制,并采用分子对接方法验证网络药理学筛选所得CGS活性成分与机体靶点之间的亲和性,检测小鼠体内缺氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)mRNA表达量。结果显示,CGS可以显著延长密闭缺氧实验、亚硝酸钠中毒实验和全心缺血缺氧实验小鼠的存活时间以及急性脑缺血实验的喘气时间和喘气次数;CGS能够降低小鼠血清中的MDA含量、LDH和CK活力,提升SOD、GSH-Px活性。采用网络药理学预测出226条CGS抗缺氧通路,其中关键通路有HIF-1α通路;密闭缺氧实验结果证实CGS可以显著提升HIF-1α表达,下调VEGF表达。综上,CGS具有耐缺氧作用,其作用可能与激活HIF-1α/VEGF通路,提高血液携氧能力和氧利用率,增强抗氧化活性有关。

西洋参多肽制备及其抗氧化活性研究

目的:提取纯化西洋参多肽,对其化学性质及体内外抗氧化活性进行研究。方法:利用中空纤维膜过滤装置进行微滤和超滤得到西洋参水溶性蛋白质,采用CM Sepharose FF柱(100 mm×10 mm)进行离子交换,Sephacryl S-100 HR凝胶柱(600 mm×10 mm)进行凝胶过滤,获得西洋参多肽并测定其理化性质。采用2,2-联苯基-1-苦基肼基(DPPH)法、水杨酸法和铁还原能力法测定其体外抗氧化活性。利用D-半乳糖诱导衰老模型小鼠从体内角度验证其抗氧化能力。结果:提取纯化获得西洋参多肽的亚基相对分子质量是8599.3336,保留时间为10.396 min。体外抗氧化活性结果表明,西洋参多肽对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基清除能力的半数效应浓度(EC_(50))值分别为5.5985、5.3014 mg·mL^(-1)。体内抗氧化实验表明,西洋参多肽能够增加超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽-过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)含量,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量。结论:西洋参中提取纯化得到的单一多肽具有良好的体内、体外抗氧化活性。

后熟阶段的人参(Panax ginseng C.A.Mey)种子对脱水和贮存温度的反应

完成形态后熟和生理后熟期中的人参（PanaxyinsenyC．A．Mey）湿润种子的含水量由47％降至9．4％和5．8％，形成于籽后保存于室温，0～5℃和-196℃条件下1～3年。保存后的形态后熟于籽再低温处理，继续完成生理后熟。结果显示：完成形态后熟的种子在1～5℃保存1年后，种子胚根能萌发，但胚轴、胚芽不能正常生长，保存3年，种子丧失生活力；生理后熟期中的种子在0～5℃保存1年尚能正常出苗，出苗率为44．0％，保存3年，种胚已不能正常发育。但是在-196℃保存3年后，出苗率同保存在0～5C1年的相近．仍为43．1％。说明完成形态后熟种子还没有产生足够的脱水耐性，而经低温层积处理于生理后熟期中的种子就具有了这种耐性，并能进行低温短期或超低温长期保存。

硒处理水培苗参的生物活性研究

以一至二年生苗参为试验材料,采用外源硒处理水培的方法,研究了不同硒浓度对苗参有效成分含量、抗氧化酶活性以及硒代氨基酸含量的影响,以期为苗参产业的绿色发展及周年连续生产提供参考依据。结果表明:硒浓度为0.10 mg·L^(-1)处理的苗参生长长势较好,在生长25 d时,苗参总皂苷含量为109.2 mg·g^(-1),总黄酮含量为18.3 mg·g^(-1);超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性为643.7 U·g^(-1),均达到峰值;丙二醛(MDA)含量为0.073μmol·g^(-1),低于其他处理。在20 d时,过氧化物酶(POD)活性为923.9 U·g^(-1)·min-1。硒处理的苗参样品中的硒赋存形态为硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet)和甲基硒代半胱氨酸(MeSeCys)2种,在硒浓度为0.15 mg·L^(-1)处理下,总SeMet平均含量可达42.44μg·g^(-1)。MeSeCys仅存在于苗参的地上部,在0.05 mg·L^(-1)硒浓度处理下平均含量可达6.48μg·g^(-1)。因此在苗参水培营养液中适量添加硒元素可以提高其品质及产量,但过量添加会导致苗参减产且品质下降,因此硒浓度的选择在生产中的控制是至关重要的。

人参外泌体通过促进巨噬细胞M1极化抑制肺癌细胞生长

目的:旨在探讨人参外泌体(Ginseng-derived nanoparticles,GDNPs)通过改变巨噬细胞极化状态,抑制人非小细胞肺癌细胞(A549)生长的分子机制,为人参鲜药的深入研究提供一定的理论基础。方法:采用CCK-8法检测人参外泌体对巨噬细胞(RAW264.7)活力的影响;实时定量PCR检测人参外泌体刺激巨噬细胞M1极化相关指标IL-6、iNOS、TNF-α、MCP-1转录水平;流式细胞术检测M1型巨噬细胞分子标志CD80的表达。收集LPS和人参外泌体处理的RAW264.7细胞衍生的上清液,制成条件培养基(CM),并与A549共培养。CCK8和流式细胞术检测A549细胞活力、细胞周期和细胞凋亡;采用Western blot检测GDNPs-CM对A549细胞中TLR4/MyD88通路相关蛋白表达的影响。结果:人参外泌体能够增强巨噬细胞的细胞活力(P<0.05,P<0.01),并提高巨噬细胞M1极化相关指标IL-6、iNOS、TNF-α、MCP-1转录水平的表达(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.0001);人参外泌体增强了M1型巨噬细胞分子标志CD80的表达(P<0.01)。在条件培养基作用下,A549细胞的细胞活力受到抑制,并发生G1期阻滞,A549细胞的凋亡率提高(P<0.05,P<0.01);同时,GDNPs-CM促进了A549细胞中TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB、iNOS、COX-2等炎症相关蛋白表达量(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:人参外泌体通过刺激巨噬细胞M1极化,抑制A549细胞增殖,调节A549细胞周期,激活TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路提高炎症因子的表达水平,从而诱导肺癌细胞凋亡。