Effect of changing mesopic and photopic light conditions on visual functions

AIM:To determine the effects of change in light conditions on refractive error and visual functions including visual acuity,stereopsis and contrast sensitivity.METHODS:This cross-sectional study was conducted in the optometry clinic of the Shahid Beheshti School of Rehabilitation on 48 students in 2021-2022.All of them had eye health and normal visual function and could have refractive errors or not.Light intensity of 4 lx was considered equivalent to photopic light condition and light intensity of 1 lx was considered to be equivalent to mesopic light condition.The amount of refractive error was checked by auto refractometer and its changes in mesopic light condition were subjectively measured.Also,visual acuity,stereopsis and contrast sensitivity(in five spatial frequencies of 1.5,3,6,12,and 18 cycles per degree),were measured first in photopic light condition and then in mesopic light condition,by Snellen control vision chart,stereo butterfly test and the M&S technology monitor test respectively.RESULTS:In the 48 student subjects with an average age of 22.69±3.56y,mean of refractive error as sphere equivalent,visual acuity and stereopsis were-1.25±1.74 diopters,0 logMAR,44.37±13.03 seconds of arc,respectively in photopic light condition while in mesopic light was equal to-1.56±1.75 diopters,0.12±0.09 logMAR and 50.62±33.35 seconds of arc,respectively.The mean of contrast sensitivity measured at spatial frequencies of 1.5,3,6,12,and 18 cycles per degree in photopic condition was equal to 2.38±0.04,2.37±0.07,2.04±0.21,1.27±0.32,0.82±0.27 logarithm of contrast sensitivity,respectively and in mesopic lighting condition was equal to 2.34±0.12,2.30±0.16,1.84±0.28,1.02±0.28,0.63±0.24 logarithm of contrast sensitivity,respectively.Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the two lighting conditions in all evaluated variables[refractive error(P<0.001),visual acuity(P<0.001),stereopsis(P=0.008)and contrast sensitivity(P<0.001)].CONCLUSION:The refractive error of the student subjects in mesopic light condition change towards myopia,and its amount is clinically significant.Also,the examination and comparison of the factors of visual acuity,stereopsis and contrast sensitivity in these two lighting conditions show that the decrease in brightness level to the mesopic level causes a decrease in the aforementioned visual functions.

Light intensity regulates the sexual behaviors of oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis under laboratory conditions

The oriental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel),is a devastating pest of citrus fruits.After successful mating,adult females insert their eggs into the ripened fruit,resulting in moldy and rotten fruit and causing great economic losses for the citrus industry.In the field,flies initiate copulatory behaviors as twilight approaches,and decreasing light intensity in this period is the normal stimulus for copulation.In this study,ten light intensities ranging from 0–30000 lux were set to identify the typical intensity that strongly regulates the copulation behavior of B.dorsalis.Three light intensities found to regulate the copulation behavior were then selected to verify their effects on adult male wing fanning and female chemotaxis towards 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine(TMP).At last,strong light and complete darkness were artificially combined in the lab to verify whether they could prevent copulation to inform behavioral manipulation of oriental flies in the future.The results indicated that adult flies generally initiated copulatory behaviors at low light intensity(<1000 lux).Stronger light significantly prevented copulation in proportion to intensity,with nearly no copulation events initiated when light intensity was above 20000 lux.Both male wing fanning and female chemotaxis towards TMP were attenuated as light intensity became stronger.However,at 10000 lux,males still fanned their wings to a certain extent while TMP completely lost its attractiveness to females.In the darkness,adults did not initiate any sexual behaviors,e.g.,copulation,wing fanning,or chemotaxis to TMP.One hour of strong light(10000 lux)combined with continuous darkness completely prevented mating.These results show that light condition is an essential factor for copulatory behaviors in the oriental fruit fly.Researchers could thus manipulate light conditions artificially or disrupt the molecular target in flies’light transduction pathway to develop environmentally-friendly techniques to control this pest.

Effects of preparation and operation conditions on precipitated iron nickel catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

Iron nickel oxide catalysts were prepared using co-precipitation procedure and studied for the conversion of synthesis gas to light olefins.In particular,the effects of a range of preparation variables such as Fe/Ni molar ratios of the precipitation solution,precipitate aging times,calcination conditions,different supports and loading of optimum support on the structure of catalysts and their catalytic performance for the tested reaction were investigated.It was found that the catalyst containing 40%Fe/60%Ni/40wt%Al 2O3 ,which was aged for 180 min and calcined at 600 ℃ for 6 h was the optimum modified catalyst.The catalytic performance of optimal catalyst has been studied in different operation conditions such as reaction temperatures,H2 /CO molar feed ratios and reaction total pressure.Characterization of both precursors and calcined catalysts was carried out by powder X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET） surface area measurements,thermal analysis methods such as thermal gravimetric analysis（TGA） and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）.

Effects of Operating Conditions on the Catalytic Performance of HZSM-5 Zeolites in n-Pentane Cracking

In this work,n-pentane catalytic cracking over HZSM-5 zeolites was studied at 650°C under atmosphere pressure.A particular attention was paid to the measurement of n-pentane conversion,light olefins production,product distribution,coke deposit,etc.Several indexes were defined to evaluate the effects of operating conditions on the catalytic performance of HZSM-5 zeolites.It was found that decreasing the weight hourly space velocity,increasing the reactant partial pressure,and increasing the carrier gas flow rate could inhibit C-H bond breaking and enhance the C-C bond breaking and hydride transfer reactions,leading to reduced alkenes selectivity,which suppressed the formation of external coke and alleviated the deactivation of HZSM-5 zeolites.It was deduced that the catalytic stability of HZSM-5 zeolites was improved at the cost of alkenes selectivity.Compared with decreasing the weight hourly space velocity and increasing the reactant partial pressure,increasing the carrier gas flow rate could enhance the diffusion process and protect alkenes from being consumed in coke formation in order to improve the catalytic stability of HZSM-5 zeolites with less reduction of alkenes selectivity.

Impact of Different Light Characteristics on the Growth and Lipid Content of Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Transconjugant Strains

Light regulates important metabolic processes in microalgal cells, which can further impact the metabolism and the accumulation of biomolecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. Different characteristics of light have been studied on various strains of the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, but not on transconjugant cells and information on wild-type strains is still limited. Therefore, we studied the impact of different light characteristics such as spectral quality, light intensity and light shift on the growth, and the composition in lipids and fatty acids of P. tricornutum cells to provide a comprehensive context for future applications. Initially, we tested the impact of spectral quality and light intensity on P. tricornutum transformed with an episomal vector (Ptev), harboring the resistance gene Sh ble. Results indicated that Ptev cells accumulated more biomass and overall lipids in spectral quality Red 1 (R1: 34% > 600 nm > 66%) more effectively as compared to Red 2 (R2: 8% > 600 nm > 92%). It was also detected that cell granularity was higher in R1 as compared to R2. Furthermore, by testing two light intensities 65 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 145 μmol·m-2·s-1 light, it was observed that 145 μmol·m-2·s-1 led to an increase in growth trend, total biomass and lipid content. Combining spectral qualities and light intensities, we show that the lipid accumulation raised by 2.8-fold. Studying the light intensity and spectral quality allowed us to optimize the light conditions to R1 spectral quality and light intensity 145 μmol·m-2·s-1. These initial results showed that red light R1 at 145 μmol·m-2·s-1 was the best condition for biomass and total lipids accumulation in Ptev cells. Next, we further combined these two-light optimizations with a third light characteristics, i.e. light shift, where the cultures were shifted during the early stationary phase to a different light environment. We studied Red light shift (Rs) to investigate how light condition variations impacted P. tricornutum transconjugants Ptev and with an episomal vector containing the reporter gene YFP (PtYFP). We observed that Rs induced growth and fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in Ptev as compared to PtYFP. Altogether, the study shows that red light shift of R1 at 145 μmol·m-2·s-1 promoted biomass and total lipids accumulation in Ptev and PtYFP cells. The study provides a comprehensive approach to using different light characteristics with the aim to optimize growth and lipids, as well as to fatty acid production.

光照条件变化对蓝隐藻色素蛋白复合物表达含量的影响

前期研究发现蓝隐藻(Chroomonas placoidea)藻蓝蛋白PC645存在未报道过的β亚基,但其受光照条件的影响及表达情况不明。实验比较了6组不同光照条件下培养的蓝隐藻对数生长期细胞的色素组成变化及PC645亚基的表达差异。发现光照增加对叶绿素a/c-蛋白复合物影响不明显,但有利于PC645的积累;且影响PC645中两种β亚基的相对表达量,而对α亚基含量影响很小。1级12 h和24 h时β_(2)亚基相对含量最高,较低或过高强度的光照都不利于β_(2)的表达。说明PC645在蓝隐藻光适应机制中可能担负调节作用,β_(2)亚基的存在不仅影响隐藻藻胆蛋白的聚合形式,也与藻细胞的光能传递功能可调性相关。实验结果将为分析新亚基的功能,阐明隐藻特异的光合系统结构与机理提供依据。

计及工况预测误差的主动配电网日前无功优化调度策略

为解决工况预测误差较大时,日前无功优化调度方案优化效果不佳的问题,提出了计及工况预测误差的主动配电网日前无功优化调度策略。首先,使用轻量级梯度提升机算法建立日前工况功率预测模型;其次,考虑大规模高比例分布式电源接入主动配电网,以调度时段内所有时间断面的多目标加权累加和为目标函数建立日前无功优化调度模型;最后,设计了一种变寻优粒子空间的改进引力搜索算法对日前无功优化调度模型进行求解,该算法根据历史工况预测误差评价指标调整寻优粒子空间各维度的上下限矩阵,从而抑制了当无功区域内工况预测误差较大时可控设备调度异常的缺陷。最后采用拓展的IEEE 33节点系统算例进行有效性验证。

土遗址夯筑支顶加固表面色度检测的影响因素研究

土遗址夯筑支顶加固外观多以目测评价协调性,受观测者主观影响较大.因此,量化评价已成为土遗址加固效果评价的关键问题,其中色度是重要的量化指标.为有效提高夯筑支顶体表面色度检测的准确性与科学性,通过检测不同颜色比例混合土试样的色度,确定人体能认别土体色差ΔE的极限为3.62~4.08,提出了色度差界限ΔE=4为土遗址夯筑支顶体色差质量控制临界值.通过现场测试发现,露天光线、边缘漏光、测试点凸凹不平均影响测试结果;光照环境与边缘漏光影响极小,当检测位置凹陷深度大于5 mm、面积大于50 mm 2时,色度检测将出现较大偏差.为此本研究提出了夯土遗址色度检测的限定条件,为土遗址规范化保护提供理论和技术支撑.

多级孔花状ZSM-5分子筛的合成及其正辛烷催化裂解反应性能研究

高性能催化剂的研发是石脑油催化裂解制低碳烯烃领域的研究热点。使用双子季胺盐表面活性剂[C_(18)H_(37)-N^(+)(CH_(3))_(2)-C_6H_(12)-N^(+)(CH_(3))_(2)-C_6H_(13)]Br_(2)作为结构导向剂,成功合成了花状ZSM-5分子筛。利用XRD、SEM、N_(2)吸附-脱附和NH_(3)-TPD表征技术研究了晶化温度、n(Si)/n(Al)、n(H_(2)O)/n(Si O_(2))和n(Na_(2)O)/n(Si O_(2))等合成条件对ZSM-5分子筛物化性质的影响,并考察其正辛烷催化裂解反应性能。研究结果表明,花状ZSM-5分子筛的优化制备条件为:n(Na_(2)O)∶n(Al_(2)O_(3))∶n(Si O_(2))∶n(C_(18-6-6)Br_(2))∶n(H_(2)O)=5∶1∶100∶10∶4000、晶化时间为72 h、晶化温度为175℃。随着n(Si)/n(Al)的增大,花状分子筛颗粒逐渐团聚;当投料n(Na_(2)O)/n(Si O_(2))高于0.05时,分子筛样品中开始出现其他杂相;随着投料n(H_(2)O)/n(Si O_(2))的增大,分子筛层状形貌逐渐不明显。在催化裂解正辛烷制乙烯和丙烯反应中,经过30 h连续测试,花状ZSM-5分子筛的正辛烷转化率始终保持稳定,乙烯和丙烯总收率从62.0%逐渐增加至64.4%。花状ZSM-5分子筛较高的催化活性和优异的抗积炭稳定性主要归结于其独特的层状形貌和多级孔结构。

高产乙酸乙酯酵母的筛选鉴定及发酵条件优化

该研究通过传统培养分离方法及测定乙酸乙酯产量从清香型白酒大曲中分离筛选高产乙酸乙酯的酵母菌株,通过形态观察及分子生物学技术对其进行菌种鉴定,并对其耐受性进行分析。以乙酸乙酯产量为响应值,采用单因素试验及响应面试验对筛选菌株的发酵条件进行优化。结果表明,分离筛选得到1株高产乙酸乙酯的酵母菌株,编号为YM001,经鉴定,其为异常威克汉姆酵母(Wickerhamomyces anomalus)。该菌株具有较强的耐受性,在乙醇体积分数10%,乙酸含量0.08%、温度50℃、pH 2、乙酸乙酯含量30 g/L、NaCl含量150 g/L、葡萄糖含量50 g/L的条件下仍能生长,能够较好地适应白酒酿造环境。异常威克汉姆酵母YM001产乙酸乙酯的最优发酵条件为:接种量4%、乙醇体积分数4%、乙酸添加量0.02%、初始糖度9°Bx、初始pH值6、转速210 r/min、发酵温度22℃、第2阶段发酵时间36 h。在此发酵条件下,异常威克汉姆酵母YM001的乙酸乙酯产量最高,达(17.39±0.362)g/L。

检修接地不平衡传输条件对轨道电路的影响研究

为分析在接触网检修接地时,由单根轨条和回流线短接产生的不平衡条件对25 Hz相敏轨道电路的影响,在六端网络的基础上建立轨道电路不平衡传输模型,通过仿真计算和对比,得到在不平衡传输条件下,信号接收端轨面电压的衰减和扼流变压器上不平衡牵引电流,随道床泄漏导纳、单轨条接地位置、吸上与横向连接设置变化的关系,并利用实验数据和现象验证计算结果。结合实际案例中检修接地的不平衡传输条件导致轨道电路“红光带”问题,给出其产生原因,并验证上述理论。给出减少不平衡传输条件对轨道电路造成影响的方法,尽可能避免该类型“红光带”问题的出现。

不同播期温光条件对籼稻产量和品质的影响

为明确豫南稻区籼稻高产优质的温光条件,采用大田试验,以3个籼稻品种(兆优5431、中浙优8号和Y两优900)为试验材料,连续2 a研究不同播期[4月15日(T1)、4月30日(T2)、5月15日(T3)、5月30日(T4)和6月14日(T5)]下籼稻抽穗至成熟的积温、累积光照时间、累积光照强度和产量及稻米加工品质、外观品质、营养品质、蒸煮品质,并进行不同播期下温光因子对籼稻稻米品质影响的冗余分析(RDA),通过温光因子的解释率找出影响豫南稻区稻米品质的关键环境因子。结果表明,随着播期的推迟,3个籼稻品种的产量、加工品质和营养品质均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,2 a均表现为T2处理产量最高,加工品质、外观品质和蒸煮品质较好,T5处理产量和品质表现最差。其中,2019年T2处理产量较T5处理提高129.4%,整精米率提高32.1%,垩白度、垩白粒率分别降低69.8%、69.9%,直链淀粉含量降低13.7%;2020年T2处理产量较T5处理提高271.0%,整精米率提高83.9%,垩白度、垩白粒率分别降低85.2%、77.6%,直链淀粉含量降低19.2%。稻米蛋白质含量则是T3处理最高,2019年和2020年T3处理较T5处理分别提高13.6%和20.0%。T2与T3处理间各品质指标差异均不显著。2 a产量均以T2处理下Y两优900最高,且其品质较好。3个品种抽穗到成熟阶段的积温、累积光照时间、累积光照强度均随着播期的推迟呈下降趋势,其中Y两优900的积温和累积光照时间下降幅度最大,兆优5431和中浙优8号下降幅度相当。RDA和解释率分析发现,水稻抽穗至成熟阶段的温光因子是造成稻米品质差异的主要环境因素,抽穗后10~20 d的累积光照时间是影响稻米品质的最主要生态因子。综上,豫南稻区籼稻以4月30日播种产量最高,且品质较好。

基于LightGBM的电动汽车行驶工况下电池剩余使用寿命预测

行驶工况下电动汽车锂离子电池剩余使用寿命(RUL)衰退情况复杂,准确的RUL预测可为电池的定期维护和安全稳定运行提供指导,避免安全隐患。为此,该文提出一种适用于行驶工况下电动汽车电池的RUL预测方法。首先,针对行驶工况,提出一种基于轻量型梯度提升机(LightGBM)的RUL预测模型,利用元学习超参数优化方法对其进行超参数调优;其次,搭建行驶工况下电池全生命周期容量测试系统,模拟行驶工况下电池所受振动应力、充放电应力环境和测试电池容量衰退情况;然后,基于动态时间规整对容量衰退的相似性分析结果,使用生成对抗网络(GAN)生成新的容量序列;最后,通过实验数据验证所提模型和生成容量序列的有效性。

不同培养条件对螺旋藻生长的影响

为优化螺旋藻生长条件、提高螺旋藻品质,本研究采用单因素试验培养,测定螺旋藻的光密度值与干物质含量,探究不同培养条件(光照时间、pH值、氯化钠浓度、摇瓶次数和葡萄糖浓度)对螺旋藻生长的影响。结果表明,螺旋藻生长的适宜条件为光暗周期比12∶12,pH值9.0,盐浓度0.1 mol/L,葡萄糖浓度3.0 g/L,以及增加螺旋藻的摇瓶次数。

基于迭代注意力归一化流的低光图像增强

针对网络层级间特征融合不足并缺乏高频特征的精准定位和获取,以及低光图像和多个正常曝光图像之间的不确定映射问题,提出一种迭代注意力归一化流(Iterative attention normalization flow,IANFlow)网络。迭代注意力模块使用空间和通道注意力对输入特征图的高频特征区域定位后进行特征获取,通过递进式层级定位和融合促使深层特征图包含更多的高频特征;可逆归一化流模块学习低光照图像和正常曝光图像之间复杂的条件分布以及将负对数似然(negative log likelihood,NLL)最小化建立低光图像和参考图像之间一对多的映射。在三个数据集上分别对比LLFlow网络,IANFlow网络的峰值信噪比(peak signal-to-noise ratio,PSNR)分别提高了1.1 dB、1.27 dB、2.14 dB。

光照条件对红豆树幼苗生长及生理生化的影响

利用1年生红豆树幼苗的不同透光率遮阳网盆栽试验,探讨不同光照强度对其幼苗生长及生理生化的影响。结果表明,红豆树苗的生长在50%光照处理下最好,其苗高增量7.31 cm、地径增量3.35 mm、主根长13.51 cm和地上生物量12.64 g、地下生物量13.14 g以及总生物量25.78 g,均为最高。随遮光强度的增加,净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)呈先增大后减小趋势,适宜的光强为50%~75%光照;叶片的叶绿素含量、细胞膜相对电导率及超氧化物歧化酶含量呈增加趋势,表现出弱光下的防御性反映。50%光照处理条件下丙二醛含量最小,强光和弱光下幼苗的膜脂过氧化作用增强。综上,不同光照条件下红豆树幼苗生长表现为50%光照>75%光照>25%光照>100%光照,50%光照最有利于幼苗生长。

人工光植物工厂节能技术研究进展

人工光植物工厂不受季节和土地的约束,是一种周年生产、产能倍增的高效农业生产系统,被认为是解决粮食短缺问题的重要途径。但系统运行能耗大、生产成本高一直是限制其大规模普化应用的主要“瓶颈”。照明和空调能耗占人工光植物工厂运行总能耗的82.5%以上,因此提高照明光源光效和空调能效比,对植物工厂节能降耗十分重要。本文从光源选择、光源布置、供光策略与环控方式出发,系统总结了人工光植物工厂光照与环控系统的节能技术进展,并探讨了人工光植物工厂节能生产要素,为植物工厂的快速发展与规模化应用提供参考。

地下车站供冷季用能特征分析与基于需求响应的调峰潜力评估

聚焦地铁车站小时尺度用能特征,以长江中下游地区某典型屏蔽门地下车站为例,分析了车站逐时能耗构成及通风空调系统能耗的影响因素。研究结果表明,通风空调能耗为地铁车站动力照明能耗的最大占比项,占比可达83%,室外空气参数、客流量与发车密度均与通风空调能耗呈现显著相关关系。面向需求响应,建立了混合整数规划模型,评估蓄能参与下的地铁车站调峰潜力。模拟结果表明,蓄能装置参与下,车站全年累计高峰时段用电量可大幅削减,48.2%的高峰时段用电量可转移至平时段和低谷时段。

自体脂肪移植联合水光注射微交联透明质酸在面部年轻化中的应用及对皮肤状态、面部轮廓的影响

目的分析自体脂肪移植联合水光注射微交联透明质酸在面部年轻化中的应用效果。方法按照随机数字表法将于西安医学院第二附属医院美容科要求面部年轻化的60例患者分为对照组和研究组,各30例。对照组接受水光注射微交联透明质酸治疗,研究组在对照组基础上接受自体脂肪移植治疗。比较两组的手术效果。结果研究组的面部轮廓治疗总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。术后,研究组的皮肤弹性、皮肤含水量、经水皮肤流失、皮脂和黑色素明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。术后,研究组的基质金属蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)、基质金属蛋白酶-12(MMP-12)及活性氧簇(ROS)水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组的不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后,研究组的生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74)评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论自体脂肪移植联合水光注射微交联透明质酸对于改善面部年轻化有较好效果,能够改善患者的面部轮廓、皮肤状态和血清指标,且治疗相对安全。

摩托车灯具试验光源要求综述

结合摩托车灯具常规试验要求,归纳总结试验使用的光源类型及试验条件,探讨关键技术点的具体要求。