中国工业环境效率的区域差异及其空间相关性分析——基于SBM—Undesirable模型和Moran's I统计量

本文采用SBM—Undesirable模型测度了中国30个省(市)2000—2010年的工业环境效率,并通过Moran's I统计量对其空间相关性进行了分析测算。结果表明,总体上,2000—2010年全国大部分省(市)工业环境效率值逐年下降;分区域来看,中部、西部和东北部地区工业环境效率普遍较低,且与东部沿海地区存在明显差距;从各省(市)来看,北京、上海、山东、广东、海南、黑龙江等6地区工业环境效率为1,而山西、四川、重庆、内蒙古等4地区工业环境效率均在0.3以下,工业发展与环境关系严重失衡。同时,本文研究也证实了中国各区域工业环境效率的演化呈现出高度的空间稳定性。因此,政府应根据区域间的空间差异性有针对性地制定区域协调发展政策,推进形成跨区域间良好的环境合作机制,才能达到经济发展与环境保护的双赢。

基于Undesirable SBM模型的环境绩效审计评价研究

目的:加强环境绩效的效率性审计以提高环保资金的使用效率及环境治理效果。方法:将Undesirable SBM模型引入到环境绩效审计中,以中国东部省份518家污水处理厂为例进行效率性评价。结果:大部分省市需要较大缩减投入冗余、增加期望产出及降低非期望产出实现有效的环境绩效水平。结论:采用Undesirable SBM模型进行环境绩效审计,不仅提供一种环境绩效审计效率性评价的有效方法和审计结论,还提供了无效率样本的环境绩效改善路径。

Toward a More Accurate Web Service Selection Using Modified Interval DEA Models with Undesirable Outputs

With the growing number of Web services on the internet,there is a challenge to select the best Web service which can offer more quality-of-service(QoS)values at the lowest price.Another challenge is the uncertainty of QoS values over time due to the unpredictable nature of the internet.In this paper,we modify the interval data envelopment analysis(DEA)models[Wang,Greatbanks and Yang(2005)]for QoS-aware Web service selection considering the uncertainty of QoS attributes in the presence of desirable and undesirable factors.We conduct a set of experiments using a synthesized dataset to show the capabilities of the proposed models.The experimental results show that the correlation between the proposed models and the interval DEA models is significant.Also,the proposed models provide almost robust results and represent more stable behavior than the interval DEA models against QoS variations.Finally,we demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed models for QoS-aware Web service composition.Experimental results indicate that the proposed models significantly improve the fitness of the resultant compositions when they filter out unsatisfactory candidate services for each abstract service in the preprocessing phase.These models help users to select the best possible cloud service considering the dynamic internet environment and they help service providers to improve their Web services in the market.

基于SBM-Undesirable模型的皖江城市带土地利用效率评价

以2008—2013年皖江城市带9个城市土地利用效率作为研究对象,利用SBM-undesirable模型,对其土地利用效率进行评价,并以此来调整各城市土地利用投入和产出要素。研究结果表明:皖江城市带各城市土地利用过程中所产生的非期望产出对其土地利用效率有一定程度的负面影响;总体上看,皖江城市带土地利用处于较为有效的状态,但技术效率较低,其规模报酬递减;土地利用无效率地区普遍存在着要素投入规模不够合理,投入结构不够优化,期望产出不足,非期望产出过多,资源利用效率低的状况。增加土地有效产出,减少负外部效应产出和提高资源利用效率是提高皖江城市带各城市土地利用效率的重要途径。

A boronate-based modular assembly nanosystem to block the undesirable crosstalk between hepatic stellate cells and Kupffer cells

Crosstalk between Kupffer cells(KCs)and hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)plays an important role in multiple liver disease conditions,including the formation of liver fibrosis in alcohol-associated liver disease(AALD).Therapeutic targeting of the KC-HSC crosstalk is a prime target for therapeutic interventions.Herein,a novel modular nanosystem was designed and prepared through the self-assembly utilizing boric acid and catechol interactions to prepare polymers modified with a CXCR4-inhibiting moieties.The polymers were used to encapsulate anti-miR-155 and to block the undesirable crosstalk between HSCs and KCs by downregulating miR-155 expression in KCs with the parallel inhibition of CXCR4 signaling in activated HSCs.The combined inhibition of miR-155 and CXCR4 at two different liver cell types achieved improved antifibrosis effects in a mouse model of AALD fibrosis.Our finding highlights the key role that blocking the undesirable crosstalk between HSCs and KCs plays in reversing AALD fibrosis as well as demonstrates a proof-of-concept approach for designing and constructing multifunctional delivery nanosystems using orthogonal functional modules based on the understanding of disease mechanisms.

能源消耗、二氧化碳排放与APEC地区经济增长——基于SBM-Undesirable和Meta-frontier模型的实证研究

针对以往效率测算方法存在的缺陷以及跨国研究中制度的异质性问题,本文采用SBM-Undesirable模型和Meta-frontier生产函数这一综合分析框架,在能源消耗和二氧化碳排放的双重约束条件下,测算了APEC地区17个成员1980-2007年期间的经济增长效率,并对双重约束下经济增长效率的影响因素进行了计量检验。研究发现,除了发展中国家群组之外,发达国家群组和东亚新兴经济体群组中有部分国家(和地区)在个别年份位于潜在最佳生产技术的共同边界上;各群组的共同技术效率(MTE)和共同技术比率(MTR)平均值从高到低的排序均依次为发达国家、东亚新兴经济体和发展中国家;人均GDP、工业化水平、人口密度、劳均资本以及对外开放程度等因素对双重约束下APEC地区共同技术效率具有显著影响,但对三大群组技术效率的影响方向及程度则呈现出不尽相同的结果。

Assessment of Local Public Finance Performance in China When Undesirable Fiscal Phenomena are Taken into Account

Making use of the data envelopment analysis （DEA） technique and taking undesirable fiscal phenomena into account, this paper comprehensively quantifies the public fnance performance of local governments in China during the course of fiscal decentralization reform. The introduction of undesirable fiscal outcomes into this assessment makes it possible to identify meaningful and informative characteristics of local public finance performance in China. When reforms are first implemented, local pubIic financial performance improves because undesirable fiscal phenomena have not yet become too serious. The tax sharing system reform did not work well in its early stages, and negatively impacted public expenditure e3ficiency. The reform started to play a substantial role between 2001 and 2005, when local governments experienced better public finance performance. Corresponding to the deterioration of the financial sector in recent years, local public financial performance worsened after 2007. Further reform of the current fiscal and taxation system is necessary in China, to ensure a brighter future for the nation.

Evaluation and Ranking DMUs in the Presence of Both Undesirable and Ordinal Factors in Data Envelopment Analysis

In the last decade,ranking units in data envelopment analysis(DEA) has become the interests of many DEA researchers and a variety of models were developed to rank units with multiple inputs and multiple outputs.These performance factors(inputs and outputs) are classified into two groups:desirable and undesirable.Obviously,undesirable factors in production process should be reduced to improve the performance.Also,some of these data may be known only in terms of ordinal relations.While the models developed in the past are interesting and meaningful,they didn t consider both undesirable and ordinal factors at the same time.In this research,we develop an evaluating model and a ranking model to overcome some deficiencies in the earlier models.This paper incorporates undesirable and ordinal data in DEA and discusses the efficiency evaluation and ranking of decision making units(DMUs) with undesirable and ordinal data.For this purpose,we transform the ordinal data into definite data,and then we consider each undesirable input and output as desirable output and input,respectively.Finally,an application that shows the capability of the proposed method is illustrated.

Efficiency Analysis of Industrial Water Treatment in China Based on Two-stage Undesirable Fixed-sum Output DEA Model

China is a country with the most water consumption, so it is lack of water resources.Industry has brought serious water pollution while driving economic development, which leads to the destruction of ecological environment. With the improvement of environmental awareness, many scholars have shifted their research direction to how to improve the ecological environment. Most studies consider the whole system as a "black box", regardless of its internal structure. Therefore, a method to identify inefficiency is necessary and some suggestions for optimization are given. In this paper,a two-stage undesirable fixed-sum output data envelopment analysis(DEA) model is proposed. The industrial chemical oxygen demand(COD) emission during 2011–2015 are adjusted, and the efficiency values are calculated by heuristic search algorithm. The efficiency of 30 provinces and cities is divided into eastern, central and western regions. The model can identify the inefficient stage in industrial system, and find the source of low efficiency in the system. The analysis shows that the efficiency of eastern region is the highest, while the overall efficiency is inclined to the pollutant treatment stage.Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions for the low efficiency areas, which can save water while ensuring economic benefits, and provide new direction for water pollution reduction and improve the ecological environment.

A Range Adjusted Measure of Super-Efficiency in Integer-Valued Data Envelopment Analysis with Undesirable Outputs

DEA(data envelopment analysis) models can be divided into two groups: Radial DEA and non-radial DEA, and the latter has higher discriminatory power than the former. The range adjusted measure(RAM) is an effective and widely used non-radial DEA approach. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no literature on the integer-valued super-efficiency RAM-DEA model,especially when undesirable outputs are included. We first propose an integer-valued RAM-DEA mode with undesirable outputs and then extend this model to an integer-valued super-efficiency RAM-DEA model with undesirable outputs. Compared with other DEA models, the two novel models have many advantages: 1) They are non-oriented and non-radial DEA models, which enable decision makers to simultaneously and non-proportionally improve inputs and outputs;2) They can handle integer-valued variables and undesirable outputs, so the results obtained are more reliable;3) The results can be easily obtained as it is based on linear programming;4) The integer-valued super-efficiency RAM-DEA model with undesirable outputs can be used to accurately rank efficient DMUs. The proposed models are applied to evaluate the efficiency of China’s regional transportation systems(RTSs) considering the number of transport accidents(an undesirable output). The results help decision makers improve the performance of inefficient RTSs and analyze the strengths of efficient RTSs.

Combinatorial Algorithms for Reverse Selective Undesirable Center Location Problems on Cycle Graphs

This paper deals with a general variant of the reverse undesirable(obnoxious)center location problem on cycle graphs.Given a‘selective’subset of the vertices of the underlying cycle graph as location of the existing customers,the task is to modify the edge lengths within a given budget such that the minimum of distances between a predetermined undesirable facility location and the customer points is maximized under the perturbed edge lengths.We develop a combinatorial O(n log n)algorithm for the problem with continuous modifications.For the uniform-cost model,we solve this problem in linear time by an improved algorithm.Furthermore,exact solution methods are proposed for the problem with integer modifications.

A Study of the Impact of the Digital Economy on the Efficiency of Urban Green Economy--Based on the Yangtze River Delta City Cluster

This paper adopts the non-expected output-super-efficiency SBM(Slacks-Based Model)model and principal component analysis to calculate the green economy efficiency and the digital economy level of 27 prefecture-level cities in China’s Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration between 2011 and 2019,respectively,and examines the impact of the digital economy on the green economy efficiency by using benchmark regression and mechanism analysis.The findings show that,first,the digital economy has a significant contribution to the green economic efficiency of cities,and this conclusion still holds after robustness tests such as replacing explanatory and interpreted variables and introducing province-fixed effects.Second,through the mechanism test,it is found that the digital economy can indirectly promote urban green economic efficiency through the positive mechanism effect of promoting industrial structure upgrading.

Measuring Environmental Performance of Provincial Thermal Power Plants in China:A Malmquist DEA Approach with Fixed-Sum Undesirable Outputs

With the development of China’s economy,environmental pollution has become cumulatively serious.The primary source of environmental pollution is thermal power generation,which has attracted the attention of governments and academia in recent years.To effectively reduce environmental pollution,research should study how to constrain the undesirable output of thermal power plants,that is,to limit the total undesirable output of the plants to a certain fixed sum.However,few studies have suggested that these undesirable outputs should be fixed-sum outputs.Moreover,no previous research publication about thermal power plants has analyzed their environmental performance changes.To address these gaps,a novel Malmquist-DEA approach is proposed for evaluate the environmental performance of thermal power plants in this paper.This approach generalizes the equilibrium efficient frontier DEA model with fixed-sum undesirable outputs and incorporates the model into the Malmquist productivity index(MPI).The authors apply this approach to the analysis of provincial thermal power plant environmental performance in China and analyze such plants’trends based on panel data from2011 to 2014.The empirical research shows that the environmental performance of regional thermal power plants was positively affected by efficiency change and negatively affected by technical change.Finally,the authors provide policy suggestions based on our findings.

Optimal Algorithms for Integer Inverse Undesirable p-Median Location Problems on Weighted Extended Star Networks

This paper is concerned with the problem of modifying the edge lengths of a weighted extended star network with n vertices by integer amounts at the minimum total cost subject to be given modification bounds so that a set of p prespecified vertices becomes an undesirable p-median location on the perturbed network.We call this problem as the integer inverse undesirable p-median location model.Exact combinatorial algorithms with O(p2n logn)and O(p2(n logn+n log nmax))running times are proposed for solving the problem under the weighted rectilinear and weighted Chebyshev norms,respectively.Furthermore,it is shown that the problem under the weighted sum-type Hamming distance with uniform modification bounds can be solved in O(p-n log n)time.

地区税收竞争对环境效率的影响研究——基于空间计量模型的实证分析

实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标是我国经济高质量、可持续发展的内在要求,而提高环境效率是经济高质量发展的重要内涵。税收竞争作为地方政府间吸引要素流入的主要手段,也会对地方环境效率产生影响,研究税收竞争对环境效率的影响效应,具有重要现实意义。采用SBM—Undesirable模型对2010—2020年全国30个省份的环境效率进行测度,发现东部、中部和西部地区环境效率呈现高—中—低的特点。构建空间杜宾模型检验地区税收竞争对环境效率的影响效应,实证结果发现:地区环境效率具有正向的空间溢出效应,地方税收竞争显著促进了环境效率的提升,但税收竞争与环境效率呈现倒“U”型的变化特征。因此,需要引导政府适度税收竞争,加速产业升级,支持绿色产业发展,进行多层次环保投入,促使经济与环境的协调发展。

厦漳泉城市群生态效率评价

为提高厦漳泉城市群生态效率,促进未来厦漳泉城市群在保障生态效率的基础上发展经济,推动厦漳泉城市群及中国新型城市化和工业化的发展,以福建省厦漳泉城市群的生态效率为研究对象,以2010—2021年为时间尺度,运用传统DEA模型和Undesired SBM模型对厦漳泉城市群生态效率进行多维角度评价研究,研究数据得出:厦漳泉城市群的规模发展效率及生态效率水平较高,处于生态效率不均衡状态;厦漳泉城市群生态环境保护投入未充分有效转换成相应的生态效益;在工业排放非期望产出约束下,3市生态效率良好。最后,以研究数据结果为基础,对厦漳泉城市群生态效率的有效提高和均衡发展提出相应建议:厦漳泉3市在针对各自生态投入及产出现存问题进行调整的同时,应加强城市群内城市间的生态协作。

节能减排约束下中国绿色经济绩效研究

基于中国经济发展过程中资源环境约束的日趋强化,本文在构建基于产出角度的SBM-Undesirable模型基础上,从效率视角对节能减排约束下中国绿色经济绩效进行研究。主要结论有:考察期内节能减排约束下中国经济增长平均效率不容乐观,仍有17.8%的提升空间;效率较低的省份全部为西部省份,但效率较高的省份未必全部为东部省份,个别西部省份在一些年份均处于生产前沿;中国经济增长效率区域差异明显;优化产业结构、提高能源效率、增强环境治理强度及能力对经济增长效率具有显著促进作用;现行能源结构对经济增长效率具有显著抑制作用;各因素对不同区域经济增长效率的影响有所不同。在经济发展过程中应优化产业结构、提高能源效率、改善能源结构、加强环境治理,促进经济增长效率改善,同时,减排约束指标不能实行"一刀切"。

新疆农业生产效率地区差异分解与影响因素研究——基于非期望产出Super-SBM-Theil-GMS

[目的]研究新疆农业生产效率地区差异及影响因素。[方法]文章基于新疆2004—2015年的面板数据,使用非期望产出的Super-SBM测算新疆各地区的农业生产效率,随后使用Theil指数分解和GMS邓氏关联模型对新疆农业生产效率的地区差异和外部影响因素进行研究。[结果]北疆、东疆、南疆的效率得分均值分别为0. 943、1. 059、0. 854;新疆农业生产效率Theil指数呈上升趋势; Theil指数区域贡献率中区域内差异逐年下降,区域间差异逐年上升,区域内差异中北疆Theil指数区域贡献率最大; GMS邓氏关联模型得出的外部影响因素排序为城市化水平差异、人口密度差异、财政支出分权差异、产业结构差异、教育水平差异。[结论]调整农业财政分配比重,积极引进高新生产技术;增强区域内外互动,挖掘区域潜力,高效率地区进行辐射带动,扩大农业产业目标市场;加快城市化建设,优化农业布局,提高农业从业人员素质。

环境管制对中国工业环境效率影响的空间面板数据分析

环境管制是政府环境保护的一种有力工具,企业是否选择更优的环境效率生产方式不仅仅取决于企业内部的环境管理能力,更取决于政府环境管制力度的大小。本文在采用SBM-Undesirable模型测度了中国30个省(市)2000—2010年的工业环境效率后,借用空间面板回归模型发现,政府环境管制具有明显的空间溢出效应,工业环境效率也呈现一定程度上的空间集聚现象,传统的面板回归模型因没有考虑空间相关性而低估了这一作用。由于排污费征收制度不尽合理以及"污染避难所效应"的存在,目前排污费收入一定程度上降低了工业环境效率。因此,中国应根据区域间的空间差异性有针对性地制定区域协调发展政策,应充分考虑相关产业对环境效率的影响,科学地制定产业规划和优化产业布局,推进形成跨区域间良好的环境合作机制,促进区域经济协调发展。

非期望产出约束下金融绩效评价

利用金融资源非期望产出指标,结合SBM-Undesirable模型对中国金融绩效进行测度。结果发现:全国金融效率值整体不高,金融资源配置在省际间存在明显的不均衡;技术效率低下的省份较为集中,金融生态环境并不理想;金融效率在2006—2012年间处于一个完整的周期中,现阶段金融业处于优势阶段;山西省金融效率处于恶性循环中,天津金融资源产出具有一定的滞后性;沿海、沿边与内陆地区间金融效率存在明显差异,沿海地区呈现明显的倒"U"型趋势,内陆地区与沿边地区金融效率变动趋势存在明显的互补性。