Geochemistry of the Aptian bituminous limestones in Gümuü?hane area,Eastern Black Sea region:new insight into paleogeography and paleoclimate conditions

Aptian is characterized by widespread deposition of organic-rich sediment.The Aptian bitumen limestone horizon,which is thin decimetre-thick sequences,locally crops out in the Kircaova area,Eastern Black Sea Region(Eastern Pontides).They are well correlated with Aptian bitumen limestone in the other Tethys Reams.They are proposed as episodes of increased organic matter.However,background factors controlling organic matter enrichment are poorly known.In this study,we present new inorganic geochemistry,including trace elements,rare earth elements(REE),redox-sensitive elements(RSE),stable-isotopes(δ~(18)O andδ~(13)C),and total organic carbon(TOC).We integrated new geochemical data with existing stratigraphy,paleontology,and organic chemistry data to provide new insight into the depositional environment and paleoclimate conditions during Aptian.The lacustrine bitumen limestone(LBL)samples have variedδ~(13)C(ave.-1.45‰)andδ~(18)O(ave.-4.50‰).They possess distinct REE patterns,with an average of REE(ave.14.45 ppm)and Y/Ho(ave.35)ratios.In addition,they have variable Nd/YbN(0.28-0.81;ave.0.56)and Ce/Ce*(0.68-0.97;ave.0.86),and relatively high Eu^(*)/Eu(1.23-1.53;ave.1.35).They display seawater signatures with reduced oxygen conditions.The enrichment in RSE(Mo,Cu,Ni,and Zn)and the low Mo/TOC(0.70-3.69;ave.2.41)support a certain degree of water restriction.The high Sr/Ba,Sr/Cu,Ga/Rb,and K/Al records of the LBL facies suggest hot house climatic conditions.The sedimentary environment was probably an isolated basin that is transformed from the marine basin.In addition to depositional conditions,the regional parameters such as the climate,increased run-off period,nutrient levels,alkalinity level,and dominant carbonate producers favored the enrichment in organic matter of LBL facies.Thus,extreme greenhouse palaeoclimate conditions have an important role in organic matter enrichment in the isolated basin.Our results are conformable with the published data from marine,semi-restricted basin,and lacustrine settings in the different parts of the Tethys margin.Thus,this approach provides the first insight into the Aptian greenhouse paleo-climate conditions of the Eastern Black Sea Region,NE Turkey.

Optimization of Culture Conditions and Medium Composition for the Marine Algicidal Bacterium Alteromonas sp. DH46 by Uniform Design

Harmful algal blooms(HABs) have led to extensive ecological and environmental issues and huge economic losses.Various HAB control techniques have been developed,and biological methods have been paid more attention.Algicidal bacteria is a general designation for bacteria which inhibit algal growth in a direct or indirect manner,and kill or damage the algal cells.A metabolite which is strongly toxic to the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense was produced by strain DH46 of the alga-lysing bacterium Alteromonas sp.The culture conditions were optimized using a single-factor test method.Factors including carbon source,nitrogen source,temperature,initial pH value,rotational speed and salinity were studied.The results showed that the cultivation of the bacteria at 28℃ and 180 r min-1with initial pH 7 and 30 salt contcentration favored both the cell growth and the lysing effect of strain DH46.The optimal medium composition for strain DH46 was determined by means of uniform design experimentation,and the most important components influencing the cell density were tryptone,yeast extract,soluble starch,NaNO3 and MgSO4.When the following culture medium was used(tryptone 14.0g,yeast extract 1.63g,soluble starch 5.0 g,NaNO3 1.6 g,MgSO4 2.3 g in 1L),the largest bacterial dry weight(7.36 g L-1) was obtained,which was an enhancement of 107% compared to the initial medium;and the algal lysis rate was as high as 98.4% which increased nearly 10% after optimization.

PREDICTION OF THE AERODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINES IN CONDITION OF UNIFORM WIND

The classical momentum-blade element theory is improved by using the empirical formula while part of rotor blades enters into the turbulent wake state, and the performance of a horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) at all speed ratios can be predicted. By using an improved version of the so-called secant method, the convergent solutions of the system of two-dimensional equations concerning the induced velocity factors a and a' are guaranteed. Besides, a solving method of multiple solutions for a and a' is proposed and discussed. The method provided in this paper can be used for computing the aerodynamic performance of HAWTs both ofrlow solidity and of high solidity. The calculated results coincide well with the experimental data.

A UNIFORMLY DIFFERENCE SCHEME OF SINGULAR PERTURBATION PROBLEM FOR A SEMILINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION WITH MIXED BOUNDARY VALUE CONDITION

In the poper, the method of separating singularity is applied to study the uniformly difference scheme of a singular perturbation problem for a semilinear ordinary differential equation with mixed boundary value condition. The uniform convergence on small parameter ε of order one for an IVin type difference scheme constructed is proved. At the end of the paper, a numerical example is given. The computing results coincide with the theoretical analysis.

Novel wavelet-homotopy Galerkin technique for analysis of lid-driven cavity flow and heat transfer with non-uniform boundary conditions

In this paper, a brand-new wavelet-homotopy Galerkin technique is developed to solve nonlinear ordinary or partial differential equations. Before this investigation,few studies have been done for handling nonlinear problems with non-uniform boundary conditions by means of the wavelet Galerkin technique, especially in the field of fluid mechanics and heat transfer. The lid-driven cavity flow and heat transfer are illustrated as a typical example to verify the validity and correctness of this proposed technique. The cavity is subject to the upper and lower walls’ motions in the same or opposite directions.The inclined angle of the square cavity is from 0 to π/2. Four different modes including uniform, linear, exponential, and sinusoidal heating are considered on the top and bottom walls, respectively, while the left and right walls are thermally isolated and stationary.A parametric analysis of heating distribution between upper and lower walls including the amplitude ratio from 0 to 1 and the phase deviation from 0 to 2π is conducted. The governing equations are non-dimensionalized in terms of the stream function-vorticity formulation and the temperature distribution function and then solved analytically subject to various boundary conditions. Comparisons with previous publications are given,showing high efficiency and great feasibility of the proposed technique.

冷弯薄壁卷边C形不锈钢梁的力学性能试验

为了研究冷弯壁薄卷边C形钢受弯构件的力学性能,以冷弯薄壁不锈钢梁为研究对象,重点研究加载条件、跨度对构件屈曲模式和受弯承载力的影响。结果发现:试件的加载条件和跨度对冷弯薄壁卷边C形钢受弯构件屈曲模式和极限承载力的影响显著,纯弯加载下的短梁极限承载力高达169.1 kN,破坏模式为畸变屈曲,其余试件破坏模式也为畸变屈曲;腹板V型加劲能够有效抑制腹板鼓曲的产生,提高试件的极限承载力。利用现有直接强度法修正公式的计算结果与试验结果进行对比,以验证公式的准确性。

Effects of UV-B radiation and different light repair conditions on the early development of the tetraspores of Chondrus ocellatus Holm

The effects of exposure to UV-B radiation, 280-315 nm, and dark or dark repair conditions on the early development of Chondrus ocellatus Holm collected from Qingdao coast were studied under the laboratory condition. After being exposed to different doses [0, 36, 72, 108, 144 and 180 J/（m2.d）] of UV-B radiation, one treatment of tetraspores were put back to normal culture condition （PAR）, the other treatment were put into dark condition to repair for 2 h. During the cultivation, the diameter of the tetraspores were recorded every 4 d till the 50th day when vertical branches formed in all treatments. Then at the 50th day, CPDs, phycoerythrin, chlorophyll a and MAAs （Palythine and asterina-330） were measured. The results showed that low doses UV-B radiation could significantly accelerate the growth rate of the rate reduced gradually with UV-B radiation keep on tetraspores of C. ocellatus and the growth increasing. The variation trend of both the phycoerythrin and chlorophyll a concentration reduced significantly （P 〈0.05） once given the UV- B radiation. Under UV-B stress, the CPDs were induced, and the concentrations of CPDs were significant low in dark repair groups. The data of MAAs analyzed by LC/MS in the tetraspores of C. ocellatus suggested that there were two MAAs formed （palythine and asterina-330） after UV-B radiation induced, and low dose of UV-B irradiation could significantly induced the concentration of MAAs. From the growth and development state of the tetraspores, negative effects of UV-B radiation on the dark repair groups were more serious than PAR.

EFFECT OF DEPOSITIONS CONDITION ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF C/C MINICOMPOSITE

C/C minicomposites were manufactured by CVI with propylene as resource gas and Ar as diluent gas. Effects of deposition temperature, the flow rate of propylene and total system pressure on the microstructure of C/C minicomposites were investigated. Deposition conditions are as follows: deposition temperature ranging from 870℃ to 1000℃, the flow rate of propylene from 10 to 60 ml/min, and total system pressure from 3 to 16kPa. The results revealed: The deposit distributes non uniformly as increasing the deposition temperature or total system pressure. The effect of the flow rate of propylene on the distribution of deposit observes different principles at different deposition temperatures. If the deposition temperature rises to 900℃, the deposit distributes more non uniformly as increasing the flow rate of propylene. The morphology of deposit varies with deposition condition, such as smooth, droplet like or spike like. Deposition mechanism varies with deposition condition. It can be surface reaction nucleation and growth, heterogeneous nucleation of liquid droplet on carbon fiber or gas borne nuclei growth. With the principle of nuclei growth of crystal and the method of phenomenology, the changes of deposition mechanism and the morphology of pyrolytic carbon with deposition condition were explained successfully. The effect of deposition condition on deposit homogeneity stems from the effect of deposition condition on the CVI kinetics and the deposition mechanism of pyrolytic carbon.

Tribological characteristics of C/C-SiC braking composites under dry and wet conditions

C/C-SiC braking composites,based on reinforcement of carbon fibers and matrices of carbon and silicon carbide,were fabricated by warm compaction and in situ reaction process.The tribological characteristics of C/C-SiC braking composites under dry and wet conditions were investigated by means of MM-1000 type of friction testing machine.The influence of dry and wet conditions on the tribological characteristics of the C/C-SiC composites was ascertained.Under dry condition,C/C-SiC braking composites show superior tribological characteristics,including high coefficient of friction (0.38),good abrasive resistance (thickness loss is 1.10 μm per cycle) and steady breaking.The main wear mechanism is plastic deformation and abrasion caused by plough.Under wet condition,frictional films form on the worn surface.The coefficient of friction (0.35) could maintain mostly,and the thickness loss (0.70 μm per cycle) reduces to a certain extent.Furthermore,braking curves are steady and adhesion and oxidation are the main wear mechanisms.

Sufficient conditions of the various stabilities of the linear time-varying delayed differential equations

Due to the appearance and the study of the ornithopter and flexible-wing micro air vehicles, etc., the time-varying systems become more and more important and ubiquitous in the study of the mechanics. In this letter, the sufficient conditions of the uniform asymptotic stability are first presented for the delayed time-varying linear differential equations with any time delay by employing the Dini derivative, Lozinskii measure and the generalized scalar Halanay delayed differential inequality. They are especially based on the estimation of the arbitrary solutions but not the fundamental solution matrix since their solutions＇ space is infinite-dimensional. Then some sufficient conditions of the stability, asymptotic stability and uniform asymptotic stability of the delayed time-varying linear system with a sufficiently small time delay are reported by employing Taylor expansion and Dini derivative. It implies that these stabilities can be guaranteed by the Lozinskii measure of the matrix composing of the time delay and the coefficient matrices of the system.

Longitudinal dispersion with constant source concentration along unsteady groundwater flow in finite aquifer: analytical solution with pulse type boundary condition

Analytical solution is obtained to predict the contaminant concentration with presence and absence of pollution source in finite aquifer subject to constant point source concentration. A longitudinal dispersion along unsteady groundwater flow in homogeneous and finite aquifer is considered which is initially solute free that is, aquifer is supposed to be clean. The constant source concentration in intermediate portion of the aquifer system is considered with pulse type boundary condition and at the other end of the aquifer, concentration gradient is supposed to be zero. The Laplace Transformation Technique (LTT) is used to obtain the analytical solution of the formulated solute transport model with suitable initial and boundary conditions. The time varying velocities are considered. Analytical solutions are perhaps most useful for benchmarking the numerical codes and models. It may be used as the preliminary predictive tools for groundwater management.

一类幂函数的c-差分性质及其(−1)-差分谱

差分攻击是攻击迭代分组密码最有效的方法之一.密码算法抵抗差分攻击的能力与其采用的密码函数抵抗差分攻击的能力密切相关,而后者可以用差分均匀度来衡量.密码函数的差分均匀度越小,其抵抗差分攻击的能力就越强.为了抵抗差分攻击,分组密码算法中的核心部件S盒(S-boxes)应该具有较低的差分均匀度.同时,具有低差分均匀度的密码函数在编码理论、组合设计等领域中有着广泛的应用.乘法差分攻击作为差分攻击的推广被提出,密码函数抵抗乘法差分攻击的能力用其c-差分均匀度反映.本文主要研究了有限域Fpn上幂函数x^(p^(n)+3)/2的c-差分性质,这里p是奇素数,n是正整数.对于一般的c≠±1,本文给出了这类幂函数的c-差分均匀度的上界,并针对c=−1求解了其c-差分谱.

Leptin receptor of the hind brain nuclei is involved in the conditioned taste preference of rats

Objective: Conditioned taste preference(CTP) is a taste learning reflex by which an animal learns to prefer a substance which tastes not well and has been studied with much interest in recent years. However, the neural substrates of CTP are less known. This study aimed to determine the possible neural pathways of CTP and whether serum leptin level and the leptin receptor(OB-Rb) in the hind brain are involved following CTP formation. Methods: We established CTP of quinine in rats with a 2-bottle preference test. The serum leptin concentrations were detected, the expression of c-fos in the rat brain was tested to determine the nuclei in relation with establishment of CTP. Finally, the OB-Rb m RNA expression was examined by RT-q PCR assay in parabrachial nucleus(PBN) and the nucleus of the solitary tract(NST) of the hind brain. Results: Compared with control group, the level of serum leptin was higher in the CTP group(4.58 ± 0.52 vs 1.67 ± 0.25 μg/L, P<0. 01); increased c-fos positive cells were found in the anterior hypothalamus(AH, 221.75 ± 4.96 vs. 178.50±6.63 cells/mm^2, P<0.05), the basal lateral amygdala(BLA, 70.75±6.17 vs 56.50±3.62 cells/mm^2, P<0.05) and the nucleus of the solitary tract(NST, 41.25±1.32 vs 32.50±1.02 cells/mm^2, P<0.05). But in ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus(VMH, 20.75±2.73 vs 38.5±1.54 per 1 mm^2, P<005), PBN(21.50 ±2.24 vs 36.25±1.49 cells/mm^2, P<0.05) and the central nucleus of the amygdala(Ce A, 22.25±1.53 vs 35.50 ±2.11 cells/mm^2, P<0.05), the number of c-fos positive cells was decreased in the CTP group. In addition, we found OB-Rb m RNA expression in PBN of CTP group rats was higher than that of control group(0.95±0.055 vs 0.57± 0.034, P<0.05), while there was no significant difference of OB-Rb m RNA expression in NST between the two groups. Conclusion: Nuclei AH, BLA, NST, VMH, PBN and Ce A participate in the formation of CTP. Leptin and its receptor in PBN may be involved in the formation and maintenance of CTP.

原发性膝骨关节炎患者CRP/PAB比值与病情严重性、发病的关系

目的 探讨原发性膝骨关节炎(KOA)患者C反应蛋白/前清蛋白(CRP/PAB)比值与病情严重性、发病的关系。方法 选取2021年2月至2023年1月海南西部中心医院收治的93例原发性KOA患者作为本次研究对象(KOA组),根据Kellgren-Lawrence(KL)分级将患者分为轻中度组66例(KL分级1~3级)、重度组27例(KL分级4级)。另外选取同时期来本院进行体检的130名健康人作为对照组。比较KOA组与对照组、KOA患者轻中度组与重度组血清CRP、PAB水平及CRP/PAB比值情况;采用受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线评估CRP、PAB、CRP/PAB比值对原发性KOA患者病情的预测价值;采用二分类Logistic逐步回归分析探讨原发性KOA患者发病的影响因素。结果 KOA组血清CRP水平和CRP/PAB比值高于对照组,PAB水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。重度组血清CRP水平和CRP/PAB比值高于轻中度组,PAB水平低于轻中度组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CRP、PAB、CRP/PAB比值预测原发性KOA患者病情的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.849(0.797~0.901)、0.751(0.699~0.803)、0.903(0.851~0.955),截点值分别为52.55 mg/L、172.77 mg/L、0.37,特异度分别为0.680、0.571、0.870,灵敏度分别为0.913、0.913、0.845。二分类Logistic逐步回归分析显示,高龄(OR=2.368,95%CI:1.584~3.539)、有KOA家族史(OR=2.158,95%CI:1.475~3.156)、CRP/PAB比值≥0.37(OR=2.782,95%CI:1.797~4.306)是原发性KOA患者发病的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 血清CRP/PAB比值升高与原发性KOA的发病和病情严重程度密切相关,可作为预测原发性KOA患者病情的潜在生物标记物,有一定的临床应用价值。

柴油机低温工况下SCR尿素喷射及NH3分布特性研究

在柴油机加装后处理系统DOC+CDPF+SCR试验研究基础上,构建并开展SCR三维CFD数值模拟,研究尿素喷射过程中液滴的生成扩散和水解蒸发,对比分析不同低温工况下NH_(3)分布特性和NH_(3)分布均匀度对NOX转化效率的影响。结果表明,在低温工况下随着尿素喷射量增大,混合器前后区域催化器内表面形成较多的尿素壁膜,持续尿素喷射易产生尿素结晶;低温工况混合器和整流器对气体流动有明显的扩散作用,但随着气流量增大,NH_(3)分布集中在载体外侧区域,导致外侧发生NH_(3)逃逸量较高;在不同低温工况下,载体入口面NH_(3)分布均匀度的增大,有效提高了NOX转化效率,减小了NH_(3)逃逸量及低温下尿素结晶的可能性。

Fourth-Order Compact Formulation for the Resolution of Heat Transfer in Natural Convection of Water-Cu Nanofluid in a Square Cavity with a Sinusoidal Boundary Thermal Condition

In the present work, we numerically study the laminar natural convection of a nanofluid confined in a square cavity. The vertical walls are assumed to be insulated, non-conducting, and impermeable to mass transfer. The horizontal walls are differentially heated, and the low is maintained at hot condition (sinusoidal) when the high one is cold. The objective of this work is to develop a new height accurate method for solving heat transfer equations. The new method is a Fourth Order Compact (F.O.C). This work aims to show the interest of the method and understand the effect of the presence of nanofluids in closed square systems on the natural convection mechanism. The numerical simulations are performed for Prandtl number ( ), the Rayleigh numbers varying between and for different volume fractions varies between 0% and 10% for the nanofluid (water + Cu).

Mesoscale Simulation for Polymer Migration in Confined Uniform Shear Flow

The structure and dynamics of confined single polymer chain in a dilute solution, either in equilibrium or at different shear rates in the uniform shear flow fields, were investigated by means of dissipative particle dynamics simulations. The no-slip boundary condition without density fluctuation near the wall was taken into account to mimic the environment of a nanochannel. The dependences of the radius of gyration, especially in three different di- rections, and the density profile of the chain mass center on the strength of the confinement and the Weissenberg number（Wn） was studied. The effect of the interaction between polymer and solvent on the density profile was also investigated in the cases of moderate and strong Wn. In the high shear flow, the polymer migrates to the center of the channel with increasing Wn. There is only one density profile peak in the channel center in the uniform shear flow, which is in agreement with the results of the experiments and theory.

A UNIFORMLY CONVERGENT FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD FOR A SINGULARLY PERTURBED INITIAL VALUE PROBLEM

Initial value problem for linear second order ordinary differential equation with small parameter by the first and second derivatives is considered. An exponentially fitted difference scheme with constant fitting factors is developed in a uniform mesh, which gives first_order uniform convergence in the sense of discrete maximum norm. Numerical results are also presented.

维生素C及衍生物的稳定性分析

本研究分析了光照、空气、温度和储藏时间对市场上8种常见维生素C原料稳定性的影响。结果表明,8种维生素C在日光、紫外光照射及避光条件下6 h后保留率在95%左右;在密封条件下加热处理时,维生素C的降解较慢,而当样品与空气接触时,其降解加快,随温度增高而加快;在有氧条件下,当温度升高至50℃及以上时,所有样品降解明显。比较热及储藏稳定性发现,乙基醚维生素C具有最高的稳定性,维生素C、100目维生素C、复配维生素C和96%颗粒维生素C次之,维生素C钠、复配维生素C钠和维生素C钙具有最低的热和储藏稳定性。研究结果将为果蔬保鲜及和维生素C稳定化提供理论参考。

More Properties of Semi-Linear Uniform Spaces

In this paper we shall generalize the definition given in [1] for Lipschitz condition and contractions for functions on a non-metrizable space, besides we shall give more properties of semi-linear uniform spaces.