基于FBS-TRIZ的园艺拖拉机设计研究

目的关注园艺拖拉机使用过程中驾驶者的相关行为,提取园艺拖拉机驾驶者的使用需求,并将其转化为产品技术特性的设计要求,提升园艺拖拉机驾驶者的用户需求满意度。方法将FBS-TRIZ理论融合作为研究园艺拖拉机功能需求映射的方法。通过对用户行为特征的分析,结合用户访谈、问卷调研等方式获取用户需求,运用FBS模型,构建出园艺拖拉机功能需求模型,将行为作为连接功能需求与产品结构的纽带,通过分析获取解决设计问题的方法;运用TRIZ理论进行冲突问题的分析与转化,并针对设计层面产品特性的矛盾提出解决方案。结论FBS与TRIZ理论的融合应用能够将用户需求精准转化为技术特性层面的设计要求,对园艺拖拉机用户需求设计方面的不足提出了相应的解决方案,为设计师提供了将用户需求向功能结构的映射转化的指导,验证了该方法的有效性。

基于AHP/QFD/FBS模型的果园管理机创新设计研究

目的 改善本土农机装备现行设计流程在方案创新中的不足,实现果园管理机要素的优化和设计的创新。方法 面向农业4.0场景应用,引入工业设计创新思维到农机装备设计,构建层次分析法(AHP)、质量功能展开(QFD)和FBS(Function-Behavior-Structure)模型相结合的创新设计流程。首先,通过AHP和QFD的分析过程,将用户需求转化为关键产品特性。然后,结合相关特性指标,优化、更新、重组产品功能的内在属性,逐步建立概念性功能系统。最后,通过FBS模型的“功能-行为-结构”映射,求解功能实现的结构载体,以满足产品功能创新和结构要素为设计条件。最终完成果园管理机创新设计。结果 集成AHP/QFD/FBS的创新设计流程包含完整的需求分析、特性发掘、功能创新和结构求解过程。通过设计实践,果园管理机在用户体验、功能配置、适应性和智能化方面得到了提升。结论 该流程在农机装备方案创新中呈现出的有效性,能够为农业4.0中相关产品设计提供新思路和参考。

基于QFD-FBS的儿童游泳辅助产品创新设计研究

目的为消除儿童游泳时的恐水心理,助其更好地学习游泳,探索儿童游泳辅助产品的创新设计路径。方法首先,采用实地问卷调查法提取儿童初学游泳的需求并在层次分析法(AHP)中筛选出最大权重项;其次,运用QFD建立“用户需求-设计要求”关系矩阵,将关键设计目标转化为主要功能;最后,在FBS模型中映射出功能对应的结构模块。结果提出儿童游泳辅助产品以用户行为需求为导向的四大功能模块,即预警功能模块、学习功能模块、娱乐功能模块、调节功能模块,并以此为起点完成功能层-行为层-结构层的映射,从而指导游泳辅助产品的创新设计表现。结论QFD-FBS相结合能够填补空白点,在游泳辅助产品创新开发领域具有较好的指导意义,提高了儿童学习游泳的满意度,为游泳辅助产品设计领域引入新思路。

结合FAST-FAHP-FBS整合模型的适老化智能床头柜设计研究

为了优化现有适老化智能床头柜设计,改善当今适老化家具市场存在的定位失焦、同质化严重、智能乱象等问题。首先,依据扎根理论构建需求体系,通过FAST理论将需求转化为功能并进一步功能细化;其次,采用FAHP进行功能权重求解。基于权重计算结果并借助FBS将权重较高的功能转化为结构设计点进行设计,应用模糊综合评价方法进行设计反馈。FAST-FAHP-FBS整合模型设计流程将质性与量化研究整合,将适老化智能床头柜设计建立于用户需求之上,为今后适老化家具的设计提供理论与实践参考。

基于FBS的汽车起重机远程操控系统人机交互设计研究

目的通过人机交互分析与FBS设计模型得出远程操控过程中的用户交互范式与原型设计,构建出远程操控系统的人机交互过程,形成起重机远程操控系统设计方案。方法首先,根据用户调研与实验对现有起重机操控系统中的人机交互特征进行分析和研究,构建起重机远程操控系统的人机交互模型;其次,结合功能需求与用户行为特征,结合FBS(功能-行为-结构)的设计分析方法得出起重机远程交互系统的结构组成,根据人机交互相关研究设计出具体的解决方案;最后,运用CreoManikin进行人机工程仿真分析验证。结论通过人机交互分析和FBS设计模型确定设计因素并进行方案设计,形成起重机远程操控系统设计方案,对工程机械远程操作系统产品的设计研发具有一定的理论研究意义与应用价值。

Assessing mixing uniformity in microreactors via in-line spectroscopy

Mixing behavior is critical for enhancing the selectivity of fast chemical reactions in microreactors.A high Reynolds number(Re)improves the mixing rate and selectivity of the reactions,but some exceptions of increasing side product yield with the higher Re have been reported.This study investigated the mixing uniformity in microreactors with in-line UV-vis spectroscopy to clarify the relationship between reaction selectivity and chaotic mixing with the higher Re.A colorization experiment of thymolphthalein in an acidic solution was conducted with an excess acid amount to the base to indicate a non-uniformly mixed region.Non-uniformity significantly increased with Re.At the same time,the degree of mixing,which was measured by a usual decolorization experiment,showed that the mixing rate increased with Re.The in-line analysis of the Villermaux-Dushman reaction during the mixing clarified that side product yield significantly increased with Re at around 300 and then decreased at around 1100.These results suggest the compensation effect between the mixing uniformity and mixing rate on the selectivity of the mixing-sensitive reactions.Faster mixing,characterized by a larger Re,can disturb mixing uniformity and,in some cases,decrease reaction selectivity.

Customized modulation on plasma uniformity by non-uniform magnetic field in capacitively coupled plasma

A two-dimensional fluid model based on COMSOL Multiphysics is developed to investigate the modulation of static magnetic field on plasma homogeneity in a capacitively coupled plasma(CCP)chamber. To generate a static magnetic field, direct current is applied to a circular coil located at the top of the chamber. By adjusting the magnetic field's configuration, which is done by altering the coil current and position, both the plasma uniformity and density can be significantly modulated. In the absence of the magnetic field, the plasma density exhibits an inhomogeneous distribution characterized by higher values at the plasma edge and lower values at the center. The introduction of a magnetic field generated by coils results in a significant increase in electron density near the coils. Furthermore, an increase in the sets of coils improves the uniformity of the plasma. By flexibly adjusting the positions of the coils and the applied current,a substantial enhancement in overall uniformity can be achieved. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using this method for achieving uniform plasma densities in industrial applications.

Uniformity Control of Scanned Beam in 300 MeV Proton and Heavy Ion Accelerator Complex at SESRI

In recent years,heavy ion accelerator technology has been rapidly developing worldwide and widely applied in the fields of space radiation simulation and particle therapy.Usually,a very high uniformity in the irradiation area is required for the extracted ion beams,which is crucial because it directly affects the experimental precision and therapeutic effect.Specifically,ultra-large-area and high-uniformity scanning are crucial requirements for spacecraft radiation effects assessment and serve as core specification for beamline terminal design.In the 300 MeV proton and heavy ion accelerator complex at the Space Environment Simulation and Research Infrastructure(SESRI),proton and heavy ion beams will be accelerated and ultimately delivered to three irradiation terminals.In order to achieve the required large irradiation area of 320 mm×320 mm,horizontal and vertical scanning magnets are used in the extraction beam line.However,considering the various requirements for beam species and energies,the tracking accuracy of power supplies(PSs),the eddy current effect of scanning magnets,and the fluctuation of ion bunch structure will reduce the irradiation uniformity.To mitigate these effects,a beam uniformity optimization method based on the measured beam distribution was proposed and applied in the accelerator complex at SESRI.In the experiment,the uniformity is successfully optimized from 75%to over 90%after five iterations of adjustment to the PS waveforms.In this paper,the method and experimental results were introduced.

Low-Complexity Reconstruction of Covariance Matrix in Hybrid Uniform Circular Array

Spatial covariance matrix(SCM) is essential in many multi-antenna systems such as massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO). For multi-antenna systems operating at millimeter-wave bands, hybrid analog-digital structure has been widely adopted to reduce the cost of radio frequency chains.In this situation, signals received at the antennas are unavailable to the digital receiver, and as a consequence, traditional sample average approach cannot be used for SCM reconstruction in hybrid multi-antenna systems. To address this issue, beam sweeping algorithm(BSA) which can reconstruct the SCM effectively for a hybrid uniform linear array, has been proposed in our previous works. However, direct extension of BSA to a hybrid uniform circular array(UCA)will result in a huge computational burden. To this end, a low-complexity approach is proposed in this paper. By exploiting the symmetry features of SCM for the UCA, the number of unknowns can be reduced significantly and thus the complexity of reconstruction can be saved accordingly. Furthermore, an insightful analysis is also presented in this paper, showing that the reduction of the number of unknowns can also improve the accuracy of the reconstructed SCM. Simulation results are also shown to demonstrate the proposed approach.

Experimental Study on Gas Flow Uniformity in a Diesel Particulate Filter Carrier

A Diesel Particulate Filter(DPF)is a critical device for diesel engine exhaust products treatment.When using active-regeneration purification methods,on the one hand,a spatially irregular gas flow can produce relatively high local temperatures,potentially resulting in damage to the carrier;On the other hand,the internal temperature field can also undergo significant changes contributing to increase this risk.This study explores the gas flow uniformity in a DPF carrier and the related temperature behavior under drop-to-idle(DTI)condition by means of bench tests.It is shown that the considered silicon carbide carrier exhibits good flow uniformity,with a temperature deviation of no more than 2%with respect to the same radius measurement point at the outlet during the regeneration stage.In the DTI test,the temperature is relatively high within r/2 near the outlet end,where the maximum temperature peak occurs,and the maximum radial temperature gradient is located between r/2 and the edge.Both these quantities grow as the soot load increases,thereby making the risk of carrier burnout greater.Finally,it is shown that the soot load limit of the silicon carbide DPF can be extended to 11 g/L,which reduces the frequency of active regeneration by approximately 40%compared to a cordierite DPF.

Frost deformation and microstructure evolution of porous rock under uniform and unidirectional freeze-thaw conditions

The frost deterioration and deformation of porous rock are commonly investigated under uniform freeze-thaw(FT)conditions.However,the unidirectional FT condition,which is also prevalent in engineering practice,has received limited attention.Therefore,a comparative study on frost deformation and microstructure evolution of porous rock under both uniform and unidirectional FT conditions was performed.Firstly,frost deformation experiments of rock were conducted under cyclic uniform and unidirectional FT action,respectively.Results illustrate that frost deformation of saturated rock exhibits isotropic characteristics under uniform FT cycles,while it shows anisotropic characteristics under unidirectional FT condition with both the frost heaving strain and residual strain along FT direction much higher than those perpendicular to FT direction.Moreover,the peak value and residual value of cumulative frost strain vary as logarithmic functions with cycle number under both uniform and unidirectional FT conditions.Subsequently,the microstructure evolution of rock suffered cyclic uniform and unidirectional FT action were measured.Under uniform FT cycles,newly generated pores uniformly distribute in rock and pore structure of rock remains isotropic in micro scale,and thus the frost deformation shows isotropic characteristics in macro scale.Under unidirectional FT cycles,micro-cracks or pore belts generate with their orientation nearly perpendicular to the FT direction,and rock structure gradually becomes anisotropic in micro scale,resulting in the anisotropic characteristics of frost deformation in macro scale.

Effect of coil and chamber structure on plasma radial uniformity in radio frequency inductively coupled plasma

Enhancing plasma uniformity can be achieved by modifying coil and chamber structures in radio frequency inductively coupled plasma(ICP)to meet the demand for large-area and uniformly distributed plasma in industrial manufacturing.This study utilized a two-dimensional self-consistent fluid model to investigate how different coil configurations and chamber aspect ratios affect the radial uniformity of plasma in radio frequency ICP.The findings indicate that optimizing the radial spacing of the coil enhances plasma uniformity but with a reduction in electron density.Furthermore,optimizing the coil within the ICP reactor,using the interior point method in the Interior Point Optimizer significantly enhances plasma uniformity,elevating it from 56%to 96%within the range of the model sizes.Additionally,when the chamber aspect ratio k changes from 2.8 to 4.7,the plasma distribution changes from a center-high to a saddleshaped distribution.Moreover,the plasma uniformity becomes worse.Finally,adjusting process parameters,such as increasing source power and gas pressure,can enhance plasma uniformity.These findings contribute to optimizing the etching process by improving plasma radial uniformity.

Harmonic balance simulation of the influence of component uniformity and reliability on the performance of a Josephson traveling wave parametric amplifier

A Josephson traveling wave parametric amplifier(JTWPA),which is a quantum-limited amplifier with high gain and large bandwidth,is the core device of large-scale measurement and control systems for quantum computing.A typical JTWPA consists of thousands of Josephson junctions connected in series to form a transmission line and hundreds of shunt LC resonators periodically loaded along the line for phase matching.Because the variation of these capacitors and inductors can be detrimental to their high-frequency characteristics,the fabrication of a JTWPA typically necessitates precise processing equipment.To guide the fabrication process and further improve the design for manufacturability,it is necessary to understand how each electronic component affects the amplifier.In this paper,we use the harmonic balance method to conduct a comprehensive study on the impact of nonuniformity and fabrication yield of the electronic components on the performance of a JTWPA.The results provide insightful and scientific guidance for device design and fabrication processes.

基于Kano-FBS模型的智能桌面便签机设计

为帮助办公人群更高效率地完成工作并获得更多乐趣,同时缓解工作压力,将使用便利贴记事这一行为向智能化趋势靠拢,文章首先基于Kano模型深入分析智能桌面便签机用户需求,确定功能特性类型,并明确相对重要的用户体验需求。其次采用FBS模型将关键需求与产品设计相对应,确保设计方案的合理性。最后通过理论模型的应用得到更具创新性和实用性的设计方案,提高用户工作效率的同时增添趣味性,为办公用品创新发展和改进提供有针对性的指导。

Research on the design method for uniform wear of shield cutters in sand-pebble strata

During shield tunneling in highly abrasive formations such as sand–pebble strata,nonuniform wear of shield cutters is inevitable due to the different cutting distances.Frequent downtimes and cutter replacements have become major obstacles to long-distance shield driving in sand–pebble strata.Based on the cutter wear characteristics in sand–pebble strata in Beijing,a design methodology for the cutterhead and cutters was established in this study to achieve uniform wear of all cutters by the principle of frictional wear.The applicability of the design method was verified through three-dimensional simulations using the engineering discrete element method.The results show that uniform wear of all cutters on the cutterhead could be achieved by installing different numbers of cutters on each trajectory radius and designing a curved spoke with a certain arch height according to the shield diameter.Under the uniform wear scheme,the cutter wear coefficient is greatly reduced,and the largest shield driving distance is increased by approximately 47%over the engineering scheme.The research results indicate that the problem of nonuniform cutter wear in shield excavation could be overcome,thereby providing guiding significance for theoretical innovation and construction of long-distance shield excavation in highly abrasive strata.

Underdetermined direction of arrival estimation with nonuniform linear motion sampling based on a small unmanned aerial vehicle platform

Uniform linear array(ULA)radars are widely used in the collision-avoidance radar systems of small unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).In practice,a ULA's multi-target direction of arrival(DOA)estimation performance suffers from significant performance degradation owing to the limited number of physical elements.To improve the underdetermined DOA estimation performance of a ULA radar mounted on a small UAV platform,we propose a nonuniform linear motion sampling underdetermined DOA estimation method.Using the motion of the UAV platform,the echo signal is sampled at different positions.Then,according to the concept of difference co-array,a virtual ULA with multiple array elements and a large aperture is synthesized to increase the degrees of freedom(DOFs).Through position analysis of the original and motion arrays,we propose a nonuniform linear motion sampling method based on ULA for determining the optimal DOFs.Under the condition of no increase in the aperture of the physical array,the proposed method obtains a high DOF with fewer sampling runs and greatly improves the underdetermined DOA estimation performance of ULA.The results of numerical simulations conducted herein verify the superior performance of the proposed method.

非均匀应变下FBG光谱传感特性实验研究

通过激光切割技术,加工带有通孔的悬臂梁结构来构建非均匀应变分布,从而研究光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)在非均匀应变分布下的光谱传感特性。首先仿真分析了悬臂梁表面应变分布情况,随后分别选取均匀FBG(UFBG)和切趾FBG(AFBG)敷设在通过开设通孔构建出的悬臂梁表面非均匀应变分布区域,开展了FBG传感特性实验研究。实验结果表明,随着悬臂梁自由端位移逐渐增加,两种FBG的中心波长和带宽逐渐增大,峰值功率和边模抑制比逐渐降低,但仅中心波长与位移变化具有良好的线性度,位移灵敏度分别为0.1298 nm/mm和0.1582 nm/mm。相对而言,UFBG的反射光谱对非均匀应变分布的变化更为敏感,这对光谱形状传感是有益的。AFBG则表现出一定的抑制或免疫作用,这对中心波长传感是有益的。最后,为了提高灵敏度和实现温度补偿,选取双FBG传感法进行位移测量,测量结果表明双UFBG光谱带宽随位移变化的灵敏度可达0.2826 nm/mm,双AFBG中心波长差随位移变化的灵敏度可达0.3142 nm/mm。

基于FBG的辊压机辊面非均匀应变分段重构研究

为实现对辊压机辊面内部损伤的监测,传统的重构方法不能较好地重构出结构损伤时应变局部突变的特点,文中提出了一种基于FBG传感的非均匀应变分段重构的方法。结合传输矩阵法推导了分段重构方法的可行性,改进差分进化算法对不同工况下的应变分布进行分段重构仿真与分析。结果表明:在正常工作状态下,分段与未分段重构方法都可以较好地重构非均匀应变;在损伤状态下,分段重构方法得到的应变均方根误差为4.505με,小于未分段重构方法的18.991με。说明分段重构方法具有一定的泛化能力,可以适应不同辊面工况下的非均匀应变重构。

基于QFD-Kano与FBS的产科等待座椅设计研究

为减缓孕妇在医院等待产检过程的焦虑,客观理性地将孕妇对于等待区座椅的需求转化为产品的设计特性,提升孕妇产检过程以及整个围生期的用户体验。本研究首先进行用户访谈和文献查询获取孕妇对于等待空间座椅的需求,采用Kano模型分析各需求类型;其次,运用QFD矩阵将孕妇的需求转化为座椅的设计需求并得出各项设计需求的权重;最后,将关键的设计需求引入FBS模型,推导出座椅的结构化信息,得到等待空间座椅的设计。通过QFD-Kano与FBS模型的综合运用,对产科等待空间座椅的材质、造型、隐私、舒适性等方面的不足提出相应的解决方案,座椅的结构与设计需求相匹配,整个设计流程科学规范。同时验证了QFD-Kano与FBS融合运用的可能性。

结合Kano-QFD与FBS模型的露营椅创新设计方法研究

针对露营椅开发设计主要依赖生产企业和设计师的主观判断、设计方案与用户需求匹配度低、缺少科学量化的设计要素获取方法等问题,结合Kano-QFD与FBS模型,探索针对露营椅的创新设计方法。首先,通过用户访谈和调查问卷获取露营椅的初始用户需求,利用Kano模型得到用户需求类别及重要度;其次,基于QFD理论对用户需求进行量化分析,获取露营椅各项设计要求及权重;最后,将获得的关键设计要求导入FBS模型,完成露营椅功能要素到结构要素的映射转化,最终实现露营椅的创新设计。实践证明,结合Kano-QFD和FBS模型,能全面获取及分析用户需求,输出露营椅的具体解决方案,实现了用户需求到产品设计要素的精准映射,为展开露营椅创新设计提供一条新路径。