This article examines the public revenue and expenditure patterns and its nexus of a few countries.This paper employs panel unit root,panel cointegration and Vector Error Correction Model to analyze the inter-temporal...This article examines the public revenue and expenditure patterns and its nexus of a few countries.This paper employs panel unit root,panel cointegration and Vector Error Correction Model to analyze the inter-temporal association among the variables of government revenues,expenditures and the growth of GDP through the panel data of ten divergent nations over the period 2001 to 2017.The study exercised three cointegration tests and these estimates find the evidence of long run association among articulated three variables.To know the cross-section status of different nations this paper diverted Phillips-Peron test with bandwidth statistics and it asserted that,all ten countries secured the long run association among the variables.The study uncovered that,growth of GDP has escalated in 0.78%by one percentage increase in revenue expenditure;meanwhile,1.41%lessening in GDP growth by one percentage increase in revenue income.The specified model is supported by a few diagnostic tests.展开更多
This paper investigates the empirical validity of the Weak Form Efficient Market Hypothesis for American, European and Asian stock markets. Random Walk Hypothesis is used to prove weak form efficiency in American, Eur...This paper investigates the empirical validity of the Weak Form Efficient Market Hypothesis for American, European and Asian stock markets. Random Walk Hypothesis is used to prove weak form efficiency in American, European and Asian stock indices. ADF and PP Unit Root Tests have been used to test unit root in time series of daily data of American, European and Asian stock indices. Results show that sample of stock markets are weak-form efficient in terms of the Random Walk Hypothesis.展开更多
Micropropagation has been widely used for the rapid multiplication of many plant species, where the final quality of the plant depends on the acclimatization stage. To obtain compact plants, with desired characteristi...Micropropagation has been widely used for the rapid multiplication of many plant species, where the final quality of the plant depends on the acclimatization stage. To obtain compact plants, with desired characteristics and adaptable to field conditions, the use of chemical inhibitors of growth is necessary. In sugarcane of the variety CP 72-2086 the effects caused by the growth regulator paclobutrazol (PBZ) in vitro plants applied in the acclimatization phase are unknown. The objective of this research was to know the effect of paclobutrazol in the acclimatization phase in the growth and development of the vitro plants of sugarcane of the variety CP 72-2086. The research was carried out in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agronomy of the Autonomous University of Sinaloa, located at 24°37'29"N and 107°26'36"W, in Sinaloa, Mexico. Micro-propagated sugarcane seedlings were used by tissue culture;vitro plants were extracted from the flasks 24 hours before being transplanted into the greenhouse. The treatments of PBZ applied were the doses of 0 (control), 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mg·L-1. The PBZ was applied when the seedlings had seven true leaves [(31 days after transplant (ddt)], and did not show gutting. At 36 ddt, the vitro plants of the trays were extracted and the variables evaluated were height (cm), stem diameter (mm), root length (cm), root volume (mL), root dry weight (g), aerial biomass dry weight (g), leaf area (cm2) and greenness in spad units. A randomized complete block design with three replicates was used. The results of the study indicated that the dose of 150 g·L-1 of PBZ induced the growth of plants more compact and of better quality for the transplant.展开更多
文摘This article examines the public revenue and expenditure patterns and its nexus of a few countries.This paper employs panel unit root,panel cointegration and Vector Error Correction Model to analyze the inter-temporal association among the variables of government revenues,expenditures and the growth of GDP through the panel data of ten divergent nations over the period 2001 to 2017.The study exercised three cointegration tests and these estimates find the evidence of long run association among articulated three variables.To know the cross-section status of different nations this paper diverted Phillips-Peron test with bandwidth statistics and it asserted that,all ten countries secured the long run association among the variables.The study uncovered that,growth of GDP has escalated in 0.78%by one percentage increase in revenue expenditure;meanwhile,1.41%lessening in GDP growth by one percentage increase in revenue income.The specified model is supported by a few diagnostic tests.
文摘This paper investigates the empirical validity of the Weak Form Efficient Market Hypothesis for American, European and Asian stock markets. Random Walk Hypothesis is used to prove weak form efficiency in American, European and Asian stock indices. ADF and PP Unit Root Tests have been used to test unit root in time series of daily data of American, European and Asian stock indices. Results show that sample of stock markets are weak-form efficient in terms of the Random Walk Hypothesis.
文摘Micropropagation has been widely used for the rapid multiplication of many plant species, where the final quality of the plant depends on the acclimatization stage. To obtain compact plants, with desired characteristics and adaptable to field conditions, the use of chemical inhibitors of growth is necessary. In sugarcane of the variety CP 72-2086 the effects caused by the growth regulator paclobutrazol (PBZ) in vitro plants applied in the acclimatization phase are unknown. The objective of this research was to know the effect of paclobutrazol in the acclimatization phase in the growth and development of the vitro plants of sugarcane of the variety CP 72-2086. The research was carried out in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agronomy of the Autonomous University of Sinaloa, located at 24°37'29"N and 107°26'36"W, in Sinaloa, Mexico. Micro-propagated sugarcane seedlings were used by tissue culture;vitro plants were extracted from the flasks 24 hours before being transplanted into the greenhouse. The treatments of PBZ applied were the doses of 0 (control), 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mg·L-1. The PBZ was applied when the seedlings had seven true leaves [(31 days after transplant (ddt)], and did not show gutting. At 36 ddt, the vitro plants of the trays were extracted and the variables evaluated were height (cm), stem diameter (mm), root length (cm), root volume (mL), root dry weight (g), aerial biomass dry weight (g), leaf area (cm2) and greenness in spad units. A randomized complete block design with three replicates was used. The results of the study indicated that the dose of 150 g·L-1 of PBZ induced the growth of plants more compact and of better quality for the transplant.
