Finite Element Analysis of Vehicle Load Effect on Harvesting Energy Properties of a Piezoelectric Unit

To realize the goal of harvesting energy from pavement vibration on a large scale, a new type of piezoelectric harvesting units as the energy transducer has been proposed. The piezoelectric harvesting units are paved 40 mm below the asphalt, which is the same as thickness of the top layer of typical asphalt pavement in China. The spacing distance is 2200 mm, which is the same as the one between two tires of a normal vehicle. A mathematical model of the unit is deduced on Meda empirical formula and Hamilton principle and piezoelectric equations. Effects of the external vehicle load on its harvesting energy properties and pavement deformation and stress are analyzed with the finite element method. The results show that the excited voltage is linearly variation with contact pressure while the harvested electrical energy exponential varies with contact pressure. The more the contact pressure is, the larger the harvested electrical energy and the deformation and stress are. The harvested electrical energy also increases with the load frequency. At least 100 mJ of electrical energy can be collected with the proposed piezoelectric harvesting unit. It shows that the technology application of the piezoelectric harvesting energy from pavement is promising.

Simulation of fluid-structure interaction in a microchannel using the lattice Boltzmann method and size-dependent beam element on a graphics processing unit

Fluid-structure interaction （FSI） problems in microchannels play a prominent role in many engineering applications. The present study is an effort toward the simulation of flow in microchannel considering FSI. The bottom boundary of the microchannel is simulated by size-dependent beam elements for the finite element method （FEM） based on a modified cou- ple stress theory. The lattice Boltzmann method （LBM） using the D2Q13 LB model is coupled to the FEM in order to solve the fluid part of the FSI problem. Because of the fact that the LBM generally needs only nearest neighbor information, the algorithm is an ideal candidate for parallel computing. The simulations are carried out on graphics processing units （GPUs） using computed unified device architecture （CUDA）. In the present study, the governing equations are non-dimensionalized and the set of dimensionless groups is exhibited to show their effects on micro-beam displacement. The numerical results show that the displacements of the micro-beam predicted by the size-dependent beam element are smaller than those by the classical beam element.

Inversion of the Main Mineral Compositions and Subdivision of Tectonic Units on Lunar LQ-4 based on Chang'e Data

Spectra are sensitive in detecting main minerals on the lunar surface from visible light to infrared light. Since spectral characteristics of minerals are closely related to their compositions and the maturity level of soil on the Moon, studying the compositions and distribution of elements and minerals on the lunar surface can help to understand the evolution of the Moon through remote sensing technology. The correlation between the spectral characteristics of Chang＇e-1 interference imaging spectrometry（IIM） reflectance images and the mineral contents of LSCC（Lunar Soil Characterization Consortium） lunar surface mineral samples was discussed and the spatial distributions of Fe O and Al_2O_3 contained in both pyroxene and plagioclase on LQ-4 were studied using the improved angle parameter method, MNF, and band ratio statistics. A comparison of the mapping results of the optical models by Lucey, Shkuractov and other researchers on Clementine and the gamma ray spectrometry data shows that the content error is within 0.6% for lunar mare areas and close to 1% for the highland areas. The tectonic framework on the lunar surface was also investigated. And based on integrated analysis of previous findings on topography of the lunar surface, Chang＇e LAM, CCD and LOLA images and the gravity anomalies data（Clementine GLGM-2）, the tectonic unit subdivision was established for LQ-4, the idea of subdividing the lunar tectonic units was proposed, and this will provide a good foundation for studying the lunar tectonic evolution.

A PRECISE SINGULAR FINITE ELEMENT FOR CRACK ANALYSIS

The multi-variable finite element algorithm based on the generalized Gulerkin's method is more flexible to establish a finite element model in the continuum mechanics. By using this algorithm and numerical tests a new singular finite element for elasto-plastic fracture analysis has been formulated. The results of numerical tests show that the new element possesses high accuracy and good performance. Some rules for formulating a multi-variable singular finite element are also discussed in this paper.

Stream Surface Strip Element Method and Simulation of Three-Dimensional Deformation of Continuous Hot Rolled Strip

A new method,the stream surface strip element method,for simulating the three-dimensional deformation of plate and strip rolling process was proposed.The rolling deformation zone was divided into a number of stream surface(curved surface)strip elements along metal flow traces,and the stream surface strip elements were mapped into the corresponding plane strip elements for analysis and computation.The longitudinal distributions of the lateral displacement and the altitudinal displacement of metal were respectively constructed to be a quartic curve and a quadratic curve,of which the lateral distributions were expressed as the third-power spline function,and the altitudinal distributions were fitted in the quadratic curve.From the flow theory of plastic mechanics,the mathematical models of the three-dimensional deformations and stresses of the deformation zone were constructed.Compared with the streamline strip element method proposed by the first author of this paper,the stream surface strip element method takes into account the uneven distributions of stresses and deformations along altitudinal direction,and realizes the precise three-dimensional analysis and computation.The simulation example of continuous hot rolled strip indicates that the method and the model accord with facts and provide a new reliable engineering-computation method for the three-dimensional mechanics simulation of plate and strip rolling process.

3D FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE DAMAGE EFFECTS ON THE DENTAL COMPOSITE SUBJECT TO WATER SORPTION

The damage effects of water sorption on the mechanical properties of the hydroxyapatite particle reinforced Bis-GMA/TEGDMA copolymer （HA/Bis-GMA/TEGDMA） h-ave been predicted using 3D finite cell models. The plasticizer effect on the polymer matrix was considered as a variation of its Young＇s modulus. Three different cell models were used to determine the influence of varying particle contents, interphase strength and moisture concentration on the debonding damage. The stress distribution pattern has been examined and the stress transfer mode clarified. The Young＇s modulus and fracture strength of the Bis-GMA/TEGDMA composite were also predicted using the model with and without consideration of the damage. ine Iormer results with consideration of the debonding damage are in good agreement with existing literature experimental data. The shielding effect of our proposed model and an alternative approach were discussed. The FCC cell model has also been extended to predict the critical load for the damaged and the undamaged composite subject to the 3-point flexural test.

Eccentric Pumping Unit: Cost-effective and Reliable

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Elastic Predictions of 3D Orthogonal Woven Composites Using Micro/meso-scale Repeated Unit Cell Models

This presentation predicts the elastic properties of three-dimensional(3D)orthogonal woven composite(3DOWC)by finite element analysis based on micro/meso repeated unit cell(RUC)models.First,the properties of fiber yarn are obtained by analysis on a micro-scale RUC model assuming fibers in a hexagonal distribution pattern in the polymer matrix.Then a full thickness meso-scale RUC model including weft yarns,warp yarns,Z-yarns and pure resin zones is established and full stiffness matrix of the 3DOWC including the in-plane and flexural constants are predicted.For thick 3DOWC with large number of weft,warp layers,an alternative analysis method is proposed in which an inner meso-RUC and a surface meso-RUC are established,respectively.Then the properties of 3DOWC are deduced based on laminate theory and properties of the inner and surface layers.The predicted results by the above two alternative methods are in good experimental agreement.

STATISTIC MODELING OF THE CREEP BEHAVIOR OF METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES BASED ON FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

The aim of the paper is to discover the general creep mechanisms for the short fiber reinforcement matrix composites (MMCs) under uniaxial stress states and to build a relationship between the macroscopic steady creep behavior and the material micro geometric parameters. The unit cell models were used to calculate the macroscopic creep behavior with different micro geometric parameters of fibers on different loading directions. The influence of the geometric parameters of the fibers and loading directions on the macroscopic creep behavior had been obtained, and described quantitatively. The matrix/fiber interface had been considered by a third layer, matrix/fiber interlayer, in the unit cells with different creep properties and thickness. Based on the numerical results of the unit cell models, a statistic model had been presented for the plane randomly-distributed-fiber MMCs. The fiber breakage had been taken into account in the statistic model for it starts experimentally early in the creep life. With the distribution of the geometric parameters of the fibers, the results of the statistic model agree well with the experiments. With the statistic model, the influence of the geometric parameters and the breakage of the fibers as well as the properties and thickness of, the interlayer on the macroscopic steady creep rate have been discussed.

Unit Cell Modelling of Auxetic Structure

Auxetic material structures exhibit a negative Poisson ratio. The structure expands in the axial and transverse directions under tensile loading and vice versa under compression loading. Many fabricated designs for auxetic materials exist such as re-entrant hexagonal, chiral, and arrowhead geometries. This paper studies the unit cell of the re-entrant hexagonal geometry to understand how changing the internal angle and fillet radius of the structure affects the Poisson’s ratio. The material chosen for this study is acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) due to its availability and frequent use in additive manufacturing. The study was based on finite element analysis. It is observed that the direction of load applied to the unit cell affects the unit cell strain, Poisson’s ratio, and maximum load capacity before failure responses. It is noticed that the re-entrant cell starts by showing a standard non-auxetic behavior until it reaches a specific axial strain value. A quadratic correlation is identified between axial and transverse strain. Designing an auxetic structure starts with understanding the behavior of a unit cell structure. The auxetic structure design is a complex process that requires a compromise between auxetic property to be achieved and load capacity via avoiding stress concentration zones.

Study on the particle breakage of ballast based on a GPU accelerated discrete element method

Breakage of particles will have greatly influence on mechanical behavior of granular material(GM)under external loads,such as ballast,rockfill and sand.The discrete element method(DEM)is one of the most popular methods for simulating GM as each particle is represented on its own.To study breakage mechanism of particle breakage,a cohesive contact mode is developed based on the GPU accelerated DEM code-Blaze-DEM.A database of the 3D geometry model of rock blocks is established based on the 3D scanning method.And an agglomerate describing the rock block with a series of non-overlapping spherical particles is used to build the DEM numerical model of a railway ballast sample,which is used to the DEM oedometric test to study the particles’breakage characteristics of the sample under external load.Furthermore,to obtain the meso-mechanical parameters used in DEM,a black-analysis method is used based on the laboratory tests of the rock sample.Based on the DEM numerical tests,the particle breakage process and mechanisms of the railway ballast are studied.All results show that the developed code can better used for large scale simulation of the particle breakage analysis of granular material.

主轴结构参数对静刚度贡献度的分析

为了研究主轴芯轴的结构参数对主轴径向静刚度的影响规律,以某型号主轴为研究对象,通过有限元模型静力学分析主轴径向静刚度。将主轴芯轴的结构参数简化为12个主要结构参数,采用单一变量法和相关性分析法分析结构参数和主轴径向静刚度的相关性,确定与主轴径向静刚度显著相关的结构参数。运用正交试验-方差分析法分析关键结构参数对主轴径向静刚度的贡献度。结果表明:主轴悬伸部分和轴承跨距之间的结构参数对主轴径向静刚度的贡献度分别为20.3%、69.8%,可以通过定向改变主轴芯轴结构参数控制主轴径向静刚度,提高主轴的刚度特性。

北京大院生活型街道边界要素对可步行性的影响--以玉渊潭南路、太平路、翠微路为例

文章以提升城市街道可步行性为目标,以北京大院生活型街道为例,对街道边界空间要素对可步行性的影响进行了研究。研究分析了3条北京大院生活型案例街道的边界要素构成及组合模式,并基于街景图像对街道可步行性进行评分,将要素与可步行性评分进行相关性研究,指出对可步行性影响高的边界要素及其作用,为大院生活型街道的更新设计提供参考。研究表明,要素的数量、感知边界要素的类型、要素的细部设计对街道可步行性有较高影响。此外,绿地要素的灵活运用能够显著提升街道的可步行性。

GNPs改性环氧3D编织复合材料导热特性研究

石墨烯纳米片(Graphene nanoplatelets,GNPs)改性3D编织复合材料将GNPs与编织物有机融合,有望协同提高材料导热特性。然而,3D编织复合材料内胞和表胞呈现出不同的导热特性,加之GNPs的协同改性作用,增加了材料导热特性研究难度。本文紧扣GNPs改性3D编织复合材料细观结构特征,以GNPs改性树脂等效热导率表征为基础,基于周期性温度边界条件,构建材料的多胞有限元热物理分析模型,详尽研究了GNPs含量、编织角和纤维体积分数等对各胞元热导率的影响规律。分析表明:随着GNPs含量增加,3D编织复合材料导热特性逐步提升。随着编织角增加,GNPs改性3D编织复合材料横向热导率迅速增加而纵向热导率下降;同时,GNPs改性3D编织复合材料热导率随纤维体积分数增加而提升。上述规律为GNPs改性3D编织复合材料导热性能设计提供了坚实的理论基础。

多层复合PVB夹层玻璃的低速冲击性能研究

采用ABAQUS有限元软件,构建落锤冲击聚乙烯醇缩丁醛酯(PVB)夹层玻璃板的1/4对称模型,在其网格单元间嵌入零厚度内聚力粘结单元,模拟冲击失效过程,在相同的总厚度条件下,分析了玻璃层数、PVB厚度对夹层玻璃抗冲击性能的影响。结果表明,总厚度不变的情况下,玻璃层数对夹层玻璃的冲击失效有明显的影响。玻璃厚度一定,当PVB厚度h≤1.9 mm时,适当减小PVB厚度能改善双层夹层玻璃的吸能效果;当PVB厚度h>1.9 mm时,适当增加PVB厚度能改善双层夹层玻璃的吸能效果。对于三层夹层玻璃,上层PVB厚度的变化对玻璃抗冲击性能的影响更加明显且适当减小上层PVB厚度能改善三层夹层玻璃的吸能效果。

C型钢缀板柱的有限元模拟方法研究

缀板柱以其制造简便、稳定性高且价格低廉的优势,在工程钢结构中得到了广泛应用,如何准确模拟缀板与立柱之间的连接情况,是工程结构有限元模拟时的重要问题。文章采用有限元软件ANSYS,研究C型钢缀板柱中缀板与立柱之间连接情况的有限元模拟问题,通过对比单元整体建模与节点耦合建模的模拟结果,分析了节点耦合连接方法的模拟原理并提出了使用时的注意事项。计算分析表明:整体建模模拟效果较好但不便于模型修改和精细化模拟,节点耦合便于修改但需要考虑耦合方法和连接面积。文章提出的简化统一耦合方法模拟效果好,适应性强,对于工程实践中的有限元模拟工作具有一定指导意义。

配电网单相接地故障的电场检测装置研制

为了提升电场检测精度,研制配电网单相接地故障的电场检测装置。利用低通调理电路采集传感单元在电场中产生的感应电压,实时计算出线路附近的电场强度。使用COMSOL软件对输电线路单相接地故障情况进行有限元仿真,观察空间电场的变化情况。搭建工频均匀电场试验平台,对PCB传感单元进行电场强度测量校正,验证COMSOL电场强度仿真值。利用验证后的仿真值对平行半圆板电场测量传感单元进行校正,建立输电线路模型,对输电线路发生单相接地故障前后的电场强度进行测量。实验结果表明,当线路A相发生接地故障时,其周围电场强度迅速减小,而B、C两相周围电场强度增大,与仿真结果一致,电场检测精度较高。

基于图形处理器的水下目标传递函数多频点处理方法

为了提高水下目标宽带回波的计算速度,本文提出一种基于图形处理器GPU的散射传递函数多频点快速计算解决方案。相较于传统算法中逐个频率点计算的方式,CUDA快速算法充分利用各频点处目标强度的相对独立性,基于GPU的硬件特点,同时计算宽带内的散射声场,从而显著提高了计算效率。本文以潜航器模型为算例,对不同网格数量下模型的目标散射传递函数计算速度进行对比分析。仿真结果表明,相较于传统的CPU串行计算,采用CUDA快速算法能够实现超过80的加速比,有效提高了计算速度。

某型微波炉纸浆模塑包装的设计方法与仿真优化

目的提出一种微波炉纸浆模塑包装的新设计路线,建立评判纸浆模塑性能优劣的仿真标准,通过仿真迭代优化得到力学性能优异、可靠性高、材料用量少、尺寸小、装柜量高、成本低、研发周期短的微波炉纸浆模塑包装。方法基于薄壁结构力学原理的结构单元设计与有限元仿真优化和实验验证。结果某型微波炉纸浆模塑包装在材料用量减少5.5%的前提下,包装结构力学性能和跌落可靠性显著提升,研发周期缩短至原来的一半,整机装柜量提高了16.4%,成本降低了14.2%。结论该新设计方法能够有效提升纸浆模塑包装的可靠性、缩短研发周期和明显降低成本。

大型模块化预制施工在常减压装置改造中的应用

石化装置检修改造通常存在工期短、任务重、各施工环节严重交叉及施工难度大等问题。在某330万t/a常减压装置检修改造施工中,将核心钢结构框架拆分成几个模块,结合作业空间、装置停工周期等实际情况,利用大型吊装设备,采用大型模块化预制、整体吊装的思路,在有限场地内合理展开各施工工序,在常减压装置停车前即完成了70%以上的模块预制量。结合有限元模型对吊装模块进行分析,准确确定出了吊装模块的重心位置,设置了大型框架式吊装平衡梁,并对模块应力集中部位进行精准加固。采用大型模块化预制施工的时间仅为传统施工周期的1/3~1/2,在类似装置建设施工中具有推广应用价值。