Test Case Prioritization in Unit and Integration Testing:A Shuffled-Frog-Leaping Approach

Both unit and integration testing are incredibly crucial for almost any software application because each of them operates a distinct process to examine the product.Due to resource constraints,when software is subjected to modifications,the drastic increase in the count of test cases forces the testers to opt for a test optimization strategy.One such strategy is test case prioritization(TCP).Existing works have propounded various methodologies that re-order the system-level test cases intending to boost either the fault detection capabilities or the coverage efficacy at the earliest.Nonetheless,singularity in objective functions and the lack of dissimilitude among the re-ordered test sequences have degraded the cogency of their approaches.Considering such gaps and scenarios when the meteoric and continuous updations in the software make the intensive unit and integration testing process more fragile,this study has introduced a memetics-inspired methodology for TCP.The proposed structure is first embedded with diverse parameters,and then traditional steps of the shuffled-frog-leaping approach(SFLA)are followed to prioritize the test cases at unit and integration levels.On 5 standard test functions,a comparative analysis is conducted between the established algorithms and the proposed approach,where the latter enhances the coverage rate and fault detection of re-ordered test sets.Investigation results related to the mean average percentage of fault detection(APFD)confirmed that the proposed approach exceeds the memetic,basic multi-walk,PSO,and optimized multi-walk by 21.7%,13.99%,12.24%,and 11.51%,respectively.

基于TestBed/TBrun的高效测试执行方法

在使用TestBed/TBrun工具执行软件单元测试用例过程中,存在长数组无法自动赋值和结果比对导致测试效率低的问题。针对该问题,提出了一种基于TestBed/TBrun的高效测试执行方法。通过在后台文件中建立可自动识别读取长数组的通用驱动函数和自动对比测试结果的比对函数,对软件单元中的长数组输入/输出变量进行自动赋值及结果比对。经测试验证,该方法降低了用例执行耗时,提高了测试执行效率。

Electronic Unit Pump Test Bench Development and Pump Properties Research

A unit pump test bench is developed on an in-line pump test platform. The bench is composed of pump adapting assembly, fuel supply subsystem, lubricating subsystem and a control unit. A crank angle domain injection control method is given out and the control accuracy can be 0.1° crank degree. The bench can test both mechanical unit pump and electronic unit pump. A test model-PLD12 electronic unit pump is tested. Full pump delivery map and some influence factors test is done. Experimental results show that the injection quantity is linear with the delivery angle. The quantity change rate is 15% when fuel temperature increases 30 ℃. The delivery quantity per cycle increases 30 mg at 28 V drive voltage. The average delivery difference for two same type pumps is 5 %. Test results show that the bench can be used for unit pump verification.

A note on self-normalized Dickey-Fuller test for unit root in autoregressive time series with GARCH errors

In this article, the unit root test for AR（p） model with GARCH errors is considered. The Dickey-Fuller test statistics are rewritten in the form of self-normalized sums, and the asymptotic distribution of the test statistics is derived under the weak conditions.

Using Genetic Algorithm as Test Data Generator for Stored PL/SQL Program Units

PL/SQL is the most common language for ORACLE database application. It allows the developer to create stored program units (Procedures, Functions, and Packages) to improve software reusability and hide the complexity of the execution of a specific operation behind a name. Also, it acts as an interface between SQL database and DEVELOPER. Therefore, it is important to test these modules that consist of procedures and functions. In this paper, a new genetic algorithm (GA), as search technique, is used in order to find the required test data according to branch criteria to test stored PL/SQL program units. The experimental results show that this was not fully achieved, such that the test target in some branches is not reached and the coverage percentage is 98%. A problem rises when target branch is depending on data retrieved from tables;in this case, GA is not able to generate test cases for this branch.

Approach of Separately Applying Unit Testing to AspectJ Program

A unit testing approach for AspectJ programs is proposed to separately test aspect units which have their own states. In the approach, aspects under test are converted to classes before execution of unit testing. In the conversion process, the context information passed through pointcut is transformed into advices, then the advices are converted to class member methods, and conflicts in the conversion result, if any, are resolved finally. The unit testing process consists of generating test cases, executing test cases and checking results.

Empirical Analysis of Object-Oriented Design Metrics for Predicting Unit Testing Effort of Classes

In this paper, we investigate empirically the relationship between object-oriented design metrics and testability of classes. We address testability from the point of view of unit testing effort. We collected data from three open source Java software systems for which JUnit test cases exist. To capture the testing effort of classes, we used metrics to quantify the corresponding JUnit test cases. Classes were classified, according to the required unit testing effort, in two categories: high and low. In order to evaluate the relationship between object-oriented design metrics and unit testing effort of classes, we used logistic regression methods. We used the univariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate the individual effect of each metric on the unit testing effort of classes. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the combined effect of the metrics. The performance of the prediction models was evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis. The results indicate that: 1) complexity, size, cohesion and (to some extent) coupling were found significant predictors of the unit testing effort of classes and 2) multivariate regression models based on object-oriented design metrics are able to accurately predict the unit testing effort of classes.

Is There Hysteresis in Unemployment in OECD Countries？ Evidence From Panel Unit Root Test With Structural Breaks

This study tests the hysteresis hypothesis of unemployment in fifteen OECD countries by using panel unit root tests which allow for structural breaks. We apply annual unemployment rates covering 1985-2008 periods. We test whether unemployment rates are stationary by using second generation tests which allow cross section dependency among series and panel unit root test based on structural break advanced by Carrion-i-Silvestre, Barrio-Castro and Lopez-Bazo （2005）. We find series as a stationary process with structural breaks according to Carrion-i Silvestre et al. （2005） test, while we find series as unit root process with second generation panel unit root test. According to the Carrion-i Silvestre et al. （2005） test, we find the evidence of absence of hysteresis in analyzed countries. As a result, temporary shocks have temporary effects on unemployment instead of permanent effect. Structural factors can affect the natural rate of unemployment and, therefore, unemployment would be stationary around a process that is subject to structural breaks. So, there still exists a unique natural rate of unemployment to which the economy eventually will converge.

Unit 1 of Ling’ao Nuclear Power Plant phase II underwent hot functional test successfully

On February 25, the Unit 1 of Ling’ao Nuclear Power Plant phase II underwent a 41-day-long hot functional test successfully with its major systems satisfying the requirements for

Architecture and Methodology of Unit Testing Embedding Pair-Wise Mode for Small Team

In this paper, the new organization for unit testing embedding pair-wise mode is proposed with the core thought focused on the cooperation of programmer and tester by “cross-testing”. The typical content of unit testing for the new organizing mode should have three aspects, including self-checking, cross-testing and independent-testing. For cross-testing, executing “pair-wise” mode, mainly tackles data testing, function testing and state testing, which function testing must be done by details and state testing must be considered for completeness. With the specializing of independent-testing, it should be taken as more rigid testing without arbitrariness. Consequently, strategy and measure are addressed for data testing focusing on boundary testing and function/state testing. And organizing method of procedure and key points of tackling unit testing are investigated for the new organizing mode. In order to assess the validity of our study and approach, a series of actual examples are demonstrated for GUI software. The result indicates that the execution of unit testing for the new organizing mode is effective and applicable.

Obsidian: Pattern-Based Unit Test Implementations

There exist many automated unit test-generator tools for Java with the primary task of generating test cases, comprised of inputs and a corresponding oracle, each of which is explicitly paired with a specific supporting test implementation. The authors posit that this explicit pairing, or conflating, of test implementation with test case is unnecessary and counter-productive. The authors address this problem by separating the conflated concerns into two distinct tasks: 1) instantiating test implementations and 2) instantiating test cases. This paper focuses on automating the first task in support of the second with the goal of freeing the test engineer to concentrate on test case instantiation. The authors present a new open-source test-preparation tool Obsidian that produces robust, comprehensive, and maintainable unit test implementations. Obsidian, built on the JUnit framework, uses a set of context patterns and associated algorithms combined with information from the Java Reflection API to generate these unit test implementations from Java byte code. These context patterns guide Obsidian to prepare test implementations that guarantee compilation, support exception handling, enable multiple test cases when required, and provide a suitable location for assertions about the test case outcome(s). Obsidian supports regression testing and test-driven development through its novel audits of the testing process.

基于TestBed和Visual Studio对QT程序单元测试的研究与实现

针对测试工具TestBed无法动态执行QT程序单元测试用例的问题,文章通过介绍单元测试定义、测试原理以及TestBed工具的使用原理、并指出了TestBed工具对QT程序进行单元测试存在的问题,最终提出了一种结合TestBed和Visual Studio对QT程序进行单元测试的方法,并给出了方法的详细设计与实现步骤,为QT程序动态执行单元测试提供一种简单、便捷的实现方式。实际结果表明,结合TestBed与Visual Studio对QT程序的单元测试方法显著提高了单元测试的效率,减少了单元测试的成本。

基于Testbed的单元测试方法及实例分析

随着计算机技术的发展,软件的结构也越来越复杂,仅靠软件测试人员的人工统计分析已不能有效地对被测软件作出准确评价。文章基于Testbed详细描述了软件单元测试的方法,结合实例完成了测试用例设计、覆盖率分析以及回归测试等。结果表明,使用Testbed能显著降低软件缺陷,提升软件质量。

轮毂轴承单元摩擦力矩计算及动力学联合分析软件

为缩短轮毂轴承单元摩擦力矩及动力学分析计算时间,提高轮毂轴承单元设计开发效率,以第三代轮毂轴承单元为研究对象,采用MATLAB GUI软件平台开发了轮毂轴承单元摩擦力矩及动力学联合分析软件,可对轮毂轴承单元滚动摩擦力矩、滑动摩擦力矩、密封件摩擦力矩、因拖曳损失导致的摩擦力矩进行计算,还开发了与ADAMS软件的二次接口,能进一步对轮毂轴承单元的运转过程进行动力学分析,计算结果可在软件界面中直接输出。某轮毂轴承单元的启动摩擦力矩和运转摩擦力矩的试验结果表明,软件计算值与测量值误差较小,可满足工程应用需求;通过动力学分析优化设计的轮毂轴承单元通过了耐久性试验验证。

目标探测回波模拟单元可重构测试技术研究

现有空空导弹在柔性、可重构、快速响应等设计和研制方面与国际领先水平和军事需求相比还存在严重不足。其研发系统架构和生产研制架构形式已经无法满足未来的发展需求,特别是目标探测部件等核心关键组件。重点探索目标探测部件的新型可重构测试架构形式,通过模块化、标准化和通用化的模组组合,针对不同型号产品搭建快速验证平台,完成性能测试。提出了一种目标探测部件回波模拟单元的柔性可重构测试技术,通过对目标模拟单元的可重构设计,快速形成目标探测部件测试平台。

14台POCT血气分析仪与中心实验室检测结果的一致性分析

目的分析14台床旁检测(POCT)血气分析仪和中心实验室血气分析仪检测结果的一致性。方法采用中心实验室血气分析仪及14台POCT血气分析仪分别检测3个浓度水平质控品,每天检测2次,连续检测4 d,共24次,根据检测结果计算pH、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PCO_(2))、动脉血氧分压(PO_(2))、K^(+)、Na^(+)、Cl^(-)、Ca^(2+)的均值、标准差和变异系数等;计算14台POCT血气分析仪检测结果与中心实验室检测结果的偏倚及偏倚率;应用ANOVA检验、Passing-Bablok回归分析对14台POCT血气分析仪与中心实验室检测结果一致性进行分析评价。结果14台POCT血气分析仪各比对项目检测结果的变异系数均小于生产商声明的性能范围。14台POCT血气分析各比对项目的检测结果与中心实验室的偏倚均小于国家卫生健康委员会临床检验中心室间质量评价标准。14台POCT台血气分析各比对项目的检测结果比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。14台POCT血气分析仪检测结果与中心实验室pH值、PCO_(2)、PO_(2)、K^(+)、Na^(+)、Cl^(-)、Ca^(2+)检测结果模拟回归方程的截距和斜率均在95%置信区间,且P>0.05,与中心实验室检测结果具有高度的一致性。结论14台POCT血气分析仪具有良好的精密度,且14台POCT血气分析仪之间及与中心实验室间均具有较好的一致性。

湿陷性黄土地区碎石排水系统砂岩碎石遇水软化试验研究

为研究延安湿陷性黄土地区进行的平山造地工程碎石排水系统中砂岩的遇水软化特性及其对工程施工稳定性的影响,采用WDW-600微机控制电子万能机对现场所取砂岩岩样开展了岩石单轴压缩试验和圆盘劈裂试验,测定烘干状态、天然状态、浸水饱和状态三种不同含水量的砂岩的强度及软化特性,结果表明:该地区砂岩遇水后会发生较为明显的强度软化,其中岩石抗压强度软化程度稍大,烘干样、天然样和饱和样平均抗压强度分别为14.54MPa、10.58MPa和7.70MPa,软化系数为0.53;烘干样、天然样和饱和样平均抗拉强度分别为1.43MPa、1.30MPa和0.83MPa。试验增强了对延安湿陷性黄土地区砂岩遇水软化力学性能的认识,对岩石遇水软化后排水系统承载性能计算和稳定性分析具有参考价值。

气体封隔器密封单元的增强方法与安全分析

气体封隔器胶筒是实现气井分层分段开采的关键部件。常规三胶筒结构在坐封时易发生初始破坏,导致胶筒整体应力水平降低,密封安全性储备不足。为此,提出一种多材料组合式密封单元的增强方法,用于HPHT105-232-V0型含硫化氢高温高压气体封隔器密封单元的设计;基于拉伸试验和Yeoh理论获得橡胶的本构模型参数;在温度204℃、坐封力200 kN和环空压力70 MPa下,分析了胶筒的应力和变形规律;试验测试了增强单元的密封安全性。分析结果表明:HPHT105-232-V0型封隔器密封单元胶筒的最大变形量为94.785 mm,最大接触应力为240 MPa,位于金属护环与套管接触区域。根据API标准,对HPHT105-232-V0型封隔器实物进行测试试验,坐封时胶筒未发生初始破坏,密封单元的整体应力水平提高;稳压过程胶筒压降幅度小于1%;整个试验测试过程中,密封单元无气泡溢出,封隔器卸载后胶筒结构无明显的塑性变形。研究结果表明,采用该增强方法所设计的多材料组合式密封单元具有良好的密封性能,满足极端环境下的密封安全性要求。