Natural regeneration is the basis of a dynamic and demographic balance of plant populations. The objective of this study was to assess the natural regeneration potential of woody species along secondary roads post-log...Natural regeneration is the basis of a dynamic and demographic balance of plant populations. The objective of this study was to assess the natural regeneration potential of woody species along secondary roads post-logging abandoned since 2008 and 2018. In the two Annual Allowable Cuts (AAC 2008 and AAC 2018), 24 regenerating sub-plots (i.e. 12 sub-plots for AAC 2008 and 12 sub-plots for AAC 2018) with a unit area of 5 m × 5 m were delimited with a total area of 0.06 ha (i.e. 0.03 ha for each AAC). The abundance and diversity of woody species were respectively inventoried and estimated. Two estimators of the specific richness were used to estimate the floristic diversity of each Annual Allowable Cuts (AAC). The results reveal globally 88 woody species in the AAC 2008 and 241 woody species in the AAC 2018, with respective average densities of 2933 stem/ha and 8033 stem/ha. There was a very highly significant difference between the mean densities of the two AAC (Kruskal-Wallis test;H = 2.36, p-value < 0.000). The results also highlight a great diversity and a relatively high abundance of woody species in the 2018 AAC compared to the 2008 AAC. Also, the spatial structuring of the sub-plots on the basis of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) demonstrates that the floristic composition of the two AAC is globally different. The study suggests silvicultural interventions and the long-term assessment of regenerating woody species along abandoned secondary roads in order to guarantee the sustainable management of their population.展开更多
Management practices are one of the most important factors affecting forest structure and function.Landowners in southern United States manage forests using appropriately sized areas,to meet management objectives that...Management practices are one of the most important factors affecting forest structure and function.Landowners in southern United States manage forests using appropriately sized areas,to meet management objectives that include economic return,sustainability,and esthetic enjoyment.Road networks spatially designate the socioenvironmental elements for the forests,which represented and aggregated as forest management units.Road networks are widely used for managing forests by setting logging roads and firebreaks.We propose that common types of forest management are practiced in road-delineated units that can be determined by remote sensing satellite imagery coupled with crowd-sourced road network datasets.Satellite sensors do not always capture roadcaused canopy openings,so it is difficult to delineate ecologically relevant units based only on satellite data.By integrating citizen-based road networks with the National Land Cover Database,we mapped road-delineated management units across the regional landscape and analyzed the size frequency distribution of management units.We found the road-delineated units smaller than 0.5 ha comprised 64%of the number of units,but only0.98%of the total forest area.We also applied a statistical similarity test(Warren's Index)to access the equivalency of road-delineated units with forest disturbances by simulating a serious of neutral landscapes.The outputs showed that the whole southeastern U.S.has the probability of road-delineated unit of 0.44 and production forests overlapped significantly with disturbance areas with an average probability of 0.50.展开更多
Loggerheads are distributed by ten Regional Management Units (RMUs) worldwide. The Atlantic Ocean houses three of these: the Northwest, Southwest and Northeast RMUs. The most studied is, so far, the Northwest RMU, but...Loggerheads are distributed by ten Regional Management Units (RMUs) worldwide. The Atlantic Ocean houses three of these: the Northwest, Southwest and Northeast RMUs. The most studied is, so far, the Northwest RMU, but the other two have focused attention of researchers. In contrast, marine turtles from the African Atlantic region (Southeast) belong to a complex but little-known region. What is their role in the Atlantic? Are these RMUs connected? To understand these questions, research was made of reports and publications concerning the Northeast Atlantic (NEA) RMU. The asymmetry in information and available knowledge about NEA is high when compared to other RMUs. This demonstrates that there is still a lack of conservation programs besides Cape Verde, and that there is difficulty in transforming data (nesting ecology, molecular, telemetry, etc.) into publications. However, this issue is evident for other marine turtle species of East African Atlantic. There is a need for better scientific support, to enable local conservation programs to deliver data in reports, and even scientific publications. There are so many aspects of loggerhead’s life cycle that will only be unravelled by more and better supported studies. This is a paper that, by analysing the available information of the NEA loggerhead RMU, reflects the following steps to address in loggerhead conservation for the African Atlantic coast.展开更多
With the continuous advancement of China's urbanization process,the demand for construction projects is increasing,which is both an opportunity and a challenge for construction companies.If the enterprises themsel...With the continuous advancement of China's urbanization process,the demand for construction projects is increasing,which is both an opportunity and a challenge for construction companies.If the enterprises themselves can grasp the background and policy conditions to maintain a high level of construction engineering,then its enterprise benefits and future development prospects will be excellent.However,there are also many companies whose own reputation and actual benefits have been affected for poor engineering quality caused by poor construction management.This is exactly what we must pay attention to.This article will analyse and explore the relevant work to improve the engineering quality of different phases of engineering construction and to guide the management of the construction unit in the future from the perspective of the construction unit to strengthen the project quality supervision.展开更多
The United Nations International Conference on Space-based Technologies for Disaster Management, "Risk Assessment in the Context of Global Climate Change", was held in Beijing during November 7-9, 2012. The ...The United Nations International Conference on Space-based Technologies for Disaster Management, "Risk Assessment in the Context of Global Climate Change", was held in Beijing during November 7-9, 2012. The conference was co-organized by the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) and the Ministry of Civil affairs (MCA) of the People's Republic of China, in collaboration with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of PRC, China National Space Administration (CNSA),展开更多
Dilution and attenuation factor (DAF) has a major influence on soil-to-groundwater screening level calculation for protection of contaminant migration from soil into groundwater at solid waste management units (SWMUs)...Dilution and attenuation factor (DAF) has a major influence on soil-to-groundwater screening level calculation for protection of contaminant migration from soil into groundwater at solid waste management units (SWMUs). Risk assessment guidance prepared by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for site investigation and remediation suggests a default DAF of 20. If the base assumptions included in the default DAF are recognized to be not representative of site conditions at a SWMU, calculation of site-specific DAF is recommended when sufficient data are collected to justify using a different DAF value for development of soil screening levels. Commonly used methods of calculating DAF include analytical and numerical simulations that often require too many parameters to be obtained in practice. This paper proposes a probability method to develop site-specific DAF. The approach uses data that are readily available through field reconnaissance and site-specific investigation. A case study is presented in which the probability method was applied to an actual SWMU, and the calculated DAF is compared with that calculated from a dilution method. The probability-based DAF is 67 at 90% probability percentile, which is comparable to the dilution-based DAF of 76. Based on the calculated site-specific DAFs, SSLs could be developed for the contaminants of potential concern and used for evaluation of migration pathways from a contamination source through soil to groundwater. .展开更多
Currently more attention has been paid to sustainable forest management (SFM) all over the world. The paper gives the presentation of criteria and indicators (C & I) for SFM at international, national, regional an...Currently more attention has been paid to sustainable forest management (SFM) all over the world. The paper gives the presentation of criteria and indicators (C & I) for SFM at international, national, regional and management unit levels. Under the international framework, the paper summarizes the developing situation of C & I for SFM in China and gives the suggestion on how to promote its development.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Delirium is a significant independent indicator of poor prognoses for critically ill patients (including in-hospital mortality, prolonged hospitalization, increased medical costs, and long-term cognitive...INTRODUCTION Delirium is a significant independent indicator of poor prognoses for critically ill patients (including in-hospital mortality, prolonged hospitalization, increased medical costs, and long-term cognitive impairment). Intensive care medicine experts have been paying attention to and carried out research on delirium for better prediction, prevention, management, and treatment, and even better prognosis of patients in critical condition. Based on the latest findings of theoretical research and in combination with clinical experience, literature on delirium has been reviewed and ten points of basic understanding of delirium in critically ill patients have been identified.展开更多
We propose a bandgap reference, which works in sub-threshold regions to the reduce power consumption in applications such as those in energy harvesting systems that stimulate the development of power management for lo...We propose a bandgap reference, which works in sub-threshold regions to the reduce power consumption in applications such as those in energy harvesting systems that stimulate the development of power management for low power consumption applications.Measurements shows that the supply current of the proposed bandgap reference is only 6.87 μA, including a voltage buffer consuming 3.6 μA of supply current, when the supply voltage is 5 V.The supply voltage can vary from 3 to 11 V and the line regulation of the proposed bandgap reference output voltage is 0.875 mV/V at room temperature.The temperature coefficiency is 88.9 ppm from 10 to 100° C when the supply voltage is 5 V.展开更多
文摘Natural regeneration is the basis of a dynamic and demographic balance of plant populations. The objective of this study was to assess the natural regeneration potential of woody species along secondary roads post-logging abandoned since 2008 and 2018. In the two Annual Allowable Cuts (AAC 2008 and AAC 2018), 24 regenerating sub-plots (i.e. 12 sub-plots for AAC 2008 and 12 sub-plots for AAC 2018) with a unit area of 5 m × 5 m were delimited with a total area of 0.06 ha (i.e. 0.03 ha for each AAC). The abundance and diversity of woody species were respectively inventoried and estimated. Two estimators of the specific richness were used to estimate the floristic diversity of each Annual Allowable Cuts (AAC). The results reveal globally 88 woody species in the AAC 2008 and 241 woody species in the AAC 2018, with respective average densities of 2933 stem/ha and 8033 stem/ha. There was a very highly significant difference between the mean densities of the two AAC (Kruskal-Wallis test;H = 2.36, p-value < 0.000). The results also highlight a great diversity and a relatively high abundance of woody species in the 2018 AAC compared to the 2008 AAC. Also, the spatial structuring of the sub-plots on the basis of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) demonstrates that the floristic composition of the two AAC is globally different. The study suggests silvicultural interventions and the long-term assessment of regenerating woody species along abandoned secondary roads in order to guarantee the sustainable management of their population.
基金funding from the Macrosystems Biology Program Grant EF#1241860 from United States National Science Foundation(NSF)。
文摘Management practices are one of the most important factors affecting forest structure and function.Landowners in southern United States manage forests using appropriately sized areas,to meet management objectives that include economic return,sustainability,and esthetic enjoyment.Road networks spatially designate the socioenvironmental elements for the forests,which represented and aggregated as forest management units.Road networks are widely used for managing forests by setting logging roads and firebreaks.We propose that common types of forest management are practiced in road-delineated units that can be determined by remote sensing satellite imagery coupled with crowd-sourced road network datasets.Satellite sensors do not always capture roadcaused canopy openings,so it is difficult to delineate ecologically relevant units based only on satellite data.By integrating citizen-based road networks with the National Land Cover Database,we mapped road-delineated management units across the regional landscape and analyzed the size frequency distribution of management units.We found the road-delineated units smaller than 0.5 ha comprised 64%of the number of units,but only0.98%of the total forest area.We also applied a statistical similarity test(Warren's Index)to access the equivalency of road-delineated units with forest disturbances by simulating a serious of neutral landscapes.The outputs showed that the whole southeastern U.S.has the probability of road-delineated unit of 0.44 and production forests overlapped significantly with disturbance areas with an average probability of 0.50.
文摘Loggerheads are distributed by ten Regional Management Units (RMUs) worldwide. The Atlantic Ocean houses three of these: the Northwest, Southwest and Northeast RMUs. The most studied is, so far, the Northwest RMU, but the other two have focused attention of researchers. In contrast, marine turtles from the African Atlantic region (Southeast) belong to a complex but little-known region. What is their role in the Atlantic? Are these RMUs connected? To understand these questions, research was made of reports and publications concerning the Northeast Atlantic (NEA) RMU. The asymmetry in information and available knowledge about NEA is high when compared to other RMUs. This demonstrates that there is still a lack of conservation programs besides Cape Verde, and that there is difficulty in transforming data (nesting ecology, molecular, telemetry, etc.) into publications. However, this issue is evident for other marine turtle species of East African Atlantic. There is a need for better scientific support, to enable local conservation programs to deliver data in reports, and even scientific publications. There are so many aspects of loggerhead’s life cycle that will only be unravelled by more and better supported studies. This is a paper that, by analysing the available information of the NEA loggerhead RMU, reflects the following steps to address in loggerhead conservation for the African Atlantic coast.
文摘With the continuous advancement of China's urbanization process,the demand for construction projects is increasing,which is both an opportunity and a challenge for construction companies.If the enterprises themselves can grasp the background and policy conditions to maintain a high level of construction engineering,then its enterprise benefits and future development prospects will be excellent.However,there are also many companies whose own reputation and actual benefits have been affected for poor engineering quality caused by poor construction management.This is exactly what we must pay attention to.This article will analyse and explore the relevant work to improve the engineering quality of different phases of engineering construction and to guide the management of the construction unit in the future from the perspective of the construction unit to strengthen the project quality supervision.
文摘The United Nations International Conference on Space-based Technologies for Disaster Management, "Risk Assessment in the Context of Global Climate Change", was held in Beijing during November 7-9, 2012. The conference was co-organized by the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) and the Ministry of Civil affairs (MCA) of the People's Republic of China, in collaboration with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of PRC, China National Space Administration (CNSA),
文摘Dilution and attenuation factor (DAF) has a major influence on soil-to-groundwater screening level calculation for protection of contaminant migration from soil into groundwater at solid waste management units (SWMUs). Risk assessment guidance prepared by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for site investigation and remediation suggests a default DAF of 20. If the base assumptions included in the default DAF are recognized to be not representative of site conditions at a SWMU, calculation of site-specific DAF is recommended when sufficient data are collected to justify using a different DAF value for development of soil screening levels. Commonly used methods of calculating DAF include analytical and numerical simulations that often require too many parameters to be obtained in practice. This paper proposes a probability method to develop site-specific DAF. The approach uses data that are readily available through field reconnaissance and site-specific investigation. A case study is presented in which the probability method was applied to an actual SWMU, and the calculated DAF is compared with that calculated from a dilution method. The probability-based DAF is 67 at 90% probability percentile, which is comparable to the dilution-based DAF of 76. Based on the calculated site-specific DAFs, SSLs could be developed for the contaminants of potential concern and used for evaluation of migration pathways from a contamination source through soil to groundwater. .
文摘Currently more attention has been paid to sustainable forest management (SFM) all over the world. The paper gives the presentation of criteria and indicators (C & I) for SFM at international, national, regional and management unit levels. Under the international framework, the paper summarizes the developing situation of C & I for SFM in China and gives the suggestion on how to promote its development.
文摘INTRODUCTION Delirium is a significant independent indicator of poor prognoses for critically ill patients (including in-hospital mortality, prolonged hospitalization, increased medical costs, and long-term cognitive impairment). Intensive care medicine experts have been paying attention to and carried out research on delirium for better prediction, prevention, management, and treatment, and even better prognosis of patients in critical condition. Based on the latest findings of theoretical research and in combination with clinical experience, literature on delirium has been reviewed and ten points of basic understanding of delirium in critically ill patients have been identified.
基金supported by the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China(No.2005CB724302)
文摘We propose a bandgap reference, which works in sub-threshold regions to the reduce power consumption in applications such as those in energy harvesting systems that stimulate the development of power management for low power consumption applications.Measurements shows that the supply current of the proposed bandgap reference is only 6.87 μA, including a voltage buffer consuming 3.6 μA of supply current, when the supply voltage is 5 V.The supply voltage can vary from 3 to 11 V and the line regulation of the proposed bandgap reference output voltage is 0.875 mV/V at room temperature.The temperature coefficiency is 88.9 ppm from 10 to 100° C when the supply voltage is 5 V.