A new representation and probabilistic teleportation of an arbitrary and unknown N-particle state

A new representation of an arbitrary and unknown N-particle state is presented at first. As an application, a scheme for teleporting an arbitrary and unknown N-particle state is proposed when N pairs of two-particle non- maximally entangled states are utilized as quantum channels. After Alice （sender） makes Bell-state measurement on her particles, Bob （recipient） introduces an auxiliary particle and carries out appropriate unitary transformation on his particle and the auxiliary particle depending on classical information from Alice. Then, von Neumann measurement that confirms whether the teleportation succeeds or not is performed by Bob on the auxiliary particle. In order to complete the teleportation, another N-1 times operations need to be performed which are similar to the above ones. It can be successfully realized with a certain probability which is determined by the product of the smaller coefficients of non-maximally entangled pairs. All possible unitary transformations are given in detail.

Observability and estimability of passive radar with unknown illuminator states using different observations

Most existing studies about passive radar systems are based on the already known illuminator of opportunity(IO)states.However,in practice,the receiver generally has little knowledge about the IO states.Little research has studied this problem.This paper analyzes the observability and estimability for passive radar systems with unknown IO states under three typical scenarios.Besides,the directions of high and low estimability with respect to various states are given.Moreover,two types of observations are taken into account.The effects of different observations on both observability and estimability are well analyzed.For the observability test,linear and nonlinear methods are considered,which proves that both tests are applicable to the system.Numerical simulations confirm the correctness of the theoretical analysis.

A Method for Transferring an Unknown Quantum State and Its Application

We suggest a method for transferring an unknown quantum state. In this method the sender Alice first applies a controlled-not operation on the particle in the unknown quantum state and an ancillary particle which she wants to send to the receiver Bob. Then she sends the ancillary particle to Bob. When Alice is informed by Bob that the ancillary particle is received, she performs a local measurement on her particle and sends Bob the outcome of the local measurement via a classical channel. Depending on the outcome Bob can restore the unknown quantum state, which Alice destroyed, on the ancillary particle successfully. As an application of this method we propose a quantum secure direct communication protocol. By introducing the decoy qubits the security of the scheme is guaranteed.

Scheme for Concentration of Unknown Photonic GHZ Entangled States via Linear Optical Elements

We propose two schemes to concentrate unknown nonmaximally tripartite GHZ entangled states via linear optical elements. The finial maximally entangled states obtained from our schemes are shared by two or three parties. Our schemes only need polarizing beam splitters and single-photon detectors. In addition, the schemes can be demonstrated within current experimental technology.

Scheme for concentration of the unknown GHZ entangled states

We propose two schemes for concentrating unknown nonmaximally tripartite GHZ entangled states via cavity quantum electrodynamics （QED） techniques. The finial pure states obtained from the two schemes are shared by two or three parties. Our schemes only require large-detuned interaction between two driven atoms and the quantized cavity mode, which is insensitive to both the cavity decay and thermal field, thus the schemes are well within current experimental technology.

Teleportation of Unknown Atomic Entangled States Using GHZ Class States

We propose two physical schemes, which can teleport unknown atomic entangled states from user A （Alice） to user B （Bob） via GHZ class states as quantum channel The two schemes are both based on cavity QED techniques. In the two schemes, teleportation and distillation procedures can be realized simultaneously. The second teleportation scheme is more advantageous than the first one.

A State Estimation Method for Sound Environment System with Unknown Observation Mechanism by Introducing Fuzzy Inference

The observed phenomena in real sound environment system often contain uncertainty such as the additional external noise with unknown statistics. Furthermore, there is complex nonlinear relationship between the specific signal and the observations, and it cannot be exactly expressed in any definite functional form. In these situations, it is one of reasonable analysis methods to treat the objective sound environment system as a fuzzy system. In this study, a state estimation method for a specific signal under the existence of an unknown observation mechanism and external noise of unknown statistics is proposed by introducing fuzzy inference. The effectiveness of the proposed theoretical method is experimentally confirmed by applying it to the actually observed data in the sound environment.

控制方向未知的受限多智能体系统的预设时间模糊控制

综合考虑受控制方向未知、输入受限和状态时延影响的有领导者多智能体系统的编队控制问题,设计基于模糊逻辑系统的预设时间一致性控制策略.为了保证编队输出误差在预设时间内满足预定的约束范围要求,引入预设时间性能函数,构造Lyapunov-Krasovskii(L-K)泛函解决状态时延问题,将外界干扰和L-K泛函的导数中的部分项定义为未知非线性函数,并利用模糊逻辑系统对其进行估计,利用Nussbaum函数和均值定理分别处理控制方向未知和输入受限问题,基于以上设计,提出预设时间模糊控制策略,并通过Lyapunov稳定性理论,分析闭环系统的有界稳定性,数值对比仿真和两级化学反应器应用仿真说明控制方法的有效性.

含未知输入非线性系统的扩展平方根容积卡尔曼滤波算法

针对工程实际应用中存在的未知输入会导致经典的非线性滤波器状态估计精度下降甚至滤波发散的问题,提出了一种基于最小方差无偏估计(minimum variance unbiased estimation,MVUE)准则的扩展平方根容积卡尔曼滤波(extended square-root cubature Kalman filter,ESRCKF)算法。首先,结合上一时刻未知输入估计值对状态一步预测值进行修正,得到含未知输入条件下的状态预测值。其次,设计新息并采用加权最小二乘(weighted least squares,WLS)法获取当前时刻未知输入的无偏估计。最后,通过最小化协方差矩阵的迹,同时采用拉格朗日乘子法和舒尔补引理得到系统状态的最小方差无偏估计。仿真结果表明,相比于现有的非线性滤波算法,ESRCKF算法提高了在处理含未知输入非线性系统时的状态估计精度,并能同时实现系统状态和未知输入的最优估计,验证了该算法的有效性。

压力脉冲测试系统滑模抗干扰控制方法

针对压力脉冲测试系统运用滑模控制在体积切换时抖振突出的问题,提出一种滑模抗干扰控制方法。采用奇异值摄动理论对压力脉冲测试系统进行降阶简化,方便控制器的设计以及应用。根据系统降阶模型,构建扩张状态观测器,用于估计系统中的不确定参数和工件体积切换等未知干扰,并将估计的干扰值作为前馈信号补偿给滑模控制器,从而减小干扰不确定上界,减小切换增益来达到抑制抖振的目的。通过选择合适的Lyapunov函数对所提控制方法的稳定性进行了推导证明,使用AMESim、Matlab/Simulink构建的联合仿真平台进行仿真分析,并通过压力脉冲测试台进行了实验验证。研究结果表明:在整体跟踪性能方向,传统滑模控制方法相较于PID方法提升了21.10%,而所提控制方法相较于PID方法提升了30.86%,所提控制方法可以有效估计与补偿未知干扰,实现更小切换增益的同时保持控制精度,在工件体积切换时有效抑制了滑模抖振,提高了系统的抗干扰能力。

Secure state estimation for cyber-physical systems with unknown input sliding mode observer

In recent years, cyber attacks have posed great challenges to the development of cyber-physical systems. It is of great significance to study secure state estimation methods to ensure the safe and stable operation of the system. This paper proposes a secure state estimation for multi-input and multi-output continuous-time linear cyber-physical systems with sparse actuator and sensor attacks. First, for sparse sensor attacks, we propose an adaptive switching mechanism to mitigate the impact of sparse sensor attacks by filtering out their attack modes. Second, an unknown input sliding mode observer is designed to not only observe the system states, sensor attack signals, and measurement noise present in the system but also counteract the effects of sparse actuator attacks through an unknown input matrix. Finally, for the design of an unknown input sliding mode state observer, the feasibility of the observing system is demonstrated by means of Lyapunov functions. Additionally, simulation experiments are conducted to show the effectiveness of this method.

具有未知协方差噪声的随机非线性系统的固定时间控制

该文针对具有协方差噪声的随机非线性系统研究其固定时间控制问题,旨在使其更快地收敛至平衡状态。首先,该文给出了一个关于期望收敛时间上界估计的重要推论,该推论能够得到期望收敛时间的最小上界。然后,通过定义自适应参数补偿未知协方差噪声,将加幂积分技术、自适应控制和反步设计方法相结合,构造了一个状态反馈控制器。根据相关固定时间稳定性定理和推论,验证了所设计的控制器可以使闭环系统依概率固定时间稳定。最后,利用一个实际系统仿真来说明所设计控制策略的有效性。

未知不匹配互联系统的非对称输入约束分散控制器设计

基于自适应动态规划算法研究了具有未知不匹配互联和非对称输入约束的连续时间非线性系统分散控制问题.首先,根据孤立子系统的局部状态和耦合子系统的参考状态,采用径向基函数神经网络近似未知互连项,从而消除了互联项满足匹配条件且存在上界的常见假设.然后,基于自适应评判框架,将分散最优控制器设计问题转化为一系列子系统非对称约束下局部最优控制器设计问题.利用Lyapunov稳定性定理,证明了不对称输入约束控制器能够迅速地镇定大规模分散系统.其中,引入状态观测器估计大规模非线性互联子系统状态并保证了观测误差满足一致最终有界.另外,利用评判神经网络近似改进后的代价函数,以近似求解Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman方程,获得满足非对称输入约束的最优分散控制策略.基于评判网络权值更新规则,通过选择合适的Lyapunov函数保证了权值近似误差满足一致最终有界.最后,通过仿真实例验证了该算法的有效性,并通过与未改进代价函数的传统方法对比,体现了该方法的先进性.

具有未知增长率的一类上三角非线性多智能体系统的协同控制

基于有向领导者-追随者型的网络拓扑结构,研究了一类具有未知增长率的上三角非线性多智能体系统的协同控制问题。首先,通过引入坐标变换,将原系统转换为带有时间增益的等效系统;其次,针对标称系统进行控制器设计,获得原系统的分布式时变状态反馈控制器。所设计的控制器能够保证追随者与领导者的输出跟踪误差有界,且闭环系统所有信号有界。最后,利用仿真实例验证了控制方案的有效性。

Teleportation of Entangled States through Divorce of Entangled Pair Mediated by a Weak Coherent Field in a High-Q Cavity

We propose a scheme to partially teleport an unknown entangled atomic state. A high-Q cavity, supporting one mode of a weak coherent state, is needed to accomplish this process. By partial teleportation we mean that teleportation will occur by changing one of the partners of the entangled state to be teleported. The entangled state to be teleported is composed by one pair of particles, we called this surprising characteristic of maintaining the entanglement, even when one of the particle of the entangled pair being teleported is changed, of divorce of entangled states.

Soft Sensor for Inputs and Parameters Using Nonlinear Singular State Observer in Chemical Processes

Chemical processes are usually nonlinear singular systems.In this study,a soft sensor using nonlinear singular state observer is established for unknown inputs and uncertain model parameters in chemical processes,which are augmented as state variables.Based on the observability of the singular system,this paper presents a simplified observability criterion under certain conditions for unknown inputs and uncertain model parameters.When the observability is satisfied,the unknown inputs and the uncertain model parameters are estimated online by the soft sensor using augmented nonlinear singular state observer.The riser reactor of fluid catalytic cracking unit is used as an example for analysis and simulation.With the catalyst circulation rate as the only unknown input without model error,one temperature sensor at the riser reactor outlet will ensure the correct estimation for the catalyst circulation rate.However,when uncertain model parameters also exist,additional temperature sensors must be used to ensure correct estimation for unknown inputs and uncertain model parameters of chemical processes.

Scheme for Teleportation of Four-Level Atomic States in Thermal Cavities

We propose a scheme for teleportation of four-level atomic states in thermal cavities. The scheme does not involve the generalized Bell-state or generalized GHZ-state measurement, which is difficult in practice. Another feature of the scheme is that it does not require individual addressing of atoms in cavity and is insensitive to both cavity decay and thermal field, which is of importance in point of experiment.

Dynamic Positioning System Design for A Marine Vessel with Unknown Dynamics Subject to External Disturbances Including Wave Effect

In this paper, a new control system is proposed for dynamic positioning(DP) of marine vessels with unknown dynamics and subject to external disturbances. The control system is composed of a substructure for wave filtering and state estimation together with a nonlinear PD-type controller. For wave filtering and state estimation, a cascade combination of a modified notch filter and an estimation stage is considered. In estimation stage, a modified extended-state observer(ESO) is proposed to estimate vessel velocities and unknown dynamics. The main advantage of the proposed method is its robustness to model uncertainties and external disturbances and it does not require prior knowledge of vessel model parameters. Besides, the stability of the cascade structure is analyzed and input to state stability(ISS) is guaranteed. Later on, a nonlinear PD-type controller with feedforward of filtered estimated dynamics is utilized. Detailed stability analyses are presented for the closed-loop DP control system and global uniform ultimate boundedness is proved using large scale systems method. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method for wave filtering and state estimation and comparisons are made with two conventional methods in terms of estimation accuracy and the presence of uncertainties. Besides, comparisons are made in closed-loop control system to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method compared with conventional methods. The proposed control system results in better performance in the presence of uncertainties,external disturbance and even in transients when the vessel is subjected to sudden changes in environmental disturbances.

Unknowability of Quantum State forbids perfectly quantum operations

We analyze the connection between quantum operations and accessible information. And we find that the accessible information decreases under quantum operations. We show that it is impossible to perfectly manipulate an unknown state in an open quantum system. That the accessible information decreases under quantum operations gives a fundamental limitation in the microscopic world.

有色量测噪声下带广义未知扰动的递推上限滤波

针对博弈对抗环境下利用快速采样雷达进行非合作目标跟踪带来的有色噪声和未知干扰共存问题,本文提出有色量测噪声下带广义未知扰动的随机动态系统递推上限滤波.这里,有色量测噪声用于描述由于快速采样或持续干扰带来的噪声相关性,广义未知扰动用于建模博弈对抗对雷达观测带来的异常影响(先验信息缺失).针对所考虑系统,通过参数优化实现状态估计误差协方差上限(而不是理论值)的在线递推,提出有色噪声下上限滤波(CUBF),给出状态估计误差协方差最小上限的近似实现,讨论了所提CUBF的存在性条件.在具有时变未知扰动和有色量测噪声的目标跟踪仿真中验证了所提方法的有效性.