Effects of systematic cardiac rehabilitation training in elderly patients with unstable angina following cardiac stent implantation

BACKGROUND Coronary stent implantation is usually used to treat unstable angina to alleviate stenosis or occlusion,promoting blood flow restoration and alleviating symptoms such as myocardial ischemia.And postoperative cardiac rehabilitation is essential for enhancing recovery and prognosis.Nevertheless,conventional rehabilitation lacks specificity,particularly for elderly patients with multiple comorbidities and poor compliance,rendering it less effective.AIM To investigate the effects of systematic cardiac rehabilitation training in elderly patients with unstable angina following coronary stenting intervention.METHODS A retrospective enrollment was conducted comprising fifty-four elderly patients with unstable angina pectoris who underwent systematic cardiac rehabilitation training after receiving coronary intervention as the rehabilitation group,while fifty-three elderly patients who received basic nursing and rehabilitation guidance measures after coronary intervention were assigned to the control group.Differences in Seattle Angina Questionnaire scores,survival quality(SF-36)scores,cardiopulmonary exercise function assessment index,echocardiographic cardiac function index,and adverse cardiovascular events were compared between the two groups.RESULTS After intervention,the rehabilitation group observed greater VO2 Max,maximum metabolic equivalent,eft ventricular ejection fraction,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and smaller left ventricular end-systolic diameter.And the rehabilitation group observed greater scores of physical activity limitation,stable angina pectoris,treatment satisfaction,and SF-36 score.The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in the two groups,showed no significant difference.CONCLUSION Systematic cardiac rehabilitation following coronary stenting in elderly patients with unstable angina pectoris can enhance cardiac function recovery,consequently enhancing both quality of life and cardiopulmonary exercise tolerance.

Left atrial area index predicts adverse cardiovascular events in patients with unstable angina pectoris

Background The left atrial size has been considered as a useful marker of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, it is not well known whether left atrial area index （LAAI） has predictive value for prognosis in patients with unstable angina pectoris （UAP）. This study was aimed to assess the association between LAAI and outcomes in UAP patients. Methods We enrolled a total of 391 in-hospital patients diag- nosed as UAP. Clinical and echocardiographic data at baseline were collected. The patients were followed for the development of ad- verse cardiovascular （CV） events, including hospital readmission for angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction （AMI）, congestive heart failure （CHF）, stroke and all-cause mortality. Results During a mean follow-up time of 26.3±8.6 months, 98 adverse CV events occurred （84 hospital readmission for angina pectoris, four AMI, four CHF, one stroke and five all-cause mortality）. In a multivariate Cox model, LAAI [OR： 1.140, 95% CI： 1.01±1.279, P = 0.026], diastolic blood pressure （OR： 0.976, 95% CI： 0.956-0.996, P = 0.020） and pulse pressure （OR 1.020, 95% CI： 1.007-1.034, P = 0.004） were independent predictors for adverse CV events in UAP patients. Conclusions LAAI is a predictor of adverse CV events independent of clinical and other echocardiographic parameters in UAP patients.

Effects of Ginkgo Leaf Extract on Function of Dendritic Cells and Th1/Th2 Cytokines in Patients with Unstable Angina Pectoris

Objective： To investigate the effects of Ginkgo leaf extract （GLE） on function of dendritic cells （DO） and Th1/Th2 cytokines in patients with unstable angina pectoris（UAP）. Methods： Fifty-four patients with UAP were equally assigned into two groups, the treated group and the control group, both treated with conventional Western medicine, but with GLE given additionally to the treated group. Blood of all patients was taken before and 4 weeks after treatment to prepare the peripheral mononuclear cells, then which were incubated in the completed medium containing granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulatory factor （GMCSF） and interleukin-4 （IL-4） to induce mature DO. The expression of co-stimulating factor CD86 （B7-2） on the surface of DC was detected by flow cytometry, and the stimulating capacity of DC was determined by mixed lymphocyte reaction （MLR）. The blood levels of cytokines, interferon-γ （IFN-γ）, and IL-4, were analyzed by ELISA, and blood C-reactive protein （CRP） level by turbidimetry. Moreover, the direct effect of Ginkgolide B on CD86 expression on DO were also tested in vitro. Results： After treatment, CD86 expression on DO, the stimulating capacity of DO as well as levels of IFN-γ and ORP were lowered in both groups （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, but the changes were much more significant in the treated group than those in the control group. Ginkgolide B showed a direct inhibitory effect on the CD86 expression on DO. Conclusion： The inhibition of GLE on DO and thereby the suppression on inflammatory reaction may be one of the mechanisms of GLE in treating patients with UAP.

Comparative Study on the Effects of Small Dose of Aspirin Combined with Ginkgo-damole Injection(银杏达莫注射液) and the Effects of Conventional Dose of Aspirin in Treating Senile Unstable Angina Pectoris

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic and adverse effect of small dose of aspirin (Asp) combined with Ginkgo-damole injection (GDI,银杏达莫注射液) in treating senile unstable angina pectoris (UA). Methods: One hundred and twenty old in-patients of coronary heart disease with UA were randomly divided into two groups. The 60 patients in the treated group were treated with oral administration of enteric soluble 50 mg Asp once a day and GDI 20 ml per day by intravenous dripping, with 14 days as one therapeutic course, while the other 60 in the control group were treated with enteric soluble Asp 100 mg alone once a day orally. Besides, isosorbide-5-mononitrate 20 mg twice a day was applied to both groups, and the β-ad-renoceptor blocker, blood lipids regulatory agents and nitroglycerin (10 mg by intravenous dripping) were given accordingly. The angina total improving rate, hemorrheologic indexes (whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, fibrinogen, platelet aggregation rate), comprehensive clinical terminal event and the total occurrence rate of adverse reaction in the two groups were observed. Results: After treatment, comparison between the two groups showed insignificant difference in aspects of angina total improving rate (75.00% vs 65.00%), hemorrheological indexes and comprehensive clinical terminal event rate (25.00% vs 31.67%), P>0.05, and the hemorrheological indexes were improved in both groups (P<0.05), but the total occurrence rate of adverse reaction in the treated group was lower than that in the control group (6. 67% vs 25.00%), showing significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion: In treatment of senile UA, small dose of Asp combined with GDI showed therapeutic effect similar to that of conventional dose of Asp, but it has lower adverse reaction.

EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON THE FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY INPATIENTS WITH UNSTABLE ANGINA PECTORIS

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fibrinolytic response to exercise in patients with unstable angina pectoris(UAP) compared with an age - matched control group. Methods We measuredtissure- type plasminogen activator (t- PA) activity and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1(PAI- 1) activitybefore and after treadmill exercise test in 20 healthy subjects and 25 patients with UAP. ResultsResting t - PA activities were similar between two groups, but resting PAI- 1 activity was higher in UAP groupthan in control. Although both groups showed significant increase in t- PA activity with exercise, post - exerciset - PA activity was significantly lower in patients with UAP than in control (0.96± 0.45IU/ml vs 1.89± 0.68I U/ml,P<0.01), Post - exercise PAI- 1 activity was still much higher in UAP group than in control (8.20±2.28A U/ml vs4.21± 0.68A U/ml, P<0.01). Conclusion There existed impaired fibrinolysis in patients with UAP not only at restbut also alter exercise loading.

Effect of Chinese Herbs for Activating Blood Circulation,Removing Stasis and Supplementing Qi on the Circulating Endothelial Cells in Patients with Unstable Angina Pectoris

Objective: To observe the effect and clinical significance of circulating endothelial cells (CEC) in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease with unstable angina pectoris (CHD-UAP), and to explore the protective effect of Chinese herbs for activating blood circulation, removing stasis and supplementing Qi (CH) on CHD-UAP patient's CEC. Methods: Sixty patients with diagnosis of CHD-UAP confirmed and differentiated to be Qi-deficiency and blood stasis by TCM were randomly divided into two groups and treated, on the basis of Western drug-therapy, with Tongxinluo capsule (通心络胶囊, TXL) and Huoxue Tongmai capsule (活血通脉胶囊, HXTM) respectively by way of oral taking three times a day, 3 capsules every time, with 1 month as one therapeutic course. The number of CEC in patients' blood circulation was counted before and after treatment. Besides, the number of CEC in 30 healthy persons was also counted for control. Results: The number of CEC in CHD-UAP patients was significantly higher than that in the healthy persons (P<0.01). After the patients were treated with CH, either TXL or HXTM, it significantly decreased (P<0.01)with insignificant difference between the two treated groups. Conclusion: CEC in CHD-UAP patients is severely damaged and endothelial function in disorder, Chinese herbs have protective effect on patients' CEC.

Effects of Dengzhan Shengmai Capsule combined with antiplatelet drug and statin therapy on platelet function, inflammatory response and lipid metabolism in patients with unstable angina pectoris

Objective: To study the effects of Dengzhan Shengmai Capsule combined with antiplatelet drug and statin therapy on platelet function, inflammatory response and lipid metabolism in patients with unstable angina pectoris. Methods: A total of 96 patients who were diagnosed with unstable angina pectoris for the first time in Beijing Shunyi District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between February 2015 and January 2018 were chosen and randomly divided into two groups, the observation group received Dengzhan Shengmai Capsule combined with antiplatelet drug and statin therapy, and the control group only accepted antiplatelet drug and statin therapy. Platelet function parameters, inflammatory response parameters and lipid metabolism parameters were determined before treatment and after 2 months of treatment. Results: Compared with those of same group before treatment, PAF, P-selectin, PDGF, E-selectin, Gal-3, TNF-α, IFN-γ, LDL-C, PCSK9, Chemerin and Visfatin contents in serum as well as C3aR and C5aR contents in peripheral blood platelets of both groups of patients were decreasing whereas sFGL2, TGF-β1, APN and Vaspin contents in serum were increasing after treatment, and PAF, P-selectin, PDGF, E-selectin, Gal-3, TNF-α, IFN-γ, LDL-C, PCSK9, Chemerin and Visfatin contents in serum as well as C3aR and C5aR contents in peripheral blood platelets of observation group after treatment were lower than those of control group whereas sFGL2, TGF-β1, APN and Vaspin contents in serum were higher than those of control group. Conclusion: Dengzhan Shengmai Capsule combined with antiplatelet drug and statin therapy for unstable angina pectoris can more effectively inhibit the platelet aggregation and improve the inflammatory response and lipid metabolism.

The Study of hemodynamics and coronary arteriography of Patients with Different Types of Unstable Angina Pectoris

Objectives To explore the basic heart functional state and cardiac reserve function of patients with different types of unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and observe the relations between the heart function and severity of coronary arterial disease. Methods 70 cases with UAP were enrolled including 25 patients with angina decubitus (AD), 23 patients with mixed angina (MA) , and 22 patients with accelerated effort angina (AEA). All patients underwent a series of examination such as UCG, ECT, hemodynamics and volume-loading test. The patients were divided into three groups in light of the results of the hemodynamic examination: ① diastolic dysfunction group ② systolic dysfunction group ③ normal heart function group. We assessed the basic heart function and cardiac reserve function of patients with different types of UAP and also observed the relations between coronary arteriography and heart function. Results ① Under basic conditions, patients with angina decubitus suffered from the systolic (36%) or diastolic dysfunction (48%). 43 percent of the patients with mixed angina had systolic dysfunction and other 43 percent of them had normal cardiac function. However, patients with accelerated effort angina (AEA) were characterized by diastolic dysfunction (31%) or normal heart function (60%). ② In hemodynamic examination, the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of positive patients rose, at the same time cardiac index fell to the extreme instantaneously after loading in volume-loading test and then they restored to the basic level until 60 minutes. However, both PCWP and CI of the negative patients reach the peak momentarily after loading. They returned to the basic level within 30 minutes. ③ coronary arteriography show: there are 41% of patient with three-vessel disease, 50% with two-vessel disease, 9% single vessel disease and left main narrowing 22. 7% in AEA. There are separately 76%, 24%, 0% and 36% in AD; and 26.1% , 43.4% , 21.7% , 43.4% in MA. ④ Constituent ratio of the AEA and MA were separately compared with AD, AEA/AD: P < 0.05(P = 0.031); MA/AD: P < 0.01 (P = 0.000313). Conclusions Most of patients with the above three types of unstable angina pectoris suffered from the basic heart dysfunction and cardiac reserve dysfunction which might participate in the occurrence and development of unstable angina pectoris. In angiography, there are the most three-vessel diseases in AD that are, therefore, the most severe UAP.

Relationship Between Serum Creatine Kinase Isoenzyme MM Subbands and the Gradation of Coronary Stenosis in Patients with Unstable Angina Pectoris

Objective To observe the relationship between serum creatine kinase isoenzyme MM sub-bands (CKMM3/MM1 ratio) and the gradation of coronary stenosis and provide a simple, reliable, and economical method for identifying high-risk unstable angina pectoris (UAP). Mehtods Blood samples were drawn at different time after onset of chest pain in 21 patients with UAP and only once in 20 each volunteers for control. CKMM3/MM1 ratio was detected by nonserial buffer agarose gel electrophoresis. CKMB and CK were observed by velocity method. An emergent coronary arteriography was performed as soon as patients were admitted into hospital. Results Patients with UAP were divided into two subgroups: patients with elevated serum enzyme [P( + )] and patients with normal serum enzyme [P( - ) ] according to CKMM3/MM1 ratio < 0. 5. Patients with UAP( + ) had higher serum CKMM3/MM1 ratios from 0.5 to 12hrs and serum CKMB from 2 to 12 hrs than those with UAP( - ) and control ( P < 0. 05) . Serum enzyme concentrations of patients with UAP whose coronary lumen had 90% or more than 90% stenosis were significantly higher than those whose coronary lumen had less than 90% stenosis ( P <0. 01) . Any CK-MM3/MM1 ratio was less than 1. 0 and CK within the normal range in patients with UAP( + ) group. Conclusions CKMM3/MM1 ratios in patients with UAP can reflect severity of myocardial ischemia. SerumCKMM3/MM1 ratio provides a simple, reliable, and economical method for identifying high-risk UAP.

Effects of XUEZHIKANG on Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein,C - Reactive Protein, Fibrinogen in Unstable Angina Pectoris Patients

Objectives To study the effects of XUEZHIKANG on lipid modulating and the level of oxidized low density lipoprotein(OX - LDL), C -reactive protein(CRP), fibrinogen(FIB) in serum. Methods XUEZHIKANG was given to patients with unstable angina pectoris and hyperlipidemia at a dose of 0. 6 gram bid for 2 months and with half -dose for another 2 months. Vitamin E was given to unstable angina pectoris patients with normal lipid at the dose of 0. 1 gram bid for 4 months respectively. Then compared the level of lipid and OX - LDfL, CRP, FIB in serum at beginning, first - month and second -month. Results XUEZHIKANG can reduce the serum level of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein in 1 month , and gained better effect in 2 months. It can also reduce triglyceride and increase high density lipoprotein in 2 months. Compared with vitamin E XUEZHIKANG can reduce the level of OX - LDL, CRP, FIB significantly after treatment for 2 months. Conclusions XUEZHIKANG has significant effect in lipid modulating , and it can also inhibit the development of inflammation in coronary plaque.

Changes in plaque stability, cell apoptosis and coagulation indexes after patients with unstable angina pectoris accept adjuvant salvianolate therapy

Objective:To investigate the effect of adjuvant salvianolate therapy on plaque stability, cell apoptosis and coagulation indexes in patients with unstable angina pectoris.Methods: 92 patients with unstable angina pectoris treated in our hospital between May 2011 and August 2015 were collected, and after the treatment process and auxiliary examination results were retrospectively analyzed, they were divided into the control group (n=45) who accepted conventional treatment and the observation group (n=47) who accepted adjuvant salvianolate treatment. Before and after treatment, diasonograph was used to evaluate the plaque stability parameters of two groups of patients;ELISA was used to detect apoptosis-related molecule levels;immunoturbidimetry was used to detect blood coagulation indexes.Results: Before treatment, differences in plaque stability parameters, cell apoptosis molecules and coagulation indexes were not statistically significant between two groups of patients (P>0.05). After treatment, the plaque stability parameters plaque thickness, enhanced intensity, rise time and time to peak of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.05);serum sFas, sFasL, fibrinogen (Fib), platelet (PLT), and D-Dimer (D-D) levels of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group while Bcl-2, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) levels were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05).Conclusions: Adjuvant salvianolate treatment can increase the plaque stability, also inhibit myocardial cell apoptosis and improve the coagulation function in patients with unstable angina pectoris.

Effect of Yixinkangtai Capsule combined with diltiazem on endothelial function, blood viscosity and lipid metabolism in patients with unstable angina pectoris

Objective: To discuss the effect of Yixinkangtai Capsule combined with diltiazem on endothelial function, blood viscosity and lipid metabolism in patients with unstable angina pectoris. Methods: A total of 150 patients with unstable angina pectoris who were treated in the hospital between February 2014 and February 2017 were divided into the control group (n=75) and the research group (n=75) according to the random number table method. Control group received clinical conventional therapy, research group received Yixinkangtai Capsule combined with diltiazem therapy on the basis of conventional therapy, and both groups received 3 months of treatment. Differences in endothelial function, blood viscosity and lipid metabolism were compared between the two groups of patients before and after treatment. Results: Before treatment, the differences in serum levels of endothelial function indexes, blood viscosity indexes and lipid metabolism indexes were not statistically significant between the two groups. After 3 months of treatment, serum NO level of research group was higher than that of control group while ET-1 level was lower than that of control group;serum blood viscosity index TXB2 content of research group was lower than that of control group while PGI2 content was higher than that of control group;serum lipid metabolism indexes TG, TC and LDL-C contents of research group were lower than those of control group while HDL-C content was higher than that of control group. Conclusion: Yixinkangtai Capsule combined with diltiazem therapy can effectively optimize the endothelial function, reduce the blood viscosity and balance the lipid metabolism in patients with unstable angina pectoris.

Effect of St. John＇s wort extract on depressive disorder in elderly patients with unstable angina

The elderly patients with coronary heart disease （CHD） are often accompanied with depression. This study aimed to assess the effect of St. John＇s wort extract （SWE） on depressive disorder in elderly patients with unstable angina pectoris. Altogether 170 patients who met the set criteria were enrolled in this prospective study. They were randomly divided into SWE group （44 patients）, Deanxit group （44）, psychotherapy group （42）, and control group （40）. The effectiveness of SWE was evaluated by reduced percentage of Hamilton depression （HAMD） scale and reduced frequency of angina pectoris attack, which were measured before and at 12 weeks after the treatment with SWE. The reduced percentages of HAMD scale were 79.5%, 56.8% and 57.1% in the SWE, Deanxit and psychotherapy groups, respectively. Compared with the control, the three groups had significant differences in the percentages （P〈0.001）. The improvement after the treatment was more significant in the SWE group than in the Deanxit or psychotherapy group （P〈0,05）. The improvement of angina pectoris evaluated by the Canadian Cardiac Society Classification was significantly better in the treatment groups （88.7%, 65.9%, 57.1%） than in the control group, and it was marked in the SWE group （P〈0.001）. Angina pectoris attack, its frequencies, durations and electrocardiographic changes were significantly improved in the treatment groups than in the control group （F=6.05, 4.58, 5.12, P〈0.01）. They are markedly improved in the SWE group （P〈0.05）. SWE can improve depressive symptoms more significantly in elderly patients with unstable angina pectoris than Deanxit or psychotherapy, proving that SWE contributes to better treatment of angina attack as well.

疏肝温胆汤对不稳定型心绞痛中医证候疗效、动态心电图、血脂水平和炎症因子水平的影响

目的:分析疏肝温胆汤对不稳定型心绞痛中医证候疗效、动态心电图、血脂水平和炎症因子水平的影响。方法:2022年5月~2023年5月我院收治的121例不稳定型心绞痛患者,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,其中58例对照组患者采取低脂低盐饮食、适当运动和对症药物治疗等常规治疗,另63例在对照组基础上接受疏肝温胆汤治疗,均治疗3个月。检查和检测动态心电图、血脂水平,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清中炎性因子水平。结果:治疗3个月后,观察组中医证候疗效为95.24%,高于对照组的82.76%(P<0.05);观察组正常R-R间期的平均值标准差(SDNN)、正常相邻心跳差值>50ms与总心跳次数数的百分比(pNN50)、24h频域功率、最大频域功率小时、最小频域功率小时分别为(125.23±31.47)ms、(10.84±2.79)%、(2490.37±538.80)ms^(2)/Hz、(886.14±227.51)ms^(2)/Hz和(5783.25±514.97)ms^(2)/Hz,均高于对照组[(113.73±28.96)ms、(8.06±2.53)%、(2236.17±486.31)ms^(2)/Hz、(772.39±213.52)ms^(2)/Hz和(5026.11±493.25)ms^(2)/Hz,P<0.05];观察组总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平分别为(3.89±0.86)mmol/L、(1.74±0.42)mmol/L和(2.13±0.36)mmol/L低于对照组[(4.35±0.81)mmol/L、(2.35±0.56)mmol/L和(2.55±0.40)mmol/L],观察组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平为(2.41±0.39)mmol/L,高于对照组[(1.92±0.41)mmol/L,P<0.05];观察组肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、脂蛋白相关的磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)水平分别为(8.13±1.54)ng/L、(4.18±1.15)ng/L、(1.44±0.27)mg/L和(155.37±36.31)ng/L均低于对照组[(10.29±1.97)ng/L、(6.42±1.38)ng/L、(1.89±0.31)mg/L和(187.59±32.46)ng/L,P<0.05]。结论:应用疏肝温胆汤可有效提升不稳定型心绞痛患者中医证候疗效,改善心功能,降低血脂和炎症水平,进而改善脂质代谢和体内微环境。

益气活血汤治疗不稳定型心绞痛老年患者的疗效及对其血流动力学和心电图的影响

目的探究益气活血汤对不稳定型心绞痛(Unstable angina pectoris,UAP)老年患者的疗效及对其血流动力学和心电图的影响。方法选取2019年5月-2022年6月期间大连市友谊医院老年医学中心老年病科收治的92例UAP老年患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各46例。对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予益气活血汤治疗,均持续治疗4周。观察比较两组患者临床疗效、心电图改善情况,治疗前后血脂[总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)]水平、血流动力学(全血还原黏度、纤维蛋白原、红细胞聚集指数、血浆黏度)指标及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后观察组临床总有效率91.30%(42/46)明显高于对照组73.91%(34/46),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者血脂TC、TG、LDL-C水平均较治疗前降低,HDL-C水平较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组TC、TG、LDL-C水平均明显低于对照组,HDL-C水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者全血还原黏度、红细胞聚集指数、纤维蛋白原、血浆黏度均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组血流动力学指标明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组心电图改善总有效率86.96%(40/46)明显高于对照组67.39%(31/46),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间,两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论益气活血汤治疗老年UAP的疗效显著,可有效改善患者血流动力学指标和心电图情况。

阿司匹林联合替格瑞洛治疗冠心病不稳定型心绞痛的疗效及对患者心室重塑、氧化应激的影响

目的 观察阿司匹林联合替格瑞洛治疗冠心病不稳定心绞痛的疗效,并评估其对患者心室重塑、氧化应激等指标的影响。方法 选取2021年10月至2023年10月期间新乡市中心医院收治的186例冠心病不稳定心绞痛患者纳入研究,采用随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组93例。对照组患者采用阿司匹林联合氢氯吡格雷片治疗,观察组患者采用阿司匹林联合替格瑞洛治疗,均连续治疗3个月。比较两组患者的临床疗效,以及治疗前后的心室重塑[基质金属蛋白酶-9 (MMP-9)、半乳凝素-3 (Gal-3)]、血管内皮功能[血清细胞间黏附分子-1 (ICAM-1)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、内皮素-1 (ET-1)、血流介导舒张功能(FMD)水平]和氧化应激[一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)]水平。结果 观察组患者的治疗总有效率为96.77%,明显高于对照组的86.02%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后的MMP-9水平为(141.28±19.33)μg/L,明显低于对照组的(164.72±19.86)μg/L,而Gal-3水平为(6.87±0.92) ng/mL,明显高于对照组的(5.36±0.84) ng/mL,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后的ICAM-1、AngⅡ和ET-1水平分别为(56.87±9.70) pg/mL、(0.70±0.14) ng/mL和(43.15±5.83) pg/mL,明显低于对照组的(81.35±10.31) pg/mL、(0.96±0.15) ng/mL和(52.37±6.37) pg/mL,而FMD水平为(14.82±1.93)%,明显高于对照组的(11.27±2.33)%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后的NO、SOD水平分别为(77.95±9.60) mol/L、(112.69±11.47) U/L,明显高于对照组的(62.49±9.37) mol/L、(107.34±10.63) U/L,而MDA水平为(12.45±2.26) mmol/L,明显低于对照组的(15.38±2.35) mmol/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 阿司匹林联合替格瑞洛治疗不稳定型冠心病疗效确切,且能促进患者的心室重塑、改善血管内皮功能及氧化应激指标。

老年不稳定心绞痛及伴有衰弱患者皮下注射低分子肝素后出血的危险因素分析

目的 分析老年不稳定心绞痛伴有衰弱患者皮下注射低分子肝素后出血的危险因素。方法 选取2020年6月—2023年6月在南京医科大学附属南京医院(南京市第一医院)老年医学科与心内科住院治疗的老年不稳定心绞痛伴衰弱患者,按照是否发生皮下出血将其分为皮下出血组(90例)和对照组(90例),对比两组年龄、性别、体质量指数(BMI)等一般资料,以及合并疾病及注射方法等变量。多因素logistic回归分析皮下注射低分子肝素后发生皮下出血的危险因素。结果 皮下出血组患者BMI、注射低分子肝素后进行注射点按压的患者比例及皮下脂肪厚度均显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析显示,皮下脂肪厚度低、BMI较低及拔针后未进行注射点按压均是患者使用低分子肝素皮下注射后发生皮下出血风险的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 皮下脂肪厚度低、BMI较低及拔针后未进行注射点按压是老年不稳定心绞痛及伴有衰弱患者使用低分子肝素皮下注射后发生皮下出血风险的独立危险因素,在临床应用低分子肝素时应注意控制血压或增加按压时间,进而降低患者皮下出血的发生风险。

DRGs付费背景下不稳定型心绞痛药物治疗成效分析

目的分析按病种分组(DRGs)付费背景下不稳定型心绞痛药物治疗成效。方法选择2020年11月~2022年10月期间收治的不稳定型心绞痛治疗病例进行回顾性分析,总例数600例,根据是否实施DRGs付费模式,将数据分为常规组(2020年11月~2021年10月,300例)与研究组(2021年11月~2022年10月,300例)。常规组按照临床用药常规模式给药,研究组基于DRGs付费背景开展药物治疗。比较两组症状消失时间、胸痛持续时间、药品费用、住院总费用等指标;比较治疗效果及不合理用药发生率。结果与常规组相比,研究组胸痛、呼吸困难、心悸等症状消失时间、单次胸痛平均持续时间、住院时间更短(P<0.05);研究组药品费用、住院总费用更低(P<0.05),研究组药占比更低(P<0.05);与常规组相比,研究组治疗总有效率更高(P<0.05);与常规组相比,研究组发生过量用药、重复用药、用法错误、药品选择错误、处方制定错误等不合理用药占比更低(P<0.05)。结论DRGs付费背景下确定不稳定型心绞痛治疗药物并予以对症治疗,可迅速改善患者临床症状,显著提升治疗成效,还可降低不合理用药发生概率,进而降低药品费用与住院总费用,减轻患者经济负担。

基于网状Meta分析对8个经典名方治疗不稳定型心绞痛的临床疗效评价

目的:运用网状Meta分析方法系统评价8种经典名方联合西医常规治疗不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)的临床疗效,并分别进一步比较不同经典名方治疗实证和虚证(包括虚实夹杂)2大证型的疗效。方法:检索并筛选中文科技期刊数据库(CCD)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国国家知识基础设施数据库(CNKI)与中国学术期刊数据库(CSPD)等数据库中关于8个经典名方(血府逐瘀汤、补阳还五汤、四妙勇安汤、丹参饮、炙甘草汤、枳实薤白桂枝汤、瓜蒌薤白半夏汤、化痰祛瘀通脉汤)联合西医常规治疗UAP的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时限从各数据库建库至2022年1月14日,采用Stata 16.0软件进行网状Meta分析。结果:共纳入60个RCT,总计5088例UAP患者,涉及9种干预措施。其中,UAP属实证的有41个RCT,UAP患者共3432例,涉及5种干预措施;虚证或虚实夹杂共13个,共1130例患者,涉及4种干预措施。网状Meta分析结果提示,枳实薤白桂枝汤+西医常规治疗总有效率最优,UAP属实证者,四妙勇安汤+西医常规治疗最佳;虚证或虚实夹杂者,补阳还五汤+西医常规治疗最佳;心电图改善方面,四妙勇安汤疗效最佳;枳实薤白桂枝汤+西医常规在降低超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)改善炎症反应方面更优。结论:与西医常规治疗UAP比较,枳实薤白桂枝汤联合西药常规治疗疗效较显著。但仍需要纳入更多高质量的RCT证实。

红细胞分布宽度、糖化血红蛋白水平与不稳定型心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变程度及狭窄程度的相关性分析

目的分析红细胞分布宽度、糖化血红蛋白水平与不稳定型心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变程度及狭窄程度的相关性。方法120例不稳定型心绞痛患者,根据冠状动脉病变支数的不同分为单支病变组(60例)、双支病变组(40例)、多支病变组(20例),根据冠状动脉狭窄程度的不同分为轻度狭窄组(50例)、中度狭窄组(40例)、重度狭窄组(20例)、完全闭塞组(10例)。对比不同冠状动脉病变支数组和狭窄程度组的红细胞分布宽度、糖化血红蛋白水平;使用Pearson法分析红细胞分布宽度、糖化血红蛋白水平与不稳定型心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变支数、冠状动脉狭窄程度的相关性。结果单支病变组、双支病变组、多支病变组的红细胞分布宽度分别为(9.27±0.71)%、(12.59±1.36)%、(17.87±2.68)%,糖化血红蛋白分别为(6.57±1.12)%、(8.89±2.06)%、(12.65±3.18)%。单支病变组、双支病变组、多支病变组的红细胞分布宽度、糖化血红蛋白水平对比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);且红细胞分布宽度、糖化血红蛋白水平从高到低分别均为:多支病变组>双支病变组>单支病变组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。轻度狭窄组、中度狭窄组、重度狭窄组、完全闭塞组的红细胞分布宽度分别为(8.71±0.63)%、(11.86±0.92)%、(15.76±1.78)%、(20.36±3.04)%,糖化血红蛋白分别为(5.47±1.15)%、(6.97±1.83)%、(9.22±2.68)%、(14.86±3.89)%。轻度狭窄组、中度狭窄组、重度狭窄组、完全闭塞组的红细胞分布宽度、糖化血红蛋白水平对比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);且红细胞分布宽度、糖化血红蛋白水平从高到低分别均为:完全闭塞组>重度狭窄组>中度狭窄组>轻度狭窄组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson分析法显示,不稳定型心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变支数的多少与红细胞分布宽度、糖化血红蛋白水平之间呈正相关(r=0.25、0.15,P<0.05);不稳定型心绞痛患者冠状动脉狭窄程度的轻重与红细胞分布宽度、糖化血红蛋白水平之间呈正相关(r=0.49、0.65,P<0.05)。结论临床可以通过红细胞分布宽度、糖化血红蛋白水平的血清学检测来评估不稳定型心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变支数和狭窄程度,进而根据患者病情的轻重来指导临床治疗,从而使患者获得更好的预后。