Commentary on“Synchronized activity of sensory neurons initiates cortical synchrony in a model of neuropathic pain”

In pat i e nt s,a s well as in animal mod e l s,hypersensitivity to external stimuli(hyperalgesia and allodynia)or spontaneous pain is often the first,and the most disabling,symptom of neuropathy(Davis et al.,2020).The increased activity of sensitive neurons drives pain development,making ion channel modulation a fundamental target for current pharmacotherapy as well as one of the most investigated by the R&D departments of pharmaceutical companies(Bennett et al.,2019).

Dynamic changes in physicochemical property,biogenic amines content and microbial diversity during the fermentation of Sanchuan ham

Sanchuan ham is appreciated in Yunnan Province,China,for its characteristic flavor and taste,while the microbial community structure and biogenic amines content remain unclear during fermentation processes.In this study,we explored the physicochemical property,biogenic amines concentration and microbial diversity of external and internal Sanchuan ham by high-throughput sequencing during the processing of Sanchuan ham.Results showed that the nitrite remained at a stable level of 0.15 mg/kg which was significantly lower than the national health standard safety level of 20 mg/kg.In addition,compared with fresh hams,the content of total free amino acids in ripe Sanchuan ham has grown 14 folds;sour and bitter were the main tastes of Sanchuan ham.Notably,the concentration of cadaverine was the highest of all biogenic amines during the entire fermentation period.At the bacterial phyla level,Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the two main phyla,while at the genus level,Staphylococcus was a significant strain throughout the whole fermentation.Moreover,the dry stage has a great impact on the succession change of microbial community structure.Simultaneously,the change trends and composition of bacteria in the interior have slight discrepancies with those of the exterior of Sanchuan ham.

Overview of the Development of the Soybean Industry in the United States,Brazil and Argentina and Its Lessons for the Development of the Soybean Industry in China

Since the 1950s,China has gradually moved away from complete self-sufficiency in terms of soybeans to a high dependence on imports,and its annual import of soybeans accounts for about 60%of the global soybean trade.Brazil,the United States and Argentina have seen rapid growth in the soybean industry in just a few decades,and now account for about 80%of the world’s annual production.On the whole,in addition to the unique resource endowment and the continuous expansion of international market demand,the strong support of the U.S.government.

Evaluation of the Quality of Life of Patients Suffering from Chronic Rhinosinusitis in a Hospital Setting in Kinshasa

Background and objective: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a common disease worldwide, has a major impact on patients’ quality of life (QoL). In recent years, the measurement of health-related QoL has made it possible to assess the patient’s state of health, the severity of the CRS and the treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the QoL of patients with CRS in a hospital setting in Kinshasa. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted from June 2020 to May 2021 in the ENT service of the Kinshasa University Hospital and the Monkole Hospital Center. The study involved 113 patients aged at least 18 years, whose QOL was compared with that of a control group consisting of 100 non-patients. QOL was assessed using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) Questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the patients was 41.0 years (18 - 74 years) and that of the controls was 39.1 years (19 - 77 years). More than half of the participants were university graduates. The median SNOT-22 score was 44 (14 - 78) in patients and 7 (1 - 40) in controls. Compared with subjects without CRS, patients with CRS had significantly higher scores in all four domains of the SNOT-22. Around 9 out of 10 patients had a severely impaired QoL compared with 2 out of 10 controls. Considering mildly impaired QoL, we found that in the otological and sleep domains, scores were not significantly different between patients and controls. In the case of severely impaired QoL, however, only the otological domain showed a non-significant difference in scores between the two groups. Conclusion: CRS is a real public health problem in our environment and significantly alters the QoL of patients suffering from it, with repercussions on their professional productivity;hence the need for better management.

External Otitis: Epidemiological, Clinical, Etiological, and Therapeutic Aspects at the Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Department of Mamou Regional Hospital

Introduction: External otitis (OE) is an acute or chronic inflammation or infection of the external ear resulting from an imbalance in the external auditory canal secondary to microtrauma, maceration, eczema, or a foreign body in the external auditory canal. Objective: To study cases of external otitis at the Mamou Regional Hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study conducted over a period of six (6) months from July 1st to December 31st, 2016. It included all patients admitted to the ENT department of the Mamou Regional Hospital. Results: During the study period, 712 patients were admitted to the department for various pathologies, of which 103 met our selection criteria, representing a frequency of 14.46%. The mean age of the patients was 33.74 years with a range of 1 to 90 years. Males predominated in the sample, accounting for 59.22%. The vast majority of patients resided in urban areas, constituting 61.17% of the sample. In our study, all patients consulted for otalgia (100%), and over half (53.39%) for hypoacusis. We formally identified rhinitis in 66.66% of cases, while diabetes was found in only 4 patients (11.11%). Otomycosis was the most commonly identified condition (53.39%), followed by furuncles (33.98%). Ear drops containing antibiotics were administered to all patients, although 66.60% received antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: External otitis is a relatively common condition, particularly among children and the elderly. Diagnosis can be made based on pain upon traction of the pinna and pressure on the tragus.

Otorhinolaryngological (ORL) and Cervicofacial Injuries Resulting from Road Accidents within the Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) Department of the Regional Hospital of Mamou

Introduction: Otorhinolaryngological (ORL) and cervicofacial traumas encompass injuries affecting the neck, face, and ORL region, resulting from external influence. The objective of this study was to conduct an epidemiological and clinical analysis of ORL and cervicofacial injuries observed in victims of road accidents treated at the Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) department of the Regional Hospital of Mamou. Materials and Methods: This prospective and descriptive study was conducted over a period of 12 months, from January 1st to December 31st, 2021, within the Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) department of the Regional Hospital of Mamou. It included patients hospitalized for ORL and/or cervicofacial traumas resulting from road accidents during the study period. Results: A total of 348 cases were included, representing 36.22% of all traumas related to road accidents (AVP) within the Regional Hospital of Mamou. The average age of the patients was 26.44 years, with a sex ratio of 3.83, favoring males. The dominant socio-professional category was students, encompassing 32.47% of cases. Road accidents were mainly associated with motorcycle use (31.32% motorcycle-to-motorcycle, 24.43% motorcycle skidding, 13.51% motorcycle-pedestrian). Facial region injuries were the most common, accounting for 69.03% of cases, followed by rhinological injuries (17.28%) and otological injuries (13.69%). Associated injuries were predominantly closed head traumas (52.55%) and lower limb fractures (20.41%). Imaging was underutilized. Regarding surgical interventions, reconstructive surgery was the most predominant, accounting for 52.51% of cases, with a management timeframe of 30 minutes to 12 hours for 99.72% of patients. Conclusion: Road traffic accidents remain a serious public health issue, primarily affecting young males. Emphasis should be placed on road safety measures to reduce the frequency of these accidents.

基于MaxEnt模型预测伯乐树生境适宜性评价

该研究旨在预测伯乐树的适宜分布区并识别主导其分布的环境变量,为保护伯乐树资源提供理论依据。该研究使用ENMTools筛选出126个伯乐树分布点数据。应用MaxEnt模型,模拟4种环境变量组合,气候变量,气候和土壤变量,气候、土壤和紫外变量及气候、土壤、紫外和地形综合变量。通过比较这4种模型的准确性和可靠性,探讨影响伯乐树分布的主要环境变量。基于4组环境变量的MaxEnt模型,AUC值训练集分别为0.973±0.001、0.973±0.001、0.975±0.001、0.977±0.001。结果表明,4类综合环境变量模拟模型最为稳定和可靠。伯乐树地理分布主要由气候(日温度平均范围、最干季度平均温度、最干月降水量)、土壤(基本饱和度、土壤有效水含量)、紫外(紫外线的季节性变化、紫外线最弱月份平均辐射量)、地形(高程)等4类综合环境变量影响。伯乐树的地理分布格局受多种环境因素的综合影响。4类环境变量模拟的结果更准确地反映了伯乐树的适宜分布区。该研究可为伯乐树遗传资源收集和种质资源保护提供重要的数据支持。

Detection of Low-Risk and High-Risk Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus in Archived Tissues from ENT Tumors in Burkina Faso

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is classified into high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and HPV (LR-HPV) according to their oncogenic potential. These viruses can be found in the cervix, vagina, vulva, anus and in the ENT sphere. HPV ENT infections can lead to benign or malignant tumors in which we could find both LR-HPV and HR-HPV genotypes. The objective of this study was to investigate the genotypes of HR-HPV and LR-HPV in archived tissue samples derived from both benign and malignant tumors of the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. One hundred and twenty formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archived tissues of the ENT sphere from 26 benign tumors and 94 malignant tumors were included. The tissues were first deparaffinized with xylem. The extracted DNA was used to test for high-risk and low-risk HPV by Real-Time Multiplex PCR. HPV DNA was found in 57.7% (15/26) of benign tumors and 43.61% (41/94) of malignant tumors. The prevalence of HPV infection was 46.67% (56/120) in all tumors combined. The most common HPV genotypes found were HPV 11 (34.28%), HPV 6 (30%), HPV56 (14.28%) and HPV 33 (8.57%). There were 21.43% (12/56) cases of genotypes co-infections with 10 cases of double infection and 2 cases of triple infection. Both low-risk and high-risk HPV are found in ENT tumors with relatively high HPV prevalence.

Characteristics of Ent Foreign Bodies in a Hospital at Cotonou, Benin

Introduction: Foreign bodies (FB) can constitute a life-threatening emergency by their nature or their location. The objective of this study was to describe the socio-demographic, diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of FB in the ENT department of CHUZ-Suru Léré in Cotonou. Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection spanning a period of ten (10) years from January 1st, 2013 to December 31st, 2022. Patients of all ages seen in consultations in the ENT and CCF department of the CHUZ-Suru Léré during the study period and meeting the inclusion criteria were taken into account. Results: During the study period, 1810 cases of FB were collected among the 13,947 consultations, i.e. a hospital frequency of 12.98%. The age of the patients varied from 19 days to 94 years with a predominance of children under 10 years (60.2%). The sex ratio (male/female) was 1.13. The duration between the onset of FB and the medical consultation was greater than 72 hours in 88.49% of cases. The circumstances of occurrence of FB were unknown in 86.34% of cases. The external acoustic meatus was the most common location (90.22%). The nature of FB was inorganic in 86.80% of cases dominated by earwax plugs (77.90%), and organic FB in 7.96% of cases dominated by cotton (3.98%). All FB were extracted by the route of introduction except one case. The extraction was performed most often in the consultation chair (97.07% of cases). The evolution was generally favorable (99.94%). Conclusion: ENT foreign bodies are a frequent reason for consultation and mainly affect male children. They are usually inorganic. Evolution is generally favorable after extraction. Prevention remains the best solution.

基于MaxEnt分析金钱松适生的生物气候特征

【目的】利用Max Ent模型分析金钱松适生的生物气候特征,为金钱松林业生产提供科学依据。【方法】从我国4个标本馆获取金钱松43个标本记录数据,并从World Clim网站下载1950—2000年生物气候数据,用最大熵模型（Max Ent）模拟金钱松的地理分布,检测其生物气候主导因子及其适宜值。【结果】金钱松最适宜（分布值为0.73~1.0）分布的地区是湖南东部、湖北东南部、江西的东北部、安徽的南部、浙江西北部和其东部沿海地区,其余具分布值0.37~0.73的区域是以上这些高分布值区域的向外连续延伸。刀切法检测表明：冷季均温、干季均温、暖季降雨量对金钱松的分布影响较大,其中冷季均温适宜值为1.15~8.1℃,最适值为4.62℃;干季均温适宜值为2.7~11.9℃,最适值为7.3℃;暖季降雨量适宜值为45.6~734.4 mm,最适值为546.9 mm。【结论】Max Ent模拟可信度较高,精确反映出金钱松的地理分布范围,并阐明主导其分布的3个生物气候因子,揭示金钱松在地理分布上所需的定量生物气候条件。

计算机辅助耳鼻喉科(ENT)手术中的组合配准方法

本文提出了在计算机辅助手术中基于解剖结构的组合式配准新方法。该方法将手术前病人皮肤和骨骼表面的三维模型与手术中来自三维定位器的采集数据 ,依据各自的特性进行最优匹配 ,并在耳鼻喉科 (ENT)手术中得到了精确可靠的结果。在新鲜尸体样本上的实验表明 ,新的配准算法可应用于医学临床试验。同时对三维光学定位器的精度进行了测试 。

基于GARP和MaxEnt的云杉矮槲寄生分布区的预测

云杉矮槲寄生(Arceuthobium sichuanense)是一种寄生性种子植物,主要寄生于云杉属植物,近年来对我国"三江源"地区的云杉天然林和次生林造成严重危害。本研究利用GARP和MaxEnt生态位模型,基于已报道的云杉矮槲寄生分布点的数据,对其在中国的分布区进行了预测和分析,并采用ROC曲线对预测结果进行检验和评价。结果表明:GARP模型预测的分布范围较广,MaxEnt内部层次更细致,为得到最佳结果,将2个模型的预测结果赋予一定的权重(4∶1)从而获得最佳结果;ROC曲线评价结果表明,GARP-MaxEnt模型的AUC值为0.937,达到了极高的精度。通过该模型预测可见,云杉矮槲寄生在中国的适生区主要集中在青海、甘肃、四川和西藏地区,其中青海、甘肃、四川交界区域为云杉矮槲寄生的极度适宜分布区。本研究结果有利于全面了解云杉矮槲寄生的分布范围,对云杉矮槲寄生害的调查与监测以及制定科学防治策略具有重要的理论指导意义。

气候变化下西南地区主要亚热带常绿栎属乔木地理分布研究

为了解中国西南地区6种亚热带常绿栎属植物在未来气候情景下的潜在分布,该文利用最大熵模型(maximum entropy model,MaxEnt)和地理信息系统技术,结合帽斗栎(Quercusguyavaefolia)、川滇高山栎(Q.aquifolioides)、毛脉高山栎(Q.rehderiana)、高山栎(Q.semecarpifolia)、灰背栎(Q.senescens)和匙叶栎(Q.dolicholepis)的分布数据、生理生态特性、环境数据及未来2070s(2061—2080年)气候情景数据(SSPs126、SSPs245、SSPs585),分析了未来气候变化对各乔木种潜在地理分布的影响。结果表明,6种乔木MaxEnt模型的AUC均值均大于0.9,模拟效果好。温度季节性、年降水量、海拔、最冷月最低温和坡度等5个环境因子为6种栎属乔木分布的主导环境因子,即多适宜分布在温度季节性变化较小、温暖潮湿的山区。其中,川滇高山栎、毛脉高山栎和高山栎较其他3树种更适宜生长于温度偏低、温度季节性变化略大的中、高山地区。西南地区6种主要亚热带常绿栎属乔木潜在适宜区主要分布在西南地区,华中地区西部、华南地区西部和西北地区南部部分地区也有分布,高适宜区主要位于四川南部和云南西北部。在未来气候情景下,西南地区亚热带常绿主要栎属乔木适宜区面积以增长趋势为主,且向西北方向迁移。

ent-贝壳杉烯类化合物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

目的:以甜菊苷为原料合成ent-贝壳杉烯类目标化合物。方法:构造了以exo-亚甲基环戊酮为特征的药效基团结构,同时对C-4位的羧基进行了修饰,以改善目标化合物的活性,并通过MTT法检测目标化合物的体外抗肿瘤活性。结果和结论:合成的13个ent-贝壳杉烯类目标化合物结构经1HNMR、ESI-MS和FT-IR确认。MTT法显示部分目标化合物对肿瘤细胞BEL-7402,HO-8910,MCF-7和HL-60有较好的抑制活性。

ent-贝壳杉烷型二萜化合物的细胞毒活性研究进展

详细地概述了各类天然与合成的ent-贝壳杉烷二萜化合物的细胞毒活性研究进展,总结和讨论了这类化合物的构效关系、作用机制以及对多种人癌细胞系的选择性,评述了这类化合物作为抗肿瘤药物的开发潜力,提出了目前存在的问题与不足,并对其发展前景和研究方向做出了预测和展望.

基于Agent的软件重用

软件重用是目前提高软件质量和开发效率、降低软件开发成本的一种重要手段。本文分析了当前软件重用的特点 ,针对其不足以及目前软件开发的状况提出了动态软件重用的思想。这一思想的一个重要特征是由可重用软部件完成软件重用活动。为了实现动态软件重用的思想 ,我们进一步提出了基于 Agent的软件重用方法 ,分析了该方法在实现动态软件重用中的有效性和面临的问题以及解决问题的技术途径。

高地应力软岩隧道初支侵限诱因及控制措施研究

高地应力软弱围岩隧道施工易发生软岩大变形不良地质灾害,进一步引发掌子面失稳塌方、初支结构破坏、钢拱架弯折、初支结构侵限等不良现象,严重影响施工安全,阻碍工期。依托九绵高速白马隧道工程,结合工程特点,从围岩自身力学特性及高地应力软岩变形特征方面深入分析了白马隧道初支侵限机理,并针对此特点,提出了一套适用于软岩大变形初支结构侵限专项施工方案。研究结果表明,由于地下水的侵蚀,炭质千枚岩发生软化,岩体力学性质变差,自承能力降低,在高地应力持续作用下,围岩发生挤压大变形,进一步诱导初支侵限。变更支护方案后,6 m锚杆结合小导管注浆加固对围岩变形有一定控制作用,但6 m锚杆无法将松动区岩块锚固在稳定母体中,不能充分发挥锚杆悬吊能力,对围岩变形控制效果有限,无法满足现场围岩变形需求,建议采用8 m长锚杆。初支拆换过程中应实时监测围岩变化情况,明确围岩变化方向、速率、累计值等,并根据现场实时监测数据反馈施工,实时调整支护参数,确保施工质量。

新时代基层应急管理人才能力要求与赋能向度

基层是国家治理的最末端和服务群众的最前沿,然而基层应急管理人才队伍却呈现出不同程度的缺位缺额。本文通过深入分析基层特征、组织体系和参与主体嬗变,将基层应急管理的历史变迁划分为“政府包揽-群众自救”“政府统筹-社会参与”“政府治理-社会调节-居民自治”等3个阶段,结合文献研究和实地调研,构建了由2个层次、4个一级指标、18个二级指标组成的基层应急管理人才能力指标体系。文章通过问卷调查方式获得基层应急管理人才能力重要度排序,在一级指标层面,预防与应急准备权重0.4828居于首位,预防与应急准备、监测与预警相应二级指标排序靠前。研究结果表明,基层应急管理人才赋能的“工作-学习”并行机制和“基层-高校”联动机制,深化了应急管理人才规模及评价范畴,对各级组织应急管理人才队伍建设发展具有一定参考价值。

基于MaxEnt模型的四川小寨子沟国家级自然保护区大熊猫化学通讯位点适宜性评价

为揭示影响野生大熊猫Ailuropoda melanoleuca化学通讯位点选择的生态因素,于2016年3月和10月在四川小寨子沟国家级自然保护区,利用样线法对大熊猫化学通讯位点的适宜性进行了初步研究。调查共发现大熊猫化学通讯位点33个,基于这些位点和海拔、坡度、竹林分布等10个环境变量,使用最大熵(Max Ent)模型对该区域大熊猫化学通讯位点适宜性进行综合评价。结果表明:竹林分布(56.90%)和距山脊距离(29.90%)2个环境变量的累积贡献率达86.80%,是影响该区域大熊猫化学通讯位点的主要生态因子。依据Max Ent模型最大约登指数,将结果分为适宜和不适宜2种类型,其中,适宜面积为15 187.50 hm^2,占研究区域面积的34.22%,主要位于保护区中部、保护区南北部分别与宝顶沟和白河自然保护区交界区域;不适宜面积为29 197.20 hm^2,占65.78%。在人力、物力有限的情况下,本研究为保护区合理安排保护行动的时段和区域、提升大熊猫的保护成效提供了数据支撑,对进一步推动野生大熊猫保护实践具有一定意义。

城市知识网络与知识生产的协同演化研究—以中国三大城市群为例

知识经济时代,知识网络联系深刻影响着城市的知识生产能力,知识生产的反馈机制也是理解知识网络演化的关键因素。本文以中国东部沿海地区京津冀、长三角和珠三角三大城市群62个地级及以上城市为研究单元,基于2001—2020年中国专利权转移数据和隶属联系模型构建城市知识网络,采用基于随机行动者的网络动力学模型从内生结构效应、行动者-关系效应和协变量网络效应3个维度定量解析了城市知识网络与知识生产的协同演化过程。研究发现:①城市知识网络与知识生产的演化过程总体呈现相互促进的协同特征,即城市知识生产水平的提高增加了城市发出和接收网络链接关系的概率,同时城市知识网络的演化特征也会进一步促进城市知识生产活动的开展。②城市知识网络与知识生产的协同演化过程受到路径依赖机制、多维邻近性机制的共同影响。③城市知识网络与知识生产的协同演化路径因城市所属城市群的不同进而表现出异质性特征。