Geochemical Characteristics of the Upper Permian Longtan Formation from Northeastern Sichuan Basin:Implications for the Depositional Environment and Organic Matter Enrichment

A set of organic-rich shales of the upper Permian Longtan Formation,which is widely developed in the northeastern part of the Sichuan Basin,is a key formation for the next step of exploration and development.At present,most studies on this set of formations have focused on the reservoir characteristics and reservoir formation mechanism of the shales,and basic studies on the palaeoenvironment and organic matter(OM)enrichment mechanism have not been fully carried out.In this paper,we recovered the sedimentary palaeoenvironment by mineralogical,elemental geochemical and organic geochemical analyses,and explored the enrichment mechanism of OM under the constraints of palaeoenvironmental evolution.The shales can be divided into two stages of sedimentary evolution:compared with the shales of the Lower Longtan Formation,the shales of the Upper Longtan Formation are relatively rich in quartz,poor in clay and carbonate minerals,and the OM type changes from typeⅢto typeⅡ_(2).The depositional environment has undergone a change from sea level rise,from warm and wet climate to dry and cold climate,and from oxygen-poor condition restricted to open reduction environment;the land source input has decreased,the siliceous mineral content has increased,the biological productivity has improved,and the deposition rate has changed from high to low.A depositional model was established for the shales of the Longtan Formation,reflecting the differential reservoir formation pattern of organic matter.For the Lower Longtan Formation shales,the most important factors controlling OM content are terrestrial source input and deposition rate,followed by paleoclimate and paleooxygen conditions.For the Upper Longtan Formation shales,the most important controlling factor is paleo-productivity,followed by sedimentation rate.The depositional model constructed for the Upper and Lower Longtan Formation shales can reproduce the enrichment of organic matter and provide a basis for later exploration and development.

Geological characteristics and co-exploration and co-production methods of Upper Permian Longtan coal measure gas in Yangmeishu Syncline, Western Guizhou Province, China

Coal measure gas(also known as coal-bearing unconventional gas)is the key field and development direction of unconventional natural gas in recent years.The exploration and evaluation of coal measure gas(coalbed methane,coal shale gas and coal measure tight sandstone gas)from single coalbed methane has greatly expanded the field and space of resource evaluation,which is of positive significance for realizing the comprehensive utilization of coal resources,maximizing the benefits and promoting the innovation of oil and gas geological theory and technological advances in exploration and development.For the first time,in Yangmeishu Syncline of Western Guizhou Province,the public welfare coalbed methane geological survey project of China Geological Survey has been carried out a systematic geological survey of coal measure gas for the Upper Permian Longtan Formation,identified the geological conditions of coal measure gas and found high quality resources.The total geological resource quantity of coalbed methane and coal shale gas is 51.423×109 m3 and the geological resource abundance is up to 566×106 m3/km2.In this area,the coal measures are characterized by many layers of minable coal seams,large total thickness,thin to the medium thickness of the single layer,good gas-bearing property of coal seams and coal measure mudstone and sandstone,good reservoir physical property and high-pressure coefficient.According to the principle of combination of high quality and similarity of key parameters of the coal reservoir,the most favorable intervals are No.5-2,No.7 and No.13-2 coal seam in Well YMC1.And the pilot tests are carried out on coal seams and roof silty mudstone,such as staged perforation,increasing hydraulic fracturing scale and"three gas"production.The high and stable industrial gas flow with a daily gas output of more than 4000 m3 has been obtained,which has realized the breakthrough in the geological survey of coal measure gas in Southwest China.Based on the above investigation results,the geological characteristics of coal measure gas in the multi-thin-coal-seam-developed area and the coexploration and co-production methods,such as the optimization method of favorable intervals,the highefficiency fracturing and reservoir reconstruction method of coal measures,and the"three gas"drainage and production system,are systematically summarized in this paper.It will provide a reference for efficient exploration and development of coal measure gas in similar geological conditions in China.

Diagenesis and Very Low-Grade Metamorphism of the Upper Permian Yangjiagou Formation in Eastern Changchun, China:Evidence from Clay Mineral Geothermobarometers

The metamorphic conditions of the Upper Permian Yangjiagou Formation in eastern Changchun, China, were evaluated based on the mineral assemblage, illite crystallinity, illite polytypism,the b dimension of illite, and the chemical composition of chlorite. The pelitic rocks in the Yangjiagou Formation are characterized by illite + kaolinite + chlorite ± mixed-layer chlorite/smectite and detrital quartz + plagioclase. Illite in the formation has a crystallinity of 0.38-0.55 and comprises mixed 2 Mand1 Mpolytypes, indicating a metamorphic temperature of >200℃. Based on the chemical composition of chlorite and the chlorite geothermometer, we estimated diagenetic to very low-grade metamorphic conditions with temperatures of 185℃～204℃. The b dimension of illite varies from 8.992 A to 9.005 A.We used a mathematical algorithm to extend Guidotti and Sassi’s(1986) diagram relating illite b dimension with temperature and pressure, and used this diagram, together with illite crystallinity and chlorite chemical composition, to semi-quantitatively estimate the formation pressure at<1.2 kbar. These reveal that the Yangjiagou Formation has experienced very low-grade metamorphism.

A study on the geochemical characteristics of Upper Permian continental marginal arc volcanic rocks in the northern segment of South Lancangjiang Belt

Geochemical characteristics of the Upper Permian (P-2) continental marginal arc volcanic rocks are described, which have been found recently around the areas of Xiaodingxi and Zangli on the eastern side of the Yunxian|Lincang granite, in terms of rock assemblage, petrochemistry, REE, trace elements, Pb isotopes, geotectonic environment and so on. The volcanic rock assemblage is dominated by basalt-andesite-dacite, with minor trachyte andecite-trachyte; the volcanic rock series is predominated by the calc-alkaline series, with minor tholleiite series and alkaline series rocks; the volcanic rocks are characterized by high Al-2O-3 and low TiO-2, with K-2O contents showing extremely strong polarity; the REE distribution patterns are characterized by LREE enrichment and right-inclined type; trace elements and large cation elements are highly enriched, Ti and Cr are depleted, and P and Nb are partially depleted; the Pb composition is of the Gondwana type; the petrochemical points mostly fall within the field of island-arc volcanic rocks, in consistency with the projection of data points of continental marginal volcanic rocks in the southern segment of the South Lancangjiang Belt and the North Lancangjiang Belt. This continental marginal arc volcanic rock belt, together with the ocean-ridge and ocean-island volcanic rocks and ophiolites in the Changning-Menglian Belt, constitute the ocean-ridge volcanic rock, ophiolite-arc rock-magmatic rock belts which are distributed in pairs, indicating that the Lancangjiang oceanic crust subducted eastwards. This result is of great importance in constraining the evolution of the paleo-Tethys in the Lancangjiang Belt.

The Geochemical Characteristics of Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotope and Analysis of Diagenetic Environment --A Case Study of Upper Permian Changxing Formation Dolostone in Northeast of Sichuan

四川盆地东北部上二叠统长兴组白云岩为重要的优质储层,近年来,长兴组白云岩成岩环境或成因问题成为研究者讨论的热点话题。在岩石学研究的基础上,运用稳定碳、氧同位素,对研究区长兴组白云岩进行综合研究表明,白云石化具有多期次的特点,按照成岩环境划分为蒸发环境下的准同生白云岩和埋藏条件下的早、中、晚期成岩白云岩。并划分为早、中、晚成岩阶段,结合碳、氧同位素分析结果进一步表明晚成岩阶段白云岩是构造热液白云石化的结果。

Facies Analysis and Depositional Environment of Upper Permian Rocks in Darin Section, East-Central Iran

Deposits of Permian rocks in Kalmard Block are recognized with Khan Group, showing various characteristics in different outcrops. This group is made up of three informal formations, namely Chili, Sartakht and Hermez. Upper Permian deposits (Hermez Formation) are composed chiefly of lateritic and carbonate rocks. This formation is composed of 65.5 m lateritic soils, lateritic sandstone, limestone, dolomite and dolomitic limestone in the Darin section. This formation unconformably overlies middle Permian siliciclastic and evaporite deposits (Sartakht Formation), where as it is depicted underlying an erosional unconformity above lateritic deposits of lower Triassic (Sorkh Shale Formation). According to lithologic and microscopic investigations, the deposits of Hermez Formation can be divided into 1 siliciclastic petrofacies and 14 carbonate microfacies. Field observations, along with microscopic examinations, have resulted in identifying tidal flat, lagoon, shoal and open marine environments in the rocks of the studied formation. Vertical changes of microfacies and depth variation curve point to the high thickness of the microfacies of lagoon, tidal flat and shoal environments and low thickness of open marine microfacies. Hermez Formation rocks in Darin section are deposited in a low-angle homoclinal ramp, mostly in the inner ramp, located in the southern Paleo-Tethys Ocean.

Ufadendron elongatum sp. nov., an Angaran Lycopsid from the Upper Permian of Inner Mongolia, China

A new species Ufadendron elongatum sp.nov.,attributed to the family Tomiodendraceae Naugolnykh,is represented by two well-preserved stems in the collection under study.This new species was recently discovered from the Upper Permian Linxi Formation in the Jalaid locality,the Inner Mongolia Autonomous region,China.The genus Ufadendron is characterized as having the long fusiform leaf cushions,with small and rounded leaf scar containing a central point-like scar which is situated at the upper part of leaf cushion;the infrafoliar bladder of fusiform shape positioned in the middle part of leaf cushion;the wings and heel well-developed in the lateral parts and the lower part of leaf cushion,respectively.The new species is different from the type species U.ufaense(Naugolnykh 2014)collected from the Lower Permian of the Cis-Urals,western limits of Angaraland,in the elongated leaf cushion and in the well-pronounced heel.It should be noted,that a vascular bundle(conductive strand)occupied the middle part of the central point-like scar.So far,only 5 genera of Angaran elements among lycopsids have been discovered in the region geographically belonging to Angaran Realm(Phytogeoprovince)in China.The new species U.elongatum not only enlarges our knowledge on the taxonomy of Tomiodendraceae lycopsids,and also provides an opportunity to understand the difference between Angaran and Cathaysian floras in paleoclimatic context.

Discovery of the Upper Permian series in Cuoqin Basin,Xizang (Tibet) and its geological significance

During the field work,one assumption has been made according to the lithologic,especially the paleotogic characteristics observed. The assumption is that the Upper Permian series should exist in Aduogabu which is in Xiadong Town, Gaize County, Tibet. This assumption was verified by the results of paleontologic identification. Accordingly it can be concluded

A new species of Lepidopteris discovered from the Upper Permian of China with its stratigraphic and biologic implications

A new species Lepidopteris baodensis sp.nov.belonging to the family Peltaspermaceae and represented by two ultimate pinnae in the collection under study,was recently discovered at the Baijiagou of Baode,Shanxi,China,from the Upper Permian Sunjiagou Formation.The lower surface of the ultimate rachis,the midrib and secondary veins is covered with triangular,trapezoid,rounded,or ligulate subepidermal swellings,which show different natures from intercalary pinnules.Lepidopteris is one of typical elements of the Late Permian Euramerican flora.Since Schimper erected the genus Lepidopteris in 1869,the entire epidermal structure of subepidermal swellings had been unclear.The new species L.baodensis clearly showing the distinguished epidermal structure of subepidermal swellings,not only enlarges and supplements our knowledge in biology and taxonomy of Lepidopteris as well as the Upper Permian stratigraphy of China,but also provides an opportunity to understand the relationship between Euramerican floras and Cathaysian floras in paleoclimatic,paleoenvironmental and paleogeographic context.

Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Upper Permian Changxing Stage in the Middle and Upper Yangtze Region,China

Based on the petrological study,according to single factor analysis and multifactor comprehensive mapping method,the quantitative lithofacies palaeogeography of the Upper Permian Changxing Stage of the Middle and Upper Yangtze Region was studied.The Changxing Stage in the Middle and Upper Yangtze Region is mainly composed of carbonate rocks;in addition,clastic and siliceous rocks occur with rare coals and pyroclastic rocks.Lithofacies can be divided into five types,including clastic rock assemblage,clastic rock-limestone assemblage,limestone assemblage,limestone-siliceous rock assemblage,and siliceous rock-clastic rock assemblage.Four fundamental ecological types and five fossil assemblages were recognized in the Changxing Stage.On the basis of the petrological and palaeoecological study,eight single factors were chosen including thickness,content of marine rocks,content of shallow water carbonate rocks,content of bioclasts with limemud matrix,content of bioclasts with sparry cement,distribution of reefs,content of thin bedded siliceous rocks and content of deep water sedimentary rocks.And eight single factor maps and one lithofacies paleogeographic map of the Changxing Stage were compiled.Paleoenvironments from west to east include an erosional area,fluvial plain,clastic platform,carbonate platform and reefs that developed there,slope and basin,low energy organic banks,and high energy organic banks.Sedimentary environments have an obvious control on the development of the source rocks,and the excellent source rocks are developed in the Dalong Formation.Changxing Stage reservoirs should be dominated by the reef and platform surrounding the GuangyuanLiangping Basin rim area,and is the most favorable exploration area of the reef petroleum reservoirs of the Changxing Formation.

Carbon Isotopic Evolution Characteristics and the Geological Significance of the Permian Carbonate Stratotype Section in the Northern Upper-Yangtze Region, Southern China

The Permian global mass extinction events and the eruption of the Emeishan flood basalts in the Upper Yangtze region should display certain responses during the evolution of carbon isotope. In this paper, the Permian carbon isotopic evolution in the Upper Yangtze region is examined through systematic stratotype section sampling and determination of 13 C in the northern Upper-Yangtze regions and Southern China. Additionally, the carbon isotopic evolution response characteristics of the geological events in the region are evaluated, comparing the sea-level changes in the Upper Yangtze region and the global sea-level change curves. Results of this study indicated that the carbon isotopic curves of the Permian in the Upper Yangtze region are characterized by higher background carbonisotope baseline values, with three distinct negative excursions, which are located at the Middle–Late Permian boundary and the late period and end of the Late Permian. The three distinct negative excursions provide an insightful record of the global Permian mass extinction events and the eruption of the Emeishan flood basalts in the Upper Yangtze region. The first negative excursion at the Middle–Late Permian boundary reflected the eruption of the Emeishan flood basalts, a decrease in sea level, and biological extinction events of different genera in varying degrees. The second negative excursion in the Late Permian included a decrease in sea level and large-scale biological replacement events. The third negative excursion of the carbon isotope at the end of the Permian corresponded unusually to a rise rather than a decrease in sea level, and it revealed the largest biological mass extinction event in history.

Sequence Boundary and Sea Level Changes in Western Margin of Upper Yangtze Platform during Permian and Triassic

During Permian and Triassic the western margin of Upper Yangtze platform had experienced an evolution from early rift stage to thermal subsidence and then to foreland basin. The tectonic transformations have resulted in five supersequences and nineteen third-order se- quences.During the rift stage,transgeressive carbonate platform was built up,while in the thermal subsidence stage,regressive carbonate platform with foreslope was formed.The closure of the Garze-Litang narrow oceanic basin resulted in the migration of foreland flexure toward the ctaton.The carbonate ramp in foreland basin setting was formed during the relative sea level rise which was caused by the change in basin volume.

川东红星地区中上二叠统页岩气勘探成果及方向展望

基于构造、岩心、测井等资料,采用电镜扫描、低温N2吸附实验、高压压汞实验、盆地模拟等手段,系统分析了川东红星地区中上二叠统页岩的沉积演化、储层特征及页岩气富集模式,明确了勘探有利区,总结了勘探成果及意义。研究结果表明:(1)红星地区中上二叠统的沉积演化表现为:栖霞组—茅口组三段为开阔台地相;茅四段底部为台地-陆棚相,相带变化快,茅四段顶部为斜坡-陆棚相,地层被剥蚀、南厚北薄;吴家坪组一段(吴一段)底部为海陆过渡滨岸沼泽-潟湖相,吴一段顶部为台地-斜坡-陆棚相,斜坡-陆棚相带分布范围小、相变快;吴二段为斜坡-陆棚相沉积,从早至晚依次受控于古气候、火山活动和古气候、火山活动,沉积中—晚期古生产力较高,TOC均值大于8.00%。(2)研究区茅四段及吴二段陆棚相区发育2套优质页岩,具有“高有机碳-高灰质”的特征,富有机质页岩厚度分别为19 m和25 m,孔隙类型以有机孔为主,结构以微孔和介孔为主;富碳凝灰岩薄夹层混合质页岩岩相、高碳凝灰岩薄夹层硅质页岩为优质岩相,孔隙度分别为6.27%和6.43%,TOC值分别为10.11%和9.35%,含气饱和度分别为92.59%和91.81%,脆性指数分别为55.24%和61.19%,是地质和工程的双“甜点”段。(3)研究区二叠系广泛发育的层状藻为主要有机质来源;在侏罗纪主排烃期,其构造稳定、二叠系烃源岩排烃较少,中侏罗纪—早白垩纪早期为主生气期,构造活动较弱,页岩气的保存条件好,现今已完成生气过程,处于成熟—过成熟阶段,Ro值约2.1%,勘探潜力巨大。(4)建南、龙驹坝、三星区块为有利勘探区,其中建南区块潜力最大;茅四段(3)小层及吴二段(3)小层为优质层系的靶窗层段。

筠连地区上二叠统乐平组层序地层及沉积相研究

四川南部筠连地区乐平组煤层气资源储量大,勘探程度总体较低,制约了煤及煤系气资源的开采。煤层聚集、砂岩储层展布受控于沉积相及层序地层格架控制。为探究研究区内煤层发育特征及煤层聚集的沉积控因,以钻井和岩心资料为基础,利用层序地层学原理,识别出区内乐平组发育的Ⅲ级层序界面并划分层序,构建层序地层格架;厘清研究区含煤地层名称;利用岩相标志及测井响应特征进行地层对比、单井沉积相划分及连井沉积相对比,明确沉积相在各层序内的发育特征。结果表明,研究区乐平组共存在四个层序界面,依据四个层序界面划分出三个Ⅲ级层序。以测井响应特征为主体,共识别出两类沉积相,五类沉积亚相及九类沉积微相。第一层序(SQ1)和第二层序(SQ2)主要发育河流相,第三层序(SQ3)发育潮坪相。在剖面上,整体表现为由河流相至潮坪相的演化特征;自西向东体现为河流-潮坪-潟湖相的演化趋势。

准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷西斜坡上乌尔禾组油藏成藏模式新认识

2018年,在精细刻画古地貌的基础上划分准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷上二叠统上乌尔禾组沉积相,以“沟槽控砂、相控储集层”的成藏模式部署上钻沙探1井首获突破。但由于沉积相和储集层研究不足,沙探1井钻遇的储集层规模未达预期,成藏模式还需要进一步完善。因此,利用地震、录井、测井、岩心和地球化学等资料对沙湾凹陷上乌尔禾组沉积相和储集层特征进行系统研究。结果表明:沙湾凹陷发育小拐扇和沙门子扇2个沉积体系,沙门子扇规模更大,发育退覆式扇三角洲沉积相;上乌尔禾组从下至上分为3段,其中,乌二段薄砂层、乌一段上砂组下部和下砂组上部砂砾岩为主要的储集体;上乌尔禾组发育孔隙-裂缝双重介质型储集层;通源断裂为油气输送提供优势通道。建立了“断裂通源、扇控储集层、裂缝控产”成藏模式,发现了沙湾凹陷西斜坡断层-岩性油藏和断层-地层油藏,拓展了上乌尔禾组的油气勘探领域。

准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷二叠系上乌尔禾组流体相态及油气藏类型

准噶尔盆地腹部地区沙湾凹陷超深层蕴含丰富的油气资源。根据烃源岩热演化模拟实验分析了沙湾凹陷二叠系上乌尔禾组烃源岩生烃产物类型,结合地层流体高温高压物性实验数据,运用相图判别法和经验参数法对沙湾凹陷征10井地层流体相态进行深入研究。研究结果表明:①沙湾凹陷征10井上乌尔禾组油气主要来自于下乌尔禾组泥质烃源岩,其有机质类型为Ⅱ1型,镜质体反射率(Ro)为1.05%~1.46%,岩石热解峰温(T_(max))为433~446℃,处于成熟—高成熟演化阶段,目前处于生轻质油阶段。②上乌尔禾组地层流体成分表现为凝析气藏的流体组成,地层温度为166.0℃,介于临界温度和临界凝析温度之间,地层压力为155MPa,远高于露点压力,地-露压差大,表明地层条件下流体呈凝析气相特征,但地下油气相态与地表采出流体相态具有一定差异。相图判别法和经验参数法烃类流体相态分析结果均显示,征10井上乌尔禾组气藏为含大油环的凝析气藏。③沙湾凹陷上乌尔禾组具有优越的成藏条件,紧邻下乌尔禾组烃源岩,油气近源垂向输导,向局部隆起区运聚,巨厚的三叠系及上乌尔禾组中上部区域盖层起到重要的封盖作用,最终在局部隆起区形成岩性-构造凝析气藏。

鄂西—渝东地区上二叠统大隆组页岩气富集条件与勘探有利区

近年来,鄂西—渝东地区多口井在二叠系大隆组获得页岩气重要发现和工业气流,展现出新层系海相页岩气良好的勘探开发前景,深化其地质认识对于指导下一步页岩气勘探具有重要意义。为此,基于岩心观察、薄片及扫描电镜观察、测/录井和有机地球化学数据分析,系统研究了该地区页岩沉积特征、储层特征、有机地球化学特征、含气性和保存条件,明确了大隆组海相页岩气勘探有利区。研究结果表明:①晚二叠世大隆期,该区发育深水台盆相沉积,富有机质页岩发育厚度10~60 m,现今埋深具有盆内埋深大、盆外埋深浅的特征;②大隆组自下而上划分为3段,一段以硅质页岩为主,二段岩性较为复杂,三段以混合质页岩为主,测井响应上表现为高自然伽马、高补偿中子、高声波时差、低电阻率、低密度、电阻率向底部逐渐降低的“三高两低一降”特征;③大隆组页岩脆性矿物以石英和方解石为主,平均值分别为40.58%和23.76%,储集空间分为孔隙(有机质孔、矿物颗粒间孔、粒间溶蚀孔、粒内溶蚀孔)和裂缝(矿物层间缝、有机质与矿物间缝、有机质内裂缝)2大类7种类型,以有机质孔为主,孔径分布呈现“四峰”特征,孔体积集中介于1~10 nm和500~5000 nm两个孔径区间;④大隆组有机质丰度高、储层非均质性强、热演化程度高、有机质类型以Ⅱ1型为主、Ⅱ2型为辅,有机质孔发育;⑤大隆组页岩具有较高的含气量,良好的顶底板条件发挥了重要的封闭作用;盆内受构造抬升剥蚀和断裂影响小,保存条件整体较好,盆外残留向斜核部保存条件较好。结论认为:①大隆组是四川盆地页岩气勘探的新领域,在盆地内发育5个勘探有利区,面积合计5500 km^(2),可加快勘探评价节奏;②在盆外发育7个勘探有利区,面积合计6700 km^(2),应优选残留面积大的有利区开展风险勘探,寻找新的突破和发现。

准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷二叠系上乌尔禾组油气勘探突破与启示

准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷康探1井区二叠系上乌尔禾组亿吨级储量的落实,展现了阜康凹陷深层油气良好的成藏条件和巨大的勘探潜力。为总结阜康凹陷上乌尔禾组的勘探经验与理论认识,指导其他富烃凹陷碎屑岩领域下凹勘探,依托井资料、储集层岩石薄片、孔渗分析以及试油资料等,对阜康凹陷上乌尔禾组下凹勘探突破进行系统分析。阜康凹陷周缘凸起带和斜坡区油气主体为烃源岩成熟阶段早期的产物,烃源岩高熟油气主要富集在凹陷区;阜康凹陷上乌尔禾组受沉积期古地貌的控制,发育退覆式沉积低位域砂体,形成了古凹槽区叠置连片规模储集体;凹陷区普遍存在超压,有利于深埋砂岩原生孔隙的保存,还有助于微裂缝的形成,提高储集层渗流能力,增加深埋储集层的有效性。阜康凹陷上乌尔禾组受到芦草沟组烃源岩晚期高熟油气的充注、退覆式沉积的规模成砂以及超压作用的保孔增渗,具备规模增储的勘探潜力。

鹤峰地区中上二叠统海相页岩储层非均质性特征——以HD1井为例

以鹤峰地区参数井HD1井为例,通过有机地球化学测试、全岩矿物X衍射、扫描电镜、高压压汞、等温吸附以及现场解吸等实验分析,对湘鄂西褶冲带鹤峰地区中上二叠统孤峰组—大隆组海相页岩的非均质性展开了系统分析。结果表明:中上二叠统孤峰组—大隆组海相页岩主要发育硅质、混合质、钙质和黏土质4类页岩岩相。受岩石相控制,不同岩相的宏观构造裂缝线密度差异较大,且发育不同类型、不同尺度的微观孔缝结构。位于孤峰组和大隆组下部的硅质页岩相有机碳含量高,具有较大的比表面积和总孔体积。渗透率参数指标极差、突进系数和变异系数显示大隆组混合质页岩相和钙质页岩相的层内非均质性较弱,硅质页岩相的层内非均质性强;下窑组和孤峰组不同类型岩相均表现出较强的层内非均质性特征。孤峰组—大隆组页岩生气能力和储集能力的非均质性致使不同类型岩相含气性亦具有较强的非均质性。总体上,有机碳含量高,脆性矿物、宏观裂缝、微观有机孔及矿物内部微裂隙较发育,储集物性好、解吸气含量高的层段均位于孤峰组和大隆组下部的硅质页岩相。

沙湾凹陷砂砾岩沸石胶结物与碎屑颗粒粘结差异成因分析

通过岩石薄片、扫描电镜、能谱分析等微观实验,对准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷二叠系砂砾岩储集层中沸石胶结物类型及特征进行了分析,明确了沸石胶结物与碎屑颗粒粘结差异的机理。结果表明:上二叠统上乌尔禾组储集层中,塑性岩屑变形及偏碱性地层水使得浊沸石与碎屑颗粒的粘结性较强;下二叠统风城组储集层浊沸石在异常高压、酸性流体等条件下,与碎屑颗粒粘结程度低,而片沸石由于其晶体特征,与碎屑颗粒的粘结程度较高;上乌尔禾组和风城组储集层中沸石胶结物与碎屑颗粒粘结差异主要与岩石成分、异常压力、矿物类型、晶体结构及后期成岩流体改造程度有关。