Formation Mechanisms and Geomorphic Evolution of the Erlian Mudflow Fans, Eastern Guide Basin of the Upper Reaches of Yellow River

Several argillaceous platforms lie along the Yellow River（YR） of the eastern Guide Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, and their compositions, formation processes, and geomorphic evolution remain debated. Using field survey data, sample testing, and high-resolution remote sensing images, the evolution of the Erlian mudflow fans are analyzed. The data show significant differences between fans on either side of the YR. On the right bank, fans are dilute debris flows consisting of sand and gravel. On the left bank, fans are viscosity mudflows consisting of red clay. The composition and formation processes of the left bank platforms indicate a rainfall-induced pluvial landscape. Fan evolution can be divided into two stages： early-stage fans pre-date 16 ka B.P., and formed during the last deglaciation; late-stage fans post-date 8 ka B.P.. Both stages were induced by climate change. The data indicate that during the Last Glacial Maximum, the northeastern Tibetan Plateau experienced a cold and humid climate characterized by high rainfall. From 16–8 ka, the YR cut through the Erlian early mudflow fan, resulting in extensive erosion. Since 8 ka, the river channel has migrated south by at least 1.25 km, and late stage mudflow fan formation has occurred.

Exploring Regional Ecological Cultures in the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River in the Ming and Qing Dynasties from the Perspective of "Top Eight Views"

By studying typical "Top Eight Views" in cities like Xining,Lanzhou and Yinchuan in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,mountain and water landscapes in the study area were analyzed in terms of natural ecology;bridges,canals,ferries,pavilions,mansions,towers,temples,historical sites,production and living landscapes were analyzed in terms of humanistic ecology.On this basis,"Top Eight Views" in the upper reaches of the Yellow River were compared and the following conclusions obtained:mountain landscapes were distributed in the whole region,waterscapes unevenly valued in different cities,bridges,canals and ferries mostly located in Ningxia,temples commonly found in all cities,garden arts introduced into cities,traditional cultures carried forward by historical relics.Then the relationship between "Top Eight Views" and regional eco-cultures was analyzed,and it was proposed that humanistic and cultural connotations of these "Top Eight Views" contributed a lot to beautifying urban environment,satisfying needs of the locals' spiritual life,carrying forward local history and culture,enriching urban cultural connotations,expanding living spaces of local residents and improving integrated functions of cities."Top Eight Views" culture complied with the construction gist of urban ecological cultures,and was of great referential value for the construction of urban ecological cultures in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,and also the healthy,scientific and sustainable development of local cities.

Landslide Developmental Characteristics and Response to Climate Change since the Last Glacial in the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River, NE Tibetan Plateau

The upper reaches of the Yellow River in northeastern Tibetan Plateau are geohazards areas.The evolution of the Yellow River,chronology of some landslides,and spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of super large scale and giant landslides within the region are summarized using paleoclimate evidence,and the relationship between the intensive landslide period and climatic changes since the Last Glacial period is analyzed.It is concluded that （1） Super large scale and giant landslides are distributed widely within the region,particularly in the Qunke-Jianzha basin.（2） The chronological sequence of landslides is established by dating the slip zones of landslides and analyzing the relations between landslides and their overlying or underlying loess formations.Five landslide development periods are determined：53-49 ka BP,33-24 ka BP,10-8 ka BP,5-3.5 ka BP,and the present.（3） These correspond closely to warm and wet periods during the last 100,000 years,i.e.,two weak paleosol development stages of Malan loess deposited during the last Glacial period in the Chinese loess Plateau,L1-4 and L1-2 that belong to the marine oxygen isotope stage 3,the last deglaeial period,the Holocene Optimum,and the modern global warming period.（4） Landslide triggers may be closely linked to warm and wet periods related to rapid climatic transitions.

Tree-ring-based reconstruction of temperature variability(1445–2011) for the upper reaches of the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China

Long-term temperature variability has significant effects on runoff into the upper reaches of inland rivers. This paper developed a tree-ring chronology of Qilian juniper (Sabina przewalskii Kom.) from the upper tree-line of the middle Qilian Mountains within the upper reaches of Heihe River Basin, Northwest China for a long-term reconstruction of temperature at the study site. In this paper, tree-ring chronology was used to examine climate-growth associations considering local climate data obtained from Qilian Meteorological Station. The results showed that temperatures correlated extremely well with standardized growth indices of trees (r=0.564, P<0.001). Tree-ring chronology was highest correlated with annual mean temperature (r=0.641, P<0.0001). Annual mean temperature which spans the period of 1445–2011 was reconstructed and explained 57.8% of the inter-annual to decadal temperature variance at the regional scale for the period 1961–2011. Spatial correlation patterns revealed that reconstructed temperature data and gridded temperature data had a significant correlation on a regional scale, indicating that the reconstruction represents climatic variations for an extended area surrounding the sampling sites. Analysis of the temperature reconstruction indicated that major cold periods occurred during the periods of 1450s–1480s, 1590s–1770s, 1810s–1890s, 1920s–1940s, and 1960s–1970s. Warm intervals occurred during 1490s–1580s, 1780s–1800s, 1900s–1910s, 1950s, and 1980s to present. The coldest 100-year and decadal periods occurred from 1490s–1580s and 1780s–1800s, respectively, while the warmest 100 years within the studied time period was the 20th century. Colder events and intervals coincided with wet or moist conditions in and near the study region. The reconstructed temperature agreed well with other temperature series reconstructed across the surrounding areas, demonstrating that this reconstructed temperature could be used to evaluate regional climate change. Compared to the tree-ring reconstructed temperature from nearby regions and records of glacier fluctuations from the surrounding high mountains, this reconstruction was reliable, and could aid in the evaluation of regional climate variability. Spectral analyses suggested that the reconstructed annual mean temperature variation may be related to large-scale atmospheric–oceanic variability such as the solar activity, Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation (ENSO).

Farm Production Growth in the Upper and Middle Parts of the Yellow River Basin,China,During 1980-1999

The impact of inputs on farm production growth was evaluated by analyzing the economic data of the upper and middle parts of the Yellow River basin, China for the period of 1980-1999. Descriptive statistics were employed to characterize the temporal trends and spatial patterns in farm production and five pertinent inputs of cultivated cropland, irrigation ratio, agricultural labor, machinery power and chemical fertilizer. Stochastic frontier production function was applied to quantify the dependence of the farm production on these inputs. The growth of farm production was decomposed to reflect the contributions by input growths and change in total factor productivity.. The change in total factor productivity was further decomposed into the changes in technology and in technical efficiency. The gross value of farm production in the region of study increased by 1.6 fold during 1980-1999. Among the five selected farm inputs, machinery power and chemical fertilizer increased by 1.8 and 2.8 fold, respectively. The increases in cultivated cropland, irrigated cropland, and agricultural labor were all less than 0.16 fold. The growth in the farm production was primarily contributed by the increase in the total factor productivity during 1980-1985, and by input growths after 1985. More than 80% of the contributions by input growths were attributed to the increased application of fertilizer and machinery. In the change of total factor productivity, the technology change dominated over the technical efficiency change in the study period except in the period of 1985-1990, implying that institution and investment played important roles in farm production growth. There was a decreasing trend in the technical efficiency in the region of study, indicating a potential to increase farm production by improving the technical efficiency in farm activities. Given the limited natural resources in the basin, the results of this study suggested that, for a sustainable growth of farm production in the area, efforts should be directed to technology progress and improvement in technical efficiency in the use of available resources.

Capability of TMPA products to simulate streamflow in upper Yellow and Yangtze River basins on Tibetan Plateau

Due to the high elevation, complex terrain, severe weather, and inaccessibility, direct meteorological observations do not exist over large portions of the Tibetan Plateau, especially the western part of it. Satellite rainfall estimates have been very important sources for precipitation information, particularly in rain gauge-sparse regions. In this study, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission （TRMM） Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis （TMPA） products 3B42, RTV5V6, and RTV7 were evaluated for their applicability to the upper Yellow and Yangtze River basins on the Tibetan Plateau. Moreover, the capability of the TMPA products to simulate streamflow was also investigated using the Variable Infiltration Capacity （VIC） semi-distributed hydrological model. Results show that 3B42 performs better than RTVSV6 and RTV7, based on verification of the China Meteorological Administration （CMA） observational precipitation data. RTVSV6 can roughly capture the spatial precipitation pattern but overestimation exists throughout the entire study region. The anticipated improvements of RTV7 relative to RTVSV6 have not been realized in this study. Our results suggest that RTV7 significantly overestimates the precipitation over the two river basins, though it can capture the seasonal cycle features of precipitation. 3B42 shows the best performance in streamflow simulation of the abovementioned satellite products. Although involved in gauge adjustment at a monthly scale, 3B42 is capable of daily streamflow simulation. RTV5V6 and RTV7 have no capability to simulate streamflow in the upper Yellow and Yangtze River basins.

STUDIES ON TERRACES AND RIVER SYSTEM CHANGES OF THE UPPER YELLOW RIVER

There are seven steps of terrace both in the Guide basin and Gonghe basin along the Yellow River. More close to the source, less the steps of terrace. Three ancient terraces are found in Gonghe basin. The upper reaches of the Yellow River was joined up by a series of stream captures at different periods of time, the ancient Yellow River linked up the Gonghe basin and Guide basin at the end of the middle Pleistocene, the Longyangxia gorge developed around 60 Ka.B.P., and the gorge between Maqu and Tangnag developed around 20 Ka.B.P.

Effects of grassland vegetation roots on soil infiltration rate in Xiazangtan super large scale landslide distribution area in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,China

In order to study the infiltration characteristics of grassland soil in the super large scale landslides distribution area in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,this study selected the Xiazangtan super large scale distribution area in Jianzha County as the study area.Through experiments and numerical simulations,plant roots characteristics,soil physical properties and infiltration characteristics of naturally grazed grassland and enclosed grassland with different slope directions were compared and analyzed,and the influence of rainfall on seepage field and stability of the two grassland slopes were discussed.The results show that the highest soil moisture infiltration capacity(FIR)is found on the shady slope of the enclosed grassland(2.25),followed by the sunny slope of the enclosed grassland(1.23)and the shady slope of the naturally grazed grassland(-0.87).Correlation analysis show that soil water content,root dry weight density,total soil porosity,number of forks and root length are positively correlated with infiltration rate(P<0.05),whereas soil dry density is negatively correlated with infiltration rate(P<0.05).The results of stepwise regression analyses show that soil water content,total soil porosity,root length and number of forks are the main factors affecting soil infiltration capacity.And the ability of roots to increase soil infiltration by improving soil properties is higher than the effect of roots itself.After 60 min of simulated rainfall,the safety factors of the shady slopes of naturally grazed grassland and enclosed grassland are reduced by 29.56%and 19.63%,respectively,comparing to those before rainfall.Therefore,in this study,the roots play a crucial role in regulating soil infiltration and enhance slope stability by increasing soil water content,soil total porosity and shear strength while decreasing soil dry density.The results of this study provide theoretical evidence and practical guidance for the effective prevention and control of secondary geological disasters such as soil erosion and shallow landslide on the slope of river banks in the study area by using plant ecological measures.

Geomorphological and environmental evolution in the upper reaches of the Yellow River during the late Cenozoic

Studies of the geomorphology and stratigraphy in the upper reaches of the Yellow River during the late Cenozoic demonstrate that the period of 30 - 3.4 Ma is characterized by a relatively stable tectonic setting, a persistently hot climate and a wide distribution of inland basins. This long-term stable environment resulted in a planation surface, the main surface on the Qinghai-Xizang (Qingzang) Plateau, on which red earth crust and karst arc formed. Since 3.4 Ma, the Qingzang Plateau was 'uplifted as a whole massif, accompanied by the dissection and disintegration of the main surface, termination of deposition and deformation of stratigraphy in red basins, increasing relief and commencing accumulation of inland molasse formation mainly of conglomerate. Subsequent strong uplift of the Qingzang Plateau at 2.5 Ma and 1.7-1.66 Ma led to cormation of the basic geomorphological configuration of the Qingzang Plateau and occurrence of the Yellow River. These three strong uplifts of the Qingzang Plateau between 3.4 Ma and 1.7 -1.66 Ma was, therefore, named the Qingzang movement and divided correspondingly into three phases A. B and C. After the appearance of the Yellow River, the Qingzang Plateau continued uplifting intermittently, resulting in 8 valley terraces dated to 1.63. 1.5, 1.2. 0.8, 0.6, 0.15. 0.05. and 0.01 Ma. which also record the whole process of headward erosion of the Yellow River.

Calculation method for sediment load in flood and non-flood seasons in the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River

Based on an empirical sediment transport equation that reflects the characteristics of ＂more input, more output＂ for sediment-laden flow in rivers, a general sediment transport expression was developed, which can take into account the effects of upstream sediment input, previous cumulative sediment deposition, critical runoff for sediment initiation, and the differences in sediment particle sizes between the mainstream and tributaries. Then, sedi- ment load equations for non-flood and flood seasons for the sub-reaches from Bayangaole to Sanhuhekou and from Sanhuhekou to Toudaoguai, as well as the whole Inner Mongolia reach from Bayangaole to Toudaoguai, were formulated based on data collected between 1952 and 2010. The corresponding sediment deposition and the cumulative values at each river reach were calculated using the proposed sediment transport equations for the period 1952 to 2010 according to the principle of sediment conservation. Comparisons between the calculated and measured values using the proposed sediment load equations for the sub-reaches and the entire reach showed that the calculated sediment load and sediment deposition and the cor- responding cumulative values in the flood and non-flood seasons were in good agreement with the measured values. These results indicated that the proposed methods can be applied to calculate the sediment load and the associated sediment deposition in the flood and non-flood seasons for long-term trend analysis of sediment deposition in the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River.

新安江模型敏感参数动态变化规律研究

为了提高新安江模型在变化环境下的模拟精度,揭示模型参数动态变化规律,以淮河上游大坡岭流域为研究区构建分布式新安江模型,采用Spearman相关系数对比分析了模型敏感参数(KC、SM和CS)动态变化与环境因子(降水、气温和归一化植被指数)的变化关系,并建立了回归方程用于未来参数计算。结果表明:参数KC和SM的动态变化反映了研究区域的降水、气温和植被条件变化,而参数CS的动态变化仅反映了年降水总量变化;相较于静态参数,动态参数的模拟结果精度显著提高,径流深相对误差均值从21.3%降低到9.1%,纳什效率系数均值从0.75提高到0.81,动态参数比静态参数更适用于当前变化的环境。

甘肃积石山强震诱发同震滑坡-泥流灾害链联动耦合致灾效应

近年来黄土区强震和极端天气诱发的典型滑坡-泥流灾害链事件呈多发态势,链式地质灾害较单一灾害隐蔽性更强、波及范围更大、破坏程度更高、损失更严重,因此链式地质灾害防控研究一直是防灾减灾的热点和难点。2023年12月18日23时59分,甘肃省临夏州积石山县发生Ms 6.2级地震,震源深度10 km,已造成151人死亡。此次强震诱发青海省民和县中川乡草滩村—金田村滑坡-泥流链式灾害,共造成20人死亡,灾害链致死率占地震遇难总人数的13.5%。灾后通过遥感影像处理解译、文献资料整理甄别、无人机摄影航测、野外详细勘查访问、现场采样分析测试等手段方法,对滑坡-泥流链式灾害开展了较全面系统研究,恢复和重现滑坡-泥流灾害链的启动-滑动-流动-堆积过程,探讨提出“滑源区地表冻结阻隔滞水效应、滑源区沟谷整平回填滞水效应、滑源区台地灌溉渗流饱水效应、滑源区振动液化筛选启动效应、滑源区漏斗收口增速启动效应、流通区土体差异流动分选效应、流通区沟岸坍塌补给增流效应、流通区沟底冰封饱水加速效应、堆积区上游渗水补给增程效应”等9大联动耦合致灾效应。该研究可为链式地质灾害的形成机理与防控提供科学参考。

浑河清原流域地表水中多环芳烃污染特征及源解析

以浑河清原流域为对象,研究了16种多环芳烃(PAHs)化合物的质量浓度、组成、分布等污染特性,并利用特征比值法对其污染来源进行分析。研究结果表明:浑河上游清原段地表水中总PAHs质量浓度为176.49~4899.83 ng·L^(-1),总PAHs质量浓度平均值为953.51 ng·L^(-1);3环和4环PAHs为各采样点PAHs的主要组分;该流域PAHs污染的主要来源为生物质和煤的燃烧,这一结果与当地的生产生活实际相符。

基于CMIP6耦合WRF的黄河上游复合干旱热浪事件演变规律

复合干旱热浪事件较传统极端气候事件破坏性更强,近年来在全球范围内发展迅速,黄河上游作为气候敏感区受其影响尤其突出,刻画其特征并分析未来可能气候条件下的演变趋势对事件防控有重要意义。本文提出了一种基于第六次国际耦合模式比较计划CMIP6耦合天气预报研究模式WRF的未来气象数据动力降尺度方法。识别了黄河上游不同情景下的复合干旱热浪事件及其特征,揭示了复合事件与单一事件的区别,分析了复合干旱热浪事件的未来演变规律。结果表明:(1)历史期、SSP245和SSP585情景下复合干旱热浪事件较单一事件的温度升高3.8%、13.1%、13.5%,干旱指数降低5.8%、2.6%、2.6%,极端特征更加显著。(2)SSP245情景下复合干旱热浪事件特征呈西南高、东北低的空间分布形式,而在SSP585情景下以北部、东部区域分布最高。(3)未来各情景下区域整体复合干旱热浪事件特征呈显著上升趋势,其中SSP585的上升趋势高于SSP245。

近60a黄河上游流域不同强度降水及大气湿润指数变化的新特征

深入研究黄河上游流域降水及大气湿润度旨在为其生态环境保护提供科学依据。选用1961-2020年黄河上游流域36个测站降水、气压、气温、风速、相对湿度等资料,采用最小二乘法、Mann-Kendall突变检验和相关分析等方法,分析了黄河上游流域近60 a不同强度降水量、雨日及大气湿润指数的变化特征。结果表明:(1)黄河上游流域年降水量总体呈现西南多、东北少的特征,近60 a以4.9 mm·(10a)^(-1)的速度增加,尤以夏季增加最显著。(2)除小雨雨日减少外,小雨雨量、中雨雨日、雨量及大-暴雨雨日、雨量均呈增加趋势,其中产流区夏季中雨雨量增加最为显著。(3)黄河上游流域各区域湿润指数均呈现一致的下降趋势,其中源头区下降最多,其突变发生在1989年。(4)随着气候变暖,黄河上游流域潜在蒸散量增加的速率比降水增加的速率大,进而造成空气中水分散失增加,大气湿润度下降,对植被生长的潜在风险增加。

黄河流域中游3A级及以上山地景区空间特征及形成机制

为了促进区域经济发展、改善黄河流域生态环境质量,基于景区兴趣点(point of interest,POI)数据,采用核密度估计、标准差椭圆、地理联系率和空间叠加分析等方法,探究黄河流域中游170个3A级及以上(以下简称“3A级以上”)山地景区的空间分布特点及影响因素.结果表明:①黄河流域中游3A级以上山地景区集中分布在晋、陕、豫三省,景区密度大.3A级山地景区高密度区主要分布在豫北、豫南、晋东南;4A级山地景区呈向右旋转90°的“Y”型分布;5A级山地景区主要集中在晋、陕、豫交界处,组团状分布,由东北向西南展布.②自然地理环境方面,3A级以上山地景区主要分布在海拔300~1200 m处,坡度为15°~45°,偏南坡.河流水系、植被指数、空气质量对景区分布的影响效果显著.③社会经济环境方面,交通区位、固定资产投资、旅游收入和文化遗产禀赋是景区发展的重要影响因素.

黄河上游高寒沙地生态经济型治沙植物筛选评价

为助推黄河上游高寒区乡村振兴工作,在调查黄河上游沙生植物种质资源的基础上,采用层次分析法,从适应能力、扩繁能力、生态价值和经济价值4个方面确定地带性乡土植物、自然分布海拔、自然分布坡向等21个评价指标,构建黄河上游高寒沙地生态经济型治沙植物筛选层次结构模型,从22种具有经济价值的乡土治沙植物中筛选出沙棘、金露梅、银露梅、变叶海棠、垂穗披碱草、高山羊茅、高山绣线菊和窄叶鲜卑花等8种优良生态经济型治沙植物,为黄河上游高寒沙地植被恢复治沙植物选择提供科学依据。

基于土地利用变化的黄河上游四川段生态系统服务价值评价

[目的]通过定量研究20年间黄河上游四川段土地利用变化与生态系统服务价值的关系,评估该流域段生态综合治理效果,为健全民族区域空间规划、生态环境保护与管理提供依据,助力黄河流域高质量发展。[方法]利用黄河上游四川段2000年、2010年和2020年土地利用数据,基于土地利用动态度、土地利用矩阵分析土地利用变化,并参考中国陆地生态系统单位面积生态系统服务价值当量,对黄河上游四川段生态系统服务价值当量的经济价值进行修正,定量研究黄河上游四川段2000-2020年间土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响。[结果](1)2000-2020年黄河上游四川段林地、荒漠、湿地和水系土地利用面积呈上升趋势,耕地、灌木、草地和冰川积雪呈下降趋势,2010-2020年土地利用变化比2000-2010年更显著;(2)黄河上游四川段2000年、2010年和2020年生态系统服务价值分别为1.27×1010,2.51×1010,3.92×1010元,呈上升趋势,敏感性分析表明分析结果可靠。各土地利用类型中,对生态系统总价值贡献最为显著的地类是草地,2000-2010年和2010-2020年草地生态服务贡献率分别为93.90%和72.90%,其次为湿地和林地;(3)研究区在20年间各单项生态系统服务价值均呈增加趋势,区域生态服务功能的分项价值大小均为调节服务>支持服务>供给服务>文化服务,11个单项功能中起显著服务价值的为气候调节、水文调节、土壤保持和生物多样性,4项之和占总价值比例超过69.50%。黄河上游四川段土地利用变化影响区域生态系统服务价值的变化,其中草地影响最显著,其次为湿地和林地。[结论]研究结果表明20年间生态治理成果逐渐增强,生态环境不断变好。

1951—2020年黄河上中游径流变化特征及归因分析

【目的】河川径流是地表重要的水资源,对其变化特征和原因进行解析,是流域水资源科学管理规划的前提。【方法】本文采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验、Pettitt突变检验、Budyko弹性系数法等方法分析了黄河上游和中游近70年(1951—2020年)径流变化的趋势和成因。【结果】(1)1951—2020年黄河上游年降水量呈不显著增加趋势(4.04 mm/(10 a),P> 0.05),中游呈不显著减少趋势(4.90 mm/(10 a),P> 0.05);上游、中游年潜在蒸散发均呈不显著增加趋势(1.77、2.23 mm/(10 a),P> 0.05);(2)黄河上游和中游1980—2020年土地利用/覆盖变化明显,主要表现在林草面积的增加,上游、中游年NDVI分别以0.025/(10 a)、0.042/(10 a)的速率显著增加(P <0.01);(3)1951—2020年,上游和中游年径流量分别以3.46、7.46 mm/(10 a)的速率显著减少(P <0.01),并分别在1986年、1990年发生突变;(4)上游和中游径流对降水变化最为敏感,其次是土地利用/覆盖变化、潜在蒸散发变化,且径流对各影响因子的敏感性逐年增强,即气候和土地利用/覆盖的变化将更容易引起径流的变化;(5)土地利用/覆盖变化是导致黄河上游和中游径流减少的主要原因,其次是降水和潜在蒸散,但各影响因子对径流变化的影响性质和程度在上游和中游不同区间存在一定的差异。其中,上游地区降水、潜在蒸散发、土地利用/覆盖变化对径流的影响性质和程度分别为-14.04%、1.30%、112.73%;中游地区分别为21.54%、3.63%、74.83%。【结论】1951—2020年黄河上游和中游径流变化是气候变化和土地利用/覆盖变化共同作用的结果,但主要影响因素为人类活动主导的土地利用/覆盖变化,且各因子对径流的影响在不同区间存在一定的差异。本研究结果可为黄河上游和中游不同区间的水资源管理和综合治理提供理论支持。

黄河流域上游煤矿区土地利用类型变化及其对固碳服务的影响

明晰矿区土地利用变化及其对区域碳储量的影响,是“双碳”目标背景下推进矿区低碳减排和绿色高质量发展的重要手段.基于多源数据集,使用InVEST模型、土地利用动态度、转移矩阵、缓冲区分析和灰色关联度等方法,识别了1990-2020年黄河流域上游13个大中型煤矿区的土地利用类型时空变化,评估了不同矿区及其周边不同距离缓冲区的固碳服务能力,并对二者的关联度进行分析,旨在厘清矿区土地利用变化对固碳服务的影响.结果表明:(1)1990-2020年煤矿区土地利用类型主要以草地、未利用地、林地和耕地向城乡工矿居民用地转移为主,城乡工矿居民用地面积以288.8 hm^(2)/a的速度持续扩张.(2)1990-2020年不同时段城乡工矿居民用地的单一动态度均为正值,草地和未利用地则均为负值,其中2010-2015年各土地利用类型的综合动态度均较高,2015-2020年则均相对较低,并且露天开采方式矿区土地利用强度远高于井工开采方式.(3)1990-2020年各矿区内单位面积年固碳量在0.7~4.1 Mg/hm^(2)之间,在时间上呈先下降后升高再下降的趋势,并且在距离矿区50 km范围内,距离越远,平均单位面积年固碳量越高,影响程度逐渐下降.(4)不同土地利用类型与单位面积年固碳量的平均关联度从高到低表现为未利用地>耕地>草地>林地>水体.研究显示,黄河流域上游煤矿区开发过程中未利用地和耕地面积的变化是矿区生态系统固碳服务变化的重要原因.