Formation Mechanisms and Geomorphic Evolution of the Erlian Mudflow Fans, Eastern Guide Basin of the Upper Reaches of Yellow River

Several argillaceous platforms lie along the Yellow River（YR） of the eastern Guide Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, and their compositions, formation processes, and geomorphic evolution remain debated. Using field survey data, sample testing, and high-resolution remote sensing images, the evolution of the Erlian mudflow fans are analyzed. The data show significant differences between fans on either side of the YR. On the right bank, fans are dilute debris flows consisting of sand and gravel. On the left bank, fans are viscosity mudflows consisting of red clay. The composition and formation processes of the left bank platforms indicate a rainfall-induced pluvial landscape. Fan evolution can be divided into two stages： early-stage fans pre-date 16 ka B.P., and formed during the last deglaciation; late-stage fans post-date 8 ka B.P.. Both stages were induced by climate change. The data indicate that during the Last Glacial Maximum, the northeastern Tibetan Plateau experienced a cold and humid climate characterized by high rainfall. From 16–8 ka, the YR cut through the Erlian early mudflow fan, resulting in extensive erosion. Since 8 ka, the river channel has migrated south by at least 1.25 km, and late stage mudflow fan formation has occurred.

Novel Approach to Microbiological Study of Chronic Inflammations at Upper Respiratory Tract: Research of Blood L-Form Microbiota

Background: The recognition of human blood microbiota, consisting of cell wall-deficient microbes (L-forms), is a major challenge today in the field of microbiology. There are accumulating data confirming the concept of “internal” blood L-form microbiota and its significance for health and diseases. Finding out whether the blood microbiota can be of diagnostic and prognostic importance for detection and evaluation of chronic infections anywhere in the body is a major objective. In the context of chronically infected upper respiratory tract (URT), the aim of the current study was to understand whether a local infection can be a source for entry of bacteria and fungi in the blood. Methods: Blood samples from six persons with chronic inflammations in URT diagnosed with hypertrophied adenoids, chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps, chronic naso-pharyngitis and one control healthy person were studied. Blood microbiota assessment methodology that be used, included three phases: 1) isolation of L-form cultures from blood-development and propagation;2) cultivation directed to conversion of L-forms into bacterial and fungal cultures;3) isolation of pure classical bacterial and fungal cultures and their identification by MALDI-TOF method. Results: From the patients were isolated L-forms of opportunistic bacteria (Streptococcus mitis, Roseomonas mucosa, Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis, Enterococcus faecalis, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Pseudomonas putida, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas luteola, Enterobacter cloacae) and fungi such as Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucorales. Conclusion: The novel innovative methodology for assessment of blood L-form microbiota was successfully applied for detection of microbes responsible for chronic infections at URT.

Upper Mantle Heterogeneity in Ore-Forming Elements and Its Bearing on Metallogenesis in Qinling Belt and East China

This paper presents the results of our recent studies on the upper mantle composition in the Qinling Belt and East China . It discusses the methods of estimating the upper mantle composition, its selected elements and its constitution characteristics .The results indicate that ore-forming elements on ore types and their distribution in this area are strongly controlled by the upper mantle heterogeneity .

The Upper Bound of the Moebius Scalar Curvature of Submanifolds in S^n＋p

The most important Moebius invariants in the Moebius differential geometry of submanifolds in S^n＋p are the Moebius metric g, the Moebius second fundamental form B, the Moebius form φ and the Blaschke tensor A. In this paper, we obtain the upper bound of the Moebius scalar curvature of submanifolds with parallel Moebius form in S^n＋p.

Discovery and geological knowledge of the large deep coal-formed Qingyang Gas Field, Ordos Basin, NW China

After 50 years of oil and gas exploration in Longdong area of southwest Ordos Basin,NW China,a deep coal-formed gas field was discovered for the first time in Qingyang area.Through observation of field outcrops and core,analysis of common,cast and cathode thin sections,Ro and other geochemistry indexes,carbon isotope,electron microscope and other supporting tests and analyses,the hydrocarbon generation,reserves formation and reservoir formation characteristics of gas reservoirs at different buried depths in Yishaan slope were examined and compared.The deep gas reservoir has an average buried depth of more than 4200 m,and the main gas-bearing formation is the Member 1 of Lower Permian Shanxi Formation,which is characterized by low porosity,low permeability,low pressure and low abundance.It is believed that hydrocarbon generation in thin seam coal source rocks with high thermal evolution can form large gas fields,high-quality sandstone reservoirs with dissolved pores,intergranular pores and intercrystalline pores can still develop in late diagenetic stage under deep burial depth and high thermal evolution,and fractures improve the permeability of reservoirs.High drying coefficient of natural gas and negative carbon isotope series are typical geochemical characteristics of deep coal-formed gas.The integrated exploration and development method has been innovated,and the economic and effective development mode of gas fields of"dissecting sand body by framework vertical wells,centralized development by horizontal wells"has been formed.The discovery and successful exploration of the large gas field has provided geological basis and technical support for the construction of natural gas fields of 100 billion cubic meter scale in the southwest of the basin,and has important guidance for exploration of coal-derived gas with deep buried depth and high thermal evolution widely distributed in China.

大连梭鱼湾专业足球场罩棚索结构设计

针对似浪花状造型的大连梭鱼湾专业足球场索膜罩棚,提出并设计了一种轮辐式上斜交下径向的双层索网结构。索桁架外侧支承于钢压环,内侧设置索拉环。依据风洞试验和风致雪漂移数值模拟报告,对罩棚结构进行抗风雪、抗温度作用、抗震等计算分析,并对罩棚结构进行初始态找形分析、动力特性分析、结构变形及应力分析、结构整体稳定分析、防连续倒塌分析以及关键节点有限元分析研究。分析结果均满足结构设计控制指标要求,结构设计契合建筑设计理念,结构与建筑协调统一,结构安全、经济、合理。

镁合金上机匣等温精锻工艺的研究

上机匣是某型号直升机的关键零件 ,几何形状复杂 ,锻件尺寸大 ,性能指标要求高 ,成形难度很大 .根据该件的上述特点 ,采用了等温锻造工艺 ,成形温度为 350～ 360℃ .并采用组合的模具结构和局部加载方法等 ,成功地锻制出上机匣锻件 .锻件的力学性能 ,高、低倍组织和尺寸精度均符合要求 .

鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界天然气运移特征及成藏过程分析

运用石油地质动态分析及综合研究方法,以鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界砂泥岩压实特征、古压力恢复、包裹体、成岩作用资料为基础,对上古生界天然气运移的地质背景、天然气运移特征进行详细分析,对储层致密化、古高压异常对天然气运移、成藏的影响等方面进行研究,认为上古生界砂岩致密化发生于中三叠世—晚三叠世,早于大规模油气运移时期,天然气呈连续相运移需要的临界气柱高度远大于砂岩的单层厚度,受压力封存箱的封闭以及封存箱内不均匀分布的高压泥质岩阻隔,天然气难以沿构造上倾方向作大规模运移,主要为就近垂向运移聚集成藏;成藏特征研究显示,只有毛管中值压力平均值小于6.21 MPa、厚度大于4 m以上的优质储层段能够允许天然气成藏,而且气水分布主要受构造部位、储层非均质控制。故此,上古生界气藏主要为致密储层条件下的岩性和构造-岩性气藏类型;根据各时期、各地区、各层段不同的天然气运移、成藏特征,将上古生界压力封存箱划分为非烃源岩和烃源岩两个成藏子系统,前者具自生自储、短距离运移、早期(J2—K1)源内成藏特点,形成原生气藏,而后者属近-远距离运移、晚期(K1—K2,K2末—Q)源外成藏特点。

中国致密砂岩煤成气藏地质特征及成藏过程——以鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界与四川盆地须家河组气藏为例

中国煤系天然气分布受多种因素控制,以鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界与四川盆地须家河组气藏为例,从构造、烃源岩演化、储集层特征、成藏历史等多方面探讨中国煤系天然气的聚集和成藏过程。对比结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界天然气藏与四川盆地上三叠统须家河组天然气藏的成藏地质条件有许多相似之处,两地气藏特征产生差异的主要原因是盆地构造特征和成藏过程不同。鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界天然气成藏过程是气体推动着水体整体向构造高位运移,多种成藏条件共同影响下形成的气水倒置是气藏负压的主要原因。四川盆地须家河组气藏成藏以构造圈闭控制成藏为主,局部发育岩性气藏,气藏异常高压是快速沉积引起的欠压实作用、烃源岩的生烃作用及后期构造挤压共同作用的结果。

川西坳陷T_3成藏主控因素与有利勘探区带分析

分析了川西坳陷上三叠统油气富集、成藏的主控因素 .通过对烃源岩分布与演化、古构造、古隆起的分析以及对裂缝和保存条件等因素的系统研究 ,划分出了有利勘探区带 .结果表明 ,上述因素对上三叠统成藏具有控制作用 ;灌口—平落坝、大兴鼻状隆起、孝泉—丰谷、中坝—鸭子河、老关庙—九龙山构造带为构造圈闭领域有利勘探区带 ;

东濮及邻区上古生界天然气成藏条件分析

东濮及邻区包括南华北盆地、鲁西隆起、渤海湾盆地三大构造单元的各一部分,上古生界为一套海相-海陆过渡相-陆相的含煤地层,具有较好的生、储、盖条件。通过对圈闭类型、形成时间、埋藏史、成烃史及其配置关系的分析,认为东濮凹陷、中牟凹陷具有最好的成藏条件;莘县凹陷、冠县凹陷具有一定的成藏条件;济源凹陷、丘县等凹陷等成藏条件较差。

黄骅坳陷上古生界油气成藏史数值模拟

成藏史数值模拟是通过对成藏温度及成藏诸要素(生、储、盖、运、圈、保)的模拟来研究油气聚集规律,确定成藏主控因素。对黄骅坳陷孔西潜山埋藏史、地热史、生储盖发育史和排烃史的研究表明,上古生界煤系烃源岩主要形成两期油气藏,第一期油气成藏发生在晚侏罗世—早白垩世,该期生烃量有限,成藏规模较小;第二期成藏始于早第三纪且持续至今,是黄骅坳陷的主要成藏期。对上古生界石炭—二叠系成藏条件的综合研究表明,以孔西潜山为代表的黄骅坳陷的成藏主控因素是生、排烃史和构造发育史的匹配以及成藏后的保存条件,次要因素是储集层和盖层条件。

川东北地区上二叠统长兴组生物礁组成及成礁模式

川东北地区在地表露头上目前发现的长兴组生物礁以盘龙洞、通江铁厂河和羊鼓洞生物礁为代表。野外和室内综合研究表明:盘龙洞生物礁发育完好,生长有大量骨架岩,而羊鼓洞生物礁骨架岩几乎不发育,以障积岩为主夹少量粘结岩;盘龙洞骨架间充填物为生物碎屑和砂屑为主,泥晶灰泥很少,而羊鼓洞以生物碎屑和方解石灰泥为主;盘龙洞生物礁普遍发生了白云岩化,而羊鼓洞白云岩化极其微弱。通过盘龙洞与羊鼓洞生物礁对比研究,认为两者非同时形成,羊鼓洞生物礁早于盘龙洞,生物礁有由台地向盆地迁移趋势,其成礁模式为台地边缘礁滩组合型缓坡模式。

厚壁管有芯镦锻成形极限的研究

本文根据厚壁圆管在两端夹持、有芯轴支撑、轴向加载的条件下，视塑性试验流线分布的结果，建立了变形区域的速度场和应变速率场。采用上限法，确定了管坯镦锻成法兰制件的合理工艺参数；根据能量准则，导出了管料在变形过程中内壁产生凹陷的判别式，首次建立了管坯有芯镦锻的成形极限曲线。

经编双贾卡提花鞋面织物的计算机辅助设计

为实现经编双贾卡提花鞋面织物的高效设计,在探讨双贾卡提花鞋面织物结构特征的基础上,深入分析了双贾卡提花鞋面织物的成形原理及贾卡提花原理,研究这类织物的计算机辅助设计模型,从理论上建立经编双贾卡提花鞋面织物的垫纱运动设计、贾卡意匠设计、贾卡梳垫纱效应设计以及穿经设计数学模型,用于指导计算机软件实现该类织物的工艺设计和产品开发。结合人体足部运动需求及生产实践,介绍了鞋面功能分区设计、贾卡意匠图设计及上机工艺设计方法,总结出该类织物的设计过程与生产方式,实现了经编双贾卡双色鞋面织物的快速、准确设计。

上扬子区寒武系蒸发岩沉积相及成钾潜力分析

寒武纪是世界上重要的成钾时代之一。早寒武世成钾的西伯利亚涅帕钾盐矿床是世界上特大型钾盐矿床之一;印度-巴基斯坦在"始寒武世"地层成钾;伊朗在寒武纪地层也有钾盐发现。与其它大陆成盐强度相比,寒武系成盐成钾成为"亚洲现象"。中国地处东亚,已发现越来越多寒武系成盐盆地。本文着重介绍上扬子区寒武系蒸发岩发育特点,指出在上扬子陆块之上,发育面积达20万km2的蒸发岩盆地,并首次圈定两个膏盐岩聚集区(次盐盆地):泸州-江津区与巫溪-建南区,该区具备有利成盐找钾条件,值得今后进一步研究探索。

重庆开县上二叠统长兴组红花生物礁成礁模式

通过对红花生物礁露头的精细解剖和微相分析,研究了礁的内部构成和成礁模式。红花生物礁发育3期礁体旋回:礁A、礁B和礁C。礁A由生屑泥晶灰岩和骨架岩构成;礁B由生屑泥晶灰岩、粘结岩、骨架岩和生屑灰岩构成;礁C由粘结岩、骨架岩和生屑灰岩构成。红花生物礁造礁生物有钙质海绵、钙藻类、苔藓虫和水螅类,附礁生物为有孔虫、腕足类、双壳类、腹足类和棘皮动物等。单个礁体内,由下往上的生物演化为:腕足类+双壳类+有孔虫组合→钙藻类→钙质海绵+水螅类+钙藻类+苔藓虫组合→生物碎屑;岩性演化为:生屑泥晶灰岩→粘结岩→骨架岩→生屑灰岩。礁B的生屑滩内生屑间为泥晶充填,生屑分选、磨圆较好,是由相邻的高能生屑滩侵蚀搬运到礁B侧翼低能区沉积形成。3期礁都发育在碎屑滩上,礁A为低能环境下形成的礁,礁B和礁C在礁A形成的高地上成礁,为高能环境礁;单个礁体的完整成礁模式为:在浅滩之上,钙藻类大量生长、粘结吸附颗粒固结基底,钙质海绵和钙藻类在硬质基底上繁茂生长,形成具有抗浪格架的生物礁,礁体暴露水面死亡后遭波浪、水流改造形成生屑滩。

矢状骨面型与上气道形态和舌骨位置关系的研究

目的 研究不同矢状骨面型上气道形态和舌骨位置的差异。方法 对 182名恒牙早期青少年按ANB角大小分为Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类三种不同矢状骨面型组 ,三组的年龄、性别相匹配 ,垂直骨面型以及腺样体情况三组间分布一致。对上气道矢状径和舌骨位置进行X线头影测量分析 ,并比较三组间的差异。结果 三组间鼻咽段和腭咽段矢状径无显著差异 ;从悬雍垂尖向下 ,随ANB角的增大咽腔矢状径有减小趋势 ,Ⅱ类患者的舌咽矢状径显著小于Ⅲ类。舌骨的垂直向位置三组间无显著差异 ;水平方向上 ,Ⅲ类、Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类舌骨位置逐渐后移 ,Ⅱ类和Ⅰ类比Ⅲ类显著后位。结论 以ANB角为代表与面部矢状发育与上气道鼻咽、腭咽和舌骨垂直向位置无明显关系 ,而对上气道下段的舌咽和舌骨的矢状位置有显著影响 ,这可能与不同矢状骨面型下颌大小位置发育差异有关。

准噶尔盆地南缘东段油气成藏条件及成藏模式

准噶尔盆地南缘东段是准噶尔盆地油气勘探的重点地区。以成盆、成烃和成藏理论为指导,应用盆地分析、有效烃源岩评价、储层(裂缝)预测、盆地模拟及流体包裹体分析等技术和方法,综合研究分析了准噶尔盆地南缘东段油气成藏条件,预测了油气资源潜力,建立了油气成藏模式。研究结果表明,该区发育上二叠统、中上三叠统和中下侏罗统三套烃源岩。最主要的烃源岩层为上二叠统,是油气资源分布的主要层位;主要储集层为柴窝堡区块的上二叠统和米泉区块的中下三叠统及中下侏罗统,其物性较差,总体为较好含气储层,是主要的勘探目的层。存在自源(侧向排烃)、它源(垂向排烃)两类油气成藏模式。柴窝堡区块北部和米泉区块仍然是有利的油气勘探地区。

峨眉地幔柱对中上扬子区二叠纪成藏条件影响的探讨

峨眉地幔柱与峨眉地裂运动有何关系?它对中上扬子区二叠纪天然气藏有何影响?研究地幔柱和地裂运动对塔里木盆地油气勘探和开拓新的油气资源有何意义?这些均是复杂而有挑战性的问题。在多年研究峨眉地裂运动基础上,利用前人对峨眉地幔柱的研究成果,探讨扬子板块西北缘拗拉槽群形成与峨眉地幔柱关系,以及峨眉地幔柱产生的热力作用对烃源岩转化和优质储层的影响。对比塔里木盆地和四川盆地构造演化史,建议塔里木盆地油气勘探加强地幔柱和地裂运动对油气成藏条件影响的研究,同时开展地幔柱对2个盆地无机成因油气资源的探索,争取发现新的油气资源。