Chinese Rural labors Transfer under the Coordination of Urban-Rural Development

The strategic significance of Chinese rural labor transfer is expounded.It is conducive to solving the three agricultural problems concerning agriculture,rural areas,and farmers and coordinating the urban and rural development;promoting the rational distribution of human resources and realizing the growth of national economy;restructuring industrial structure and improving Chinese market competitiveness.The problems in the transfer of Chinese rural labors are analyzed,which include the low overall cultural level of rural labors;imperfect organization developmental;weak management mechanism and imperfect supporting measures.The rational paths for Chinese rural labor transfer are pointed out,including break the urban and rural dual structure and realize the free move of rural labors;strengthen the organization construction to provide high-quality socialized service for rural labor transfer;perfect security system to foster favorable social environment for rural labor transfer;establish scientific management mechanism to realize the sustainable rural labor transfer.

The Problems of Coordinating Urban-rural Development of Chongqing City and Corresponding Measures of Financial System

The thesis researches urban-rural coordination which is incorporated into the framework of "agriculture,rural areas and farmers",and it focuses on farmers' human resources development,agricultural industrial adjustment,rural regional coordinated development and so on.The main problems existing in the process of coordinating urban-rural development of Chongqing City are discussed under the foregoing framework.We find that input and flow direction of capital deviating from "agriculture,rural areas and farmers" is the direct cause of insufficient rural educational input,insufficient agricultural input,and irrational rural input,while the fundamental reason lies in the irrational financial policy.Based on this,the measures of innovating upon financial policy and financial system are put forward.

Urban-rural Coordinated Development in China from the Perspective of New Urbanization:A Case Study of Jinan City

New urbanization has important and practical significance and profound historical significance to the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects,acceleration of the socialist modernization process and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. And new urbanization emphasizes the coordinated development of urban and rural areas,and it provides new idea for constructing new relationship between urban and rural areas and solving issues of agriculture. This paper sees new urbanization as background,takes Jinan City as an example to study the constraints on coordinated development of urban and rural areas,path choice,urban and rural primary missions. The strategies and measures are finally put forward. This paper will help to solve the problem of the uncoordinated development of urban and rural areas,enrich the research content of urban and rural areas,and provide a reference for other cities.

Coordinating rural-urban education and institution innovation

In order to implement the spirit of the Sixteenth National People＇s Congress to accelerate development of rural education, deepen reform of rural education, guarantee a well-off society, and harmonize rural and urban development, coordinating ruralurban education is the key to China＇s development. At present, the rural-urban coordinating education is influenced by many factors, including rural-urban income difference, rural-urban educational resources difference, rural-urban background difference, and rural- urban institutional difference. In order to realize the coordinating development of rural-urban education, we need innovation in ＂Hukou＂ institution, land institution, financial institution and rural education institution. Institution innovation would be the guarantee to the coordinating rural-urban education.

Evaluation of Overall Coordination of Urban and Rural Land Use in Xiangtan City

Based on regional characteristics of Xiangtan City and in line with relevant principle of overall coordination of urban and rural land use,this paper builds an evaluation system for overall urban and rural land use in Xiangtan City. With weight of each index determined by Analytic Hierarchy Process,it makes quantitative analysis of overall urban and rural land use of Xiangtan City in recent 8 years. Finally,it proposes feasible recommendations for overall coordinated development of urban and rural land use in Xiangtan City according to current land use situations.

Estimation and Dynamic Judgment of Urban-rural Coordinated Development:A Case Study of Chongqing City

Using AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)and GCA(Grey Comprehensive Analysis),this article measures the degree of urban-rural coordinated development of Chongqing City,and establishes GARCH model to analyze its dynamic feature.The results show that urban-rural coordination degree of Chongqing City tended to decline year by year in the period 1985-2010 on the whole;after it became a municipality directly under the Central Government,the average annual rate of decline reached 1.78%.Further,from GARCH modeling analysis,there is no"clustering"in urban-rural coordination degree of Chongqing City,and the impact of fluctuation state in the past on the future will gradually intensify.There is no "leverage effect"in urban-rural coordination degree of Chongqing City,and if the government does not exert"external force",urban-rural coordination degree will decline year by year.But in the long run,urban-rural coordination degree will gradually converge to the equilibrium level.Based on this,we propose to strengthen institutional innovation and help propel coordinated urban and rural development,in terms of employment,social security,finance,land management and use.

数字经济对城乡“环境-经济”协同发展的影响研究

文章基于2013—2020年中国省级面板数据,在采用熵权法和耦合协调度模型测度数字经济与“环境-经济”协同发展水平的基础上,运用面板固定效应模型、中介效应模型和门槛效应模型,实证检验数字经济影响“环境-经济”协同发展的效应及作用机制。研究发现:(1)数字经济显著促进城乡“环境-经济”协同发展。城市维度上呈现“倒U型”特征,且中西部、东北部较东部更显著;乡村维度上呈现“正U型”特征,且东部和东北显著、中西部不显著。(2)城市维度上产业结构高级化、技术创新是数字经济影响“环境-经济”协调发展的重要机制,其中产业结构高级化呈现门槛特征;乡村维度上产业结构高级化、技术创新和监督约束均是数字经济影响“环境-经济”协调发展的重要机制,但不存在门槛特征。因此,因地制宜,实施与本地比较优势相匹配的数字经济发展策略,继续推动产业结构变迁、技术创新,强化监督约束,有机统一“数字乡村”建设和“智慧城市”建设,以城乡联动融合发挥数字经济在促进“环境-经济”协同发展的引导效应。

AN OVERVIEW ON THE URBAN-RURAL INTERACTION IN THE PAST 50 YEARS IN CHINA

China is a country with a long history of agricultural development,the tr adition of bureaucratic administra-tion and economic management system s for the social development.In its t ransition from traditional society to modern soci-ety during the past 50years,the rela tions between rural areas and urban a reas have been kept abnormal if considered from the point of view of the modernized co untries.Today,China still has its more than 70percent of population,bu t limited capital,lower technology and underdeveloped culture,in the rural areas.This unbalance forms not only the o bstacles to China’s modernization of social development,but also the barriers to th e society,economy and environment sustainable devel-opment.This paper focuses on the dis cussion about the coordinate develo pment of the relations between rural and urban in the past 50years,and the authors hold that only has the abnormal relation between the two areas been corrected,could China’s future development of natio nal economy be successful.

The Research of the Balanced Development of China's Urban-rural Spatial Integration Based on the Evolution of Regional Spatial Structure

The general law of regional spatial evolution is researched.In the process of the evolution of four stages,namely the early stage of traditional agriculture and industrialization,the middle stage of industrialization,the later stage of industrialization and post-industrialization,the types of space are homogenized space,polarized space,pole-axis space and integrated space respectively;the choosing of the spatial location is influenced by economy,society and environment,and the spatial structure extends along with three-dimensional space.Based on the fact that China's urban-rural spatial structure evolution develops rapidly,and the outstanding characteristics of dual structure becomes the main obstacle to urban-rural balanced development,the thesis poses the countermeasures of China's urban-rural spatial integrated balanced development.It points out that the healthy development of socio-economy is the external environment of realizing urban-rural spatial integration;the urban-rural coordinated planning is the prerequisite of realizing urban-rural spatial integration;fulfilling the governmental function is the key to realizing urban-rural spatial integration;promoting agricultural industrialization is the approach to realizing urban-rural spatial integration;perfecting social security system is the basis of realizing urban-rural spatial integration.

Evaluation on the Efficiency and Fairness of Coordinating Public Goods Supply in Urban and Rural Areas

By setting the urban-rural public goods supply model,this paper evaluates the effects of coordinating supply public goods on resource allocation and welfare from efficiency and fairness,and examines the necessity and possibility of coordinating public goods supply in urban and rural areas. The model assumes that the population size of urban and rural areas is different,and the population can not flow freely between urban and rural areas; there are different degrees of spillover in the public goods supply. Model results show that coordinating public goods supply in urban and rural areas is the result of optimizing resource allocation efficiency,but the residents' individual utility level will not necessarily improve,so residents' willingness to support coordinated urban-rural supply is different,and public goods spillover and different tax systems are the factors that affect the residents' utility level. Finally,this paper uses the practice of coordinating urban and rural compulsory education in Chengdu City to confirm the above conclusions.

Appraisal of typical rural development models during rapid urbanization in the eastern coastal region of China

The sustainability of regional rural development depends on the integrated status and the coordination between rural resources-environment conditions and rural socioeco- nomic development. In this paper a diagnostic indicator system is proposed to appraise four representative rural development models such as Mentougou model, Taicang model, Yueqing model and Qionghai model in the eastern coastal region of China from the integrated perspective of population, resources, environment, and development. In conclusion, the formation and evolution of these diverse rural deveJopment models are the direct response to the very different characteristics in the environment, market demand, and regional culture. These models are common in that their sustainability depends on the scientific guidance of the regional development functional positioning, strong intra-regional interactions, and self-adaptability to the external conditions.

Analysis on the Referential Role of Western Urbanization Theory in the Process of Urban and Rural Construction in China

Western urbanization theory has crucial influence on the course of China' s urban and rural construction.Social economy and the scientific distribution of population are the key of the layout of urban and rural construction and an important factor in facilitating the innovative development of urban and rural construction.The continuous improvement of the environment of social resources as well as the quality of life is the focus of China' s urban and rural construction.As western urbanization theory just probes into this specific issue,it offers referential value in urging us to take the path of sustainable development in urban and rural construction.

在城乡融合发展中全面推进乡村振兴:核心任务、突出问题与关键举措

全面推进乡村振兴是解决城乡发展不平衡不充分问题的重要举措,是贯彻落实新发展理念的生动体现。首先,梳理中国城乡关系的走向以及“三农”工作总抓手的转变,总结归纳在城乡融合发展中全面推进乡村振兴的实践逻辑。其次,针对在城乡融合发展中全面推进乡村振兴需要完成“农业强、农村美、农民富”的三大核心任务。再次,研究发现:中国正面临农村经济发展相对落后、生态环境短板挑战较大、城乡要素双向流动不畅、公共资源配置均等化程度不高、城乡收入失衡局面尚待扭转以及县域经济综合承载力不足等突出问题。最后,从加速农业现代化转型、加强乡村治理、打破城乡制度性约束、加大农村公共资源投入力度、多渠道增加农民收入以及推动县域经济高质量发展等角度提出相应的政策建议。

积极应对人口老龄化战略下养老服务的均衡发展

党的二十大将实现养老服务均衡发展摆在了突出位置。在以均衡治理原则助推高质量发展的格局下,老龄化国家战略再次升级了养老服务在格局、空间、模式、性质、内容五个方面的均衡关系。然而,由于多重原因,目前我国养老服务均衡发展中存在保障对象收入差异的起点非均衡、准入条件欠缺灵活的过程非均衡、运作机制维持困境的结构非均衡问题。在积极应对人口老龄化战略背景下,亟需实现养老服务的结构优化、功能提升、内容提质,并需重点关注:一是基本养老服务均衡化的基础环境已初步形成;二是科学把握城乡区域人口老龄化分布格局趋势;三是改变现有基本养老服务制度建设的基本理念;四是区域一体化是基本养老服务均衡化的重要步伐;五是坚持基本养老服务制度全国统筹的基本思路;六是建立新型的基本养老服务事权格局。

服务业高质量发展对城乡收入差距的影响与机制

服务业高质量发展有助于农村劳动力就业、扩大农民收入来源。促进现代服务业高质量发展是缩减城乡收入差距、推进共同富裕的重要路径。基于1997—2021年我国30个省份(未含香港地区、澳门地区、台湾地区、西藏地区)数据,使用合成控制法、双重差分模型和三重差分模型分析服务业高质量发展对城乡收入差距的影响及其机制。研究发现,服务业高质量发展有助于缩减城乡收入差距,且这种缩减作用在北京、上海最强,在江苏、天津、浙江次之,在广东最弱;服务业高质量发展对东部、中部和西部地区城乡收入差距的缩减作用均显著,但在中部地区最强,在东部和西部地区较弱;绿色发展和区域协调发展在服务业高质量发展对城乡收入差距的影响中发挥正向调节作用,服务业高质量发展对城乡收入差距的缩减作用在绿色发展水平较高、区域协调发展水平较高的省份更强;服务业高质量发展能够通过产业结构升级(包括产业结构高级化、产业结构合理化)缩减城乡收入差距。为进一步发挥服务业高质量发展对城乡收入差距的缩减作用,应持续加强服务创新,推动服务业高质量发展;发挥区域比较优势,推动区域协调发展;引导绿色消费和生产,提升绿色发展水平;推动现代服务业和新兴产业发展,促进产业结构升级。

数字技术赋能城乡产业协调发展的内在机制与实现路径

数字技术的发展与普及应用推动生产要素在中国城乡的双向流动,进而推进城乡产业协调发展,但目前针对数字技术对城乡产业协调发展影响作用的实证研究不足。因此,借助省级面板数据,深入探究数字技术对中国城乡产业协调发展的总体影响和区域异质性及其作用机制,为进一步深化该主题研究,为利用数字技术推进城乡产业融合升级、实现城乡协调发展提供理论参考。以数字技术为切入点,从理论分析数字技术影响城乡产业协调发展的内在机制,基于2011—2021年中国30个省份面板数据,建立数字化综合评价指标体系,运用熵值法测算各省份数字化水平,运用耦合协调模型计算各省份城乡产业协调度,并就数字技术如何影响城乡产业协调发展进行实证分析。结果表明:数字技术对推进城乡产业协调发展具有显著正向影响;数字技术在不同空间地理位置对城乡产业协调发展存在异质性影响;县域经济在数字技术助推城乡产业协调发展过程中发挥部分中介效应;在不同经济发展水平下,数字技术对城乡产业协调发展的影响作用呈现非线性特征,当地区经济发展水平达到一定程度,数字技术才能对城乡产业协调发展产生显著正向推动作用,其门槛值为10.379。基于此,进一步从完善乡村数字基础设施建设、完善统筹规划和完善数字素养培育体系三方面提出具体对策建议。

数字经济、生态保护与城乡融合发展的耦合协调效应——来自省域面板数据的实证检验

数字经济-生态保护-城乡融合发展的耦合协调效应是检视经济与社会高质量发展的重要维度。基于2011-2021年中国省域面板数据,采用熵值法、耦合协调度模型、探索性空间数据分析法以及灰色关联度模型,探究三者耦合协调发展的时空分异特征和驱动因素。研究结果表明:三个子系统的评价指数存在一定差异,城乡融合发展最高,生态保护居中,数字经济最低;从时间上看,研究期内三大系统的耦合协调度在低水平段位呈上升状态;从空间上看,三大系统耦合协调度表现为“东部>中部>西部”,且存在显著的正向空间自相关特征,局部空间自相关类型以“高-高”和“低-低”集聚为主;作为制约三大系统耦合协调发展的重要因素,产业结构、人口素质、经济驱动、政府调控、科技支撑的驱动效果依次递减。因此,要制定差异化区域协调发展战略,建构跨区域协作机制,实现数字经济、生态保护与城乡融合发展的互构式发展。

中部6省新型城镇化与乡村振兴的耦合协调发展

以中部6省为研究对象,选取2015—2021年的数据,构建新型城镇化与乡村振兴双重评估指标体系。采用熵值法、耦合协调模型和障碍因子模型计算两大系统的综合得分、耦合协调度、障碍因子,并对此提出相关建议,促进其新型城镇化与乡村振兴两大系统的协调发展。研究结果表明,中部6省两大系统的耦合协调程度总体呈上升趋势,但受到基础设施和生态环境等因素的影响。

新时代城乡融合发展:“三生融合”演进及其驱动因素

生产融合—生活融合—生态融合(简称“三生融合”)是新时代大力推进城乡深度融合和实现城乡共同富裕的必由之路。运用改进CRITIC法、改进耦合协调度模型、剪刀差模型、莫兰指数和地理探测器模型,深入探究2012—2021年我国城乡“三生融合”的演进特征及驱动因素。结果表明:(1)城乡“三生融合”总体水平和子系统水平均出现不同程度上升,但生态融合与生产融合、生活融合演化速率剪刀差不断拉大,三者极差呈现“V”型变化;(2)生态融合是制约“三生融合”系统耦合的主要因素;(3)城乡“三生融合”耦合协调度在观察期内上升速率放缓,整体陷入发展困境,而且区域异质性明显,高值区域由东中部地区向西部地区和东北地区扩展;(4)政府干预程度等显著影响城乡“三生融合”耦合协调度,各个因素对子系统存在不同的影响;(5)子系统水平和耦合协调度水平问题区域分析表明,我国城乡融合发展主要问题区域集中在西部地区和东北地区。

安徽省县域城乡融合耦合协调度时空演化及机制研究

县域是城乡融合与乡村振兴的重要载体,耦合协调是透视地区协调发展水平的重要标志。文章首先构建了城乡融合评价指标体系,运用耦合协调度模型、空间自相关和趋势面分析方法,定量测度了安徽省2010—2020年的城乡融合耦合度及耦合协调度的时空演变过程,并使用地理探测器模型来探索影响城乡融合的因素及影响程度。结果表明:首先,2010—2020年,城乡融合的耦合度和耦合协调度呈先下降后波动上升的趋势,但整体波动幅度较小,各县区耦合度的变化出现“聚集—分散—聚集”的“东移南迁”现象,耦合协调度轻度失调的区县呈逐渐减少的趋势,出现了地域低值锁定现象,主要分布在皖北地带。其次,分区域来看,皖北、皖中、皖南的城乡融合耦合协调以2015年为转折点,先小幅上升后又持续升高。其中,皖南和皖北区域协调差异趋于直线式减弱;而皖中区域差异呈现波动发展。整体来看,城乡融合耦合协调呈现出“北低南高—西低东高”的空间格局。随着时间的推移,形成了淮河以北冷点区和长江以南热点区阶梯状新格局。最后,PM2.5浓度、人均GDP、流域、农业机械总动力、农业产值占比、森林覆盖率、农村人均用电量、城镇化率、城乡人均可支配收入比是影响安徽省城乡融合耦合协调发展的主要因素。