Spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of urban resilience in the Yellow River Basin,China

The Yellow River Basin of China is a key region that contains myriad interactions between human activities and natural environment.Industrialization and urbanization promote social-economic development,but they also have generated a series of environmental and ecological issues in this basin.Previous researches have evaluated urban resilience at the national,regional,urban agglomeration,city,and prefecture levels,but not at the watershed level.To address this research gap and elevate the Yellow River Basin’s urban resilience level,we constructed an urban resilience evaluation index system from five dimensions:industrial resilience,social resilience,environmental resilience,technological resilience,and organizational resilience.The entropy weight method was used to comprehensively evaluate urban resilience in the Yellow River Basin.The exploratory spatial data analysis method was employed to study the spatiotemporal differences in urban resilience in the Yellow River Basin in 2010,2015,and 2020.Furthermore,the grey correlation analysis method was utilized to explore the influencing factors of these differences.The results of this study are as follows:(1)the overall level of urban resilience in the Yellow River Basin was relatively low but showed an increasing trend during 2010–2015,and significant spatial distribution differences were observed,with a higher resilience level in the eastern region and a low-medium resilience level in the western region;(2)the differences in urban resilience were noticeable,with industrial resilience and social resilience being relatively highly developed,whereas organizational resilience and environmental resilience were relatively weak;and(3)the correlation ranking of resilience influencing factors was as follows:science and technology level>administrative power>openness>market forces.This research can provide a basis for improving the resilience level of cities in the Yellow River Basin and contribute to the high-quality development of the region.

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Typical Ecosystem Services and Their Spatial Responses to Driving Factors in Ecologically Fragile Areas in Upper Yellow River,China

The identification of dominant driving factors for different ecosystem services(ESs)is crucial for ecological conservation and sustainable development.However,the spatial heterogeneity of the dominant driving factors affecting various ESs has not been adequately elucidated,particularly in ecologically fragile regions.This study employed the integrated valuation of ESs and trade-offs(InVEST)model to evaluate four ESs,namely,water yield(WY),soil conservation(SC),habitat quality(HQ),and carbon storage(CS),and then to identify the dominant driving factors of spatiotemporal differentiation of ES and further to characterize the spatial heterogeneity characteristics of the dominant driving factors in the eco-fragile areas of the upper Yellow River,China from 2000 to 2020.The results demonstrated that WY exhibited northeast-high and northwest-low patterns in the upper Yellow River region,while high values of SC and CS were distributed in central forested areas and a high value of HQ was distributed in vast grassland areas.The CS,WY,and SC exhibited decreasing trends over time.The most critical factors affecting WY,SC,HQ,and CS were the actual evapotranspiration,precipitation,slope,and normalized difference vegetation index,respectively.In addition,the effects of different factors on various ESs exhibited spatial heterogeneity.These results could provide spatial decision support for eco-protection and rehabilitation in ecologically fragile areas.

Spatio-temporal evolution of the coordinated development of high-tech industry agglomeration and resource-environmental carrying capacity in the Yellow River Basin

Under the background of new infrastructure,the Yellow River Basin’s superior growth cannot be separated originating with the synergistic effect of scientific and technological inventiveness and ecological civilization construction.In light of the coupling coordination analysis of the coordination effect of provincial high-tech industry agglomeration and resource carrying capacity in the Yellow River Basin from 2009 to 2021,The evolution of the geographical and temporal pattern of development was investigated using the Moran index and kernel density estimation.The results show that the agglomeration of high-tech industries in the Yellow River Basin presents a development trend of seek improvement in stability,and there is a good coupling and coordination throughout the progression of scientific and technological innovation and the loading capacity of the resource,from the viewpoint of a time series.From the perspective of spatial pattern distribution,the whole basin aims at the lower reaches,accelerates the optimization of digital industry and promotes Yellow River Basin development of superior quality through innovation support and increase of input,and based on policy guidance.

Evaluation of Coordinated Development of Urbanization and Ecological Environment in the Efficient Ecological Economic Zone of the Yellow River Delta

Based on the statistical data of urbanization development level and ecological environment in the Yellow River Delta during 2009-2014,a comprehensive index system for the coordinated development of urbanization and ecological environment was established to evaluate the coordinated development level. The results showed that the coordinated development level of urbanization and ecological environment in the Yellow River Delta was generally high during 2009-2014. The development level of urbanization was higher than that of ecological environment on the whole,that is,the development of ecological environment lagged behind. The development of urbanization in the region was relatively slow during 2009-2011 but rapid during 2012-2014. The development level of ecological environment was relatively stable and always increased.

Analysis on the green development of urban agglomeration in the Yellow River basin

After the ecological protection and high quality development of the Yellow River basin became the national strategy,the new idea of river basin development with urban agglomeration as the main body was clarified.Promoting high-quality development of urban clusters in the Yellow River Basin is not only an important practice of the concept of harmonious coexistence between man and nature,but also conducive to exploring new paths of high-quality development that can be copied and popularized.In the process of promoting development,we should adhere to the principle of overall planning and differentiated development.On the basis of constantly improving cross-regional environmental administrative coordination,strengthening the radiation driving role of central cities,and establishing and improving the cross-regional ecological compensation mechanism,we should adopt different measures according to the requirements of ecological priority and green development,so as to form a new competitive advantage that is both unified and distinctive.

Exploring Regional Ecological Cultures in the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River in the Ming and Qing Dynasties from the Perspective of "Top Eight Views"

By studying typical "Top Eight Views" in cities like Xining,Lanzhou and Yinchuan in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,mountain and water landscapes in the study area were analyzed in terms of natural ecology;bridges,canals,ferries,pavilions,mansions,towers,temples,historical sites,production and living landscapes were analyzed in terms of humanistic ecology.On this basis,"Top Eight Views" in the upper reaches of the Yellow River were compared and the following conclusions obtained:mountain landscapes were distributed in the whole region,waterscapes unevenly valued in different cities,bridges,canals and ferries mostly located in Ningxia,temples commonly found in all cities,garden arts introduced into cities,traditional cultures carried forward by historical relics.Then the relationship between "Top Eight Views" and regional eco-cultures was analyzed,and it was proposed that humanistic and cultural connotations of these "Top Eight Views" contributed a lot to beautifying urban environment,satisfying needs of the locals' spiritual life,carrying forward local history and culture,enriching urban cultural connotations,expanding living spaces of local residents and improving integrated functions of cities."Top Eight Views" culture complied with the construction gist of urban ecological cultures,and was of great referential value for the construction of urban ecological cultures in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,and also the healthy,scientific and sustainable development of local cities.

Spatially Heterogeneous Response of Carbon Storage to Land Use Changes in Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration, China

Carbon storage of terrestrial ecosystems plays a vital role in advancing carbon neutrality. Better understanding of how land use changes affect carbon storage in urban agglomeration will provide valuable guidance for policymakers in developing effective regional conservation policies. Taking the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration(PRDUA) in China as an example, we examined the heterogeneous response of carbon storage to land use changes in 1990–2018 from a combined view of administrative units and physical entities. The results indicate that the primary change in land use was due to the expansion of construction land(5897.16 km2). The carbon storage in PRDUA decreased from 767.34 Tg C in 1990 to 725.42 Tg C in 2018 with a spatial pattern of high wings and the low middle. The carbon storage loss was largely attributed to construction land expansion(55.74%), followed by forest degradation(54.81%). Changes in carbon storage showed significant divergences in different sized cities and hierarchical boundaries. The coefficients of geographically weighted regression(GWR) reveal that the alteration in carbon storage in Guangzhou City was more responsive to changes in construction land(-0.11) compared to other cities, while that in Shenzhen was mainly affected by the dynamics of forest land(8.32). The change in carbon storage was primarily influenced by the conversion of farmland within urban extent(5.05) and the degradation of forest land in rural areas(5.82). Carbon storage changes were less sensitive to the expansion of construction land in the urban center, urban built-up area, and ex-urban built-up area, with the corresponding GWR coefficients of 0.19, 0.04, and 0.02. This study necessitates the differentiated protection strategies of carbon storage in urban agglomerations.

The Effect of Urban Agglomeration Expansion on PM_(2.5) Concentrations: Evidence from a Quasi-natural Experiment

This study constructs a quasi-natural experiment based on the expansion of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration(YRDUA) of China in 2010 to investigate the impact and inner mechanism of urban agglomeration expansion on fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) concentrations through propensity scores in difference-in-differences models(PSM-DID) using panel data from 286 prefecturelevel cities in China from 2003 to 2016. The results show that 1) urban agglomeration expansion contributes to an overall decrease in PM_(2.5)concentration, which is mainly achieved from the original cities. For the new cities, on the other hand, the expansion significantly increases the local PM_(2.5)concentration. 2) In the long term, the significant influence of urban agglomeration expansion on PM_(2.5)concentration lasts for three years and gradually decreases. A series of robustness tests confirm the applicability of the PSM-DID model.3) Cities with weaker government regulation, a better educated population and higher per capita income present stronger PM_(2.5)reduction effects. 4) Urban agglomeration expansion affects the PM_(2.5)concentration mainly through industrial transfer and population migration, which cause a decrease in the PM_(2.5)concentration in the original cities and an increase in the PM_(2.5)concentration in the new cities.Corresponding policy suggestions are proposed based on the conclusions.

Analysis on Ecological Footprint of the Urban Agglomeration in Pearl River Delta

[Objective] The research aimed to calculate and analyze ecological footprint of the urban agglomeration in Pearl River Delta in 2009. [Method] 9 cities in Pearl River Delta as research zone, by using calculation model of the ecological footprint, ecological footprint and security of the urban agglomeration in Pearl River Delta were calculated. Current situation and sustainable development condition of the ecological environment in Pearl River Delta were conducted quantitative analysis. [Result] Except construction land and woodland, other 4 kinds of lands were all in ecological deficit states in Pearl River Delta. Especially arable land and fossil fuel land had obvious ecological deficit. [Conclusion] Biological resource consumption level and energy consumption level in Pearl River Delta were higher. We ought to take a variety of measures to reduce ecological deficit, making development manner turn toward sustainable direction.

Industrial carbon emissions and influencing factors in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration

This paper calculates the industrial carbon emissions of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration over the period 2006-2013. An empirical analysis is conducted to find out the influencing factors of industrial carbon emissions of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, using a spatial Durbin panel model. The results show that cities with larger industrial carbon emissions often enjoy low annual growth rates, while the cities with smaller ones enjoy higher annual growth rate; There exists a comparatively strong positive correlation in space in per capita carbon emission; urbanization, and total population. GDP per capita and international trade are the main influencing factors of industrial carbon emissions; There are spatial spillover effects on international trade and urbanization of neighboring cities, which have a significant impact on local industrial carbon emissions.

Coupling Coordination Relationship between Ecological Human Settlements and the Happiness Levels of Residents in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration

Promoting the coordinated development of ecological human settlements and the happiness levels of residents will help to promote people-centered high-quality development.This study was based on the 2011-2021 data of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration,and constructed an evaluation index system of ecological human settlements and the happiness levels of residents.The entropy value method,coupling coordination degree model,Dagum Gini coefficient and Geodetector model were used to explore the coupling coordination relationship and influencing factors of these two systems.The findings indicate that ecological human settlements and the happiness levels of residents in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration have shown an upward trend over time.By 2021,the overall level of the region had significantly improved.The coupling coordination level between these two systems has gradually increased,showing a spatial distribution pattern of high in the east and low in the west.The Dagum Gini coefficient shows a fluctuating downward trend in the overall and intra-regional differences,with the largest inter-regional difference between Shanghai and Anhui,and the inter-regional difference is the main source of the spatial differences.Economic development level(Eco)was the main factor influencing the coupling coordination of the two systems from 2011 to 2021.The results of this study provide references for constructing ecological human settlements and enhancing the happiness levels of residents.

Coordination of Urbanization and Water Ecological Environment in Shayinghe River Basin,China

During the rapid industrialization and urbanization of China,urban agglomeration in river basin areas raises the problems of over-use of water resources and pollution of the water environment.Related research in China has mainly focused on the conflicts among economic growth,urban expansion and water resource shortages within admin-istrative boundaries.However,water environments are much more dependent on their physical boundaries than their administrative boundaries.Consistent with the nature of water environment,this study aims at analyzing coordination relationships between urban development and water environment changes within physical river basin boundaries.We chose the Shayinghe River Basin,China,as our case study area which is facing serious challenges related to water en-vironment protection.Then we classified 35 county-level administrative units into upstream,midstream and down-stream regions based on their physical characteristics;analyzed the coordination degree of urban agglomeration using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method;and constructed cooperative models using the Linear Programming (LP function) to simulate four scenarios of the coordination relationship be-tween urban population increase and water environment protection based on existing water resources and water pollu-tion data.The results show that the present coordinative situation in Shayinghe River Basin is not sustainable.In gen-eral,more than 50% administrative units are in the bad coordinative situation.In particular,the downstream region is under worse condition than the upstream and midstream regions.Cooperative models in scenario analyses indicate that the population scale set in existing urban master plannings is not coordinated with the water environment protection.To reach the goal of regional sustainable development,the total population needs to be controlled such that it will re-main at 4.5×10 7 or below by 2020 given the capacity of water environment.

Measurement of Digital Economy Development Level in Yangtze River Delta and Its Influence on Ecological Efficiency

Based on the panel data of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2007 to 2018,this paper empirically tests the impact of digital economy development on urban ecological efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta.The results show that the development level of digital economy in Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration is fluctuating and rising;the development of digital economy has a significant positive role in promoting the improvement of urban ecological efficiency;there is significant regional heterogeneity in the promotion of ecological efficiency by digital economy,especially in central cities.

黄河流域城市群新型城镇化与生态安全协调发展研究

为推进中国式现代化建设,统筹黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展,提升城市群新型城镇化与生态安全协调发展水平,以黄河流域内的7个城市群为研究对象,构建新型城镇化与生态安全评价指标体系,运用耦合协调度模型和相对发展模型,并结合时空演化过程分析了黄河流域城市群新型城镇化与生态安全耦合协调度发展格局,最后通过系统动力学模型模拟未来5年耦合协调发展趋势.结果表明,研究期内,黄河流域城市群新型城镇化与生态安全耦合协调度总体呈上升趋势,部分城市群出现轻度波动,耦合协调特征由失调、濒临协调转化为勉强协调、初级协调;最后通过预测未来5年黄河流域城市群新型城镇化与生态安全耦合协调度发展过程,推断城市群均处于显著提升状态,且逐步达到初级协调阶段.针对目前黄河流域城市群新型城镇化与生态安全协调发展存在的不足,提出了相应的对策建议.

数字经济与绿色全要素生产率:来自黄河流域“五极”城市群的证据

数字经济发展是推动黄河流域高质量发展的重要动力。论文基于2011—2019年黄河流域“五极”城市群的面板数据,在城市群视角下实证检验数字经济发展如何影响绿色全要素生产率(GTFP)。研究发现:黄河流域城市群数字经济能够显著提升绿色全要素生产率,且在空间维度具有正向溢出特征。克服潜在的内生性问题后,这一结论依然稳健;黄河流域数字经济发展对绿色全要素生产率的提升效应在不同的城市群维度、核心城市与非核心城市之间具有典型的异质性特征;机制分析表明,黄河流域城市群绿色全要素生产率提升主要源于数字经济所诱发的创新要素集聚。

政府干预视角下长三角城市群科技创新资源配置效率及影响因素分析

科技创新资源优化配置是贯彻落实创新驱动发展战略的必然要求。长三角城市群作为我国经济社会运行和科技事业发展的先行区,明确其科技创新资源配置效率差异及影响因素,对于打造创新型国家具有重要的推动作用。以政府干预为研究视角,运用超效率DEA模型和DEA-Malmquist模型对2011—2020年长三角城市群26个城市科技创新资源配置效率进行测算,并采用Tobit模型以政府干预为核心解释变量实证分析其影响因素。结果发现:长三角城市群科技创新资源配置效率整体呈现递增趋势,上海、宁波、苏州、杭州、南京的效率值排在前5位,但是城市群内部科技创新资源配置效率差异悬殊,区域空间格局极不平衡,其中政府干预、产业结构调整和城市化水平均对提高科技创新资源配置具有显著正向影响。因此,建议长三角各地政府围绕从科技创新资源投入至产出的各个环节制定相关法律法规,进一步规范科技创新资源配置方式,并加强城市之间的交流与合作。

黄河流域新型城镇化—生态安全—公共健康协调发展研究——以内蒙古自治区为例

探究黄河流域新型城镇化-生态安全-公共健康耦合机理,对于实现区域高质量发展、全面贯彻落实中国式现代化要求、维护国家生态安全和边疆安全具有重要意义。通过综合评价模型、耦合协调度模型和障碍度模型分析位于黄河流域中上游的内蒙古自治区新型城镇化-生态安全-公共健康耦合发展水平及影响因素。研究结果表明:2005-2021年内蒙古新型城镇化、生态安全、公共健康各子系统发展水平均有所提升,空间分异明显。新型城镇化水平由2005年的0.26提升到2021年的0.69,生态安全水平由2005年的0.26提高到2021年的0.57,公共健康水平在2021年达到0.64;新型城镇化、生态安全与公共健康耦合协调水平呈现波动增长态势,由2005年的0.22上升到2021年的0.62,表现为呼和浩特市、包头市耦合协调水平较高,其余盟市较低的空间格局;城乡居民基本医疗保险参保、人均GDP、城镇人均可支配收入等是制约系统协调发展的主要障碍因素,年均障碍度分别为17.32%、8.74%、7.33%。基于研究结果提出促进内蒙古新型城镇化-生态安全-公共健康协调发展的对策建议,旨在为实现区域高质量发展和推进中国式现代化建设提供支持和指导。

长三角城市群FDI、技术创新与先进制造业集群发展

FDI和技术创新是长三角城市群先进制造业集群发展的重要影响因素。文章基于2010—2021年长三角城市群26个城市面板数据,分析FDI对先进制造业集群发展的直接作用机制以及技术创新在FDI与先进制造业集群发展之间的中介作用机制,并运用面板回归模型和中介效应模型检验理论假设。研究结果表明:长三角城市群FDI对先进制造业集群发展具有显著的正向作用,其作用机制主要表现为促进集群网络化、产业链优化和劳动力流动;技术创新在FDI与先进制造业集群发展之间具有显著的中介作用。根据研究结论提出长三角城市群促进FDI高质量发展、提高先进制造业集群的科技创新能力、加强FDI与技术创新的协同效应等政策建议。

Land Use Dynamics and Ecosystem Service Value Changes in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration Under Different Scenarios

Urban agglomerations,serving as pivotal centers of human activity,undergo swift alterations in ecosystem services prompted by shifts in land utilization.Strengthening the monitoring of ecosystem services in present and future urban agglomerations contributes to the rational planning of these areas and enhances the well-being of their inhabitants.Here,we analyzed land use conversion in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)urban agglomeration during 1990-2020 and discussed the spatiotemporal response and main drivers of changes in ecosystem service value(ESV).By considering the different development strategic directions described in land use planning policies,we predicted land use conversion and its impact on ESV using the Future Land Use Simulation(FLUS)model in three scenari-os in 2025 and 2030.Results show that:1)from 1990 to 2020,land use change is mainly manifested as the continuous expansion of con-struction land to cultivated land.Among the reduced cultivated land,82.2%were occupied by construction land.2)The land use types conversion caused a loss of 21.85 billion yuan(RMB)in ESV during 1990-2020.Moreover,the large reduction of cultivated land area led to the continuous decline of food production value,accounting for 13%of the total ESV loss.3)From 2020 to 2030,land use change will mainly focus on Yangzhou and Zhenjiang in central Jiangsu Province and Taizhou in southern Zhejiang Province.Under the BAU(natural development)and ED(cultivated land protection)scenarios,construction land expansion remains dominant.In contrast,under the EP(ecological protection)scenario,the areas of water bodies and forest land increase significantly.Among the different scenarios,ESV is highest in the EP scenario,making it the optimal solution for sustainable land use.It can be seen that the space use conflict among urban,agriculture and ecology is a key factor leading to ESV change in the urban agglomeration of Yangtze River Delta.There-fore,it is crucial to maintain spatial land use coordination.Our findings provide suggestions for scientific and rational land use planning for the urban agglomeration.

京津冀与珠三角协同创新比较分析

围绕着以“研发—中介—应用”为核心群落的创新生态系统,依次构建了京津冀和珠三角城市群协同创新网络,比较分析了京津冀和珠三角城市群在协同创新方面的特征与差异,结果显示:除中介群落外,京津冀创新群落并不具有规模优势;京津冀和珠三角均呈现创新核心城市和腹地城市的地位差距明显缩小、创新关联程度明显加强、腹地城市创新外向活跃度明显上升的趋势;但珠三角协同创新水平领先于京津冀。通过与珠三角的对比,总结了京津冀协同创新中存在的短板与问题,并从创新人才管理体制创新、推行新型科研模式、培育科技成果转化公共服务平台、构建承载先进制造业集群的园区共同体、探索建设产业创新合作“双向飞地”等方面提出了政策建议。