The Study on the Evolution of Urban Spatial Structure in Zhuhai City Based on Spatial Syntax

With the deepening of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area strategy and the accelerated integration and development of the east and west sides of the Pearl River Estuary,Zhuhai’s hub position is becoming more and more prominent.The city of Zhuhai has a dense water network and is divided into two urban areas,the east and the west,under the influence of the Mordor Gate waterway.Based on the theory of spatial syntax,this paper carries out an analytical study on the urban spatial structure of Zhuhai,identifies the distribution characteristics of urban POIs,and provides theoretical support for the urban development of Zhuhai.

Unified Data Model of Urban Air Pollution Dispersion and 3D Spatial City Model:Groundwork Assessment towards Sustainable Urban Development for Malaysia

Understanding the behavior of urban air pollution is important en route for sustainable urban development (SUD). Malaysia is on its mission to be a developed country by year 2020 comprehends dealing with air pollution is one of the indicators headed towards it. At present monitoring and managing air pollution in urban areas encompasses sophisticated air quality modeling and data acquisition. However, rapid developments in major cities cause difficulties in acquiring the city geometries. The existing method in acquiring city geometries data via ground or space measurement inspection such as field survey, photogrammetry, laser scanning, remote sensing or using architectural plans appears not to be practical because of its cost and efforts. Moreover, air monitoring stations deployed are intended for regional to global scale model whereby it is not accurate for urban areas with typical resolution of less than 2 km. Furthermore in urban areas, the pollutant dispersion movements are trapped between buildings initiating it to move vertically causing visualization complications which imply the limitations of existing visualization scheme that is based on two-dimensional (2D) framework. Therefore this paper aims is to perform groundwork assessment and discuss on the current scenario in Malaysia in the aspect of current policies towards SUD, air quality monitoring stations, scale model and detail discussion on air pollution dispersion model used called the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM). This research proposed the implementation of three-dimensional (3D) spatial city model as a new physical data input for OSPM. The five Level of Details (LOD) of 3D spatial city model shows the scale applicability for the dispersion model implementtation. Subsequently 3D spatial city model data commonly available on the web, by having a unified data model shows the advantages in easy data acquisition, 3D visualization of air pollution dispersion and improves visual analysis of air quality monitoring in urban areas.

Spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of urban resilience in the Yellow River Basin,China

The Yellow River Basin of China is a key region that contains myriad interactions between human activities and natural environment.Industrialization and urbanization promote social-economic development,but they also have generated a series of environmental and ecological issues in this basin.Previous researches have evaluated urban resilience at the national,regional,urban agglomeration,city,and prefecture levels,but not at the watershed level.To address this research gap and elevate the Yellow River Basin’s urban resilience level,we constructed an urban resilience evaluation index system from five dimensions:industrial resilience,social resilience,environmental resilience,technological resilience,and organizational resilience.The entropy weight method was used to comprehensively evaluate urban resilience in the Yellow River Basin.The exploratory spatial data analysis method was employed to study the spatiotemporal differences in urban resilience in the Yellow River Basin in 2010,2015,and 2020.Furthermore,the grey correlation analysis method was utilized to explore the influencing factors of these differences.The results of this study are as follows:(1)the overall level of urban resilience in the Yellow River Basin was relatively low but showed an increasing trend during 2010–2015,and significant spatial distribution differences were observed,with a higher resilience level in the eastern region and a low-medium resilience level in the western region;(2)the differences in urban resilience were noticeable,with industrial resilience and social resilience being relatively highly developed,whereas organizational resilience and environmental resilience were relatively weak;and(3)the correlation ranking of resilience influencing factors was as follows:science and technology level>administrative power>openness>market forces.This research can provide a basis for improving the resilience level of cities in the Yellow River Basin and contribute to the high-quality development of the region.

Spatial-Temporal Features of Wuhan Urban Agglomeration Regional Development Pattern—Based on DMSP/OLS Night Light Data

Based on the night light data, urban area data, and economic data of Wuhan Urban Agglomeration from 2009 to 2015, we use spatial correlation dimension, spatial self-correlation analysis and weighted standard deviation ellipse to identify the general characteristics and dynamic evolution characteristics of urban spatial pattern and economic disparity pattern. The research results prove that: between 2009 and 2013, Wuhan Urban Agglomeration expanded gradually from northwest to southeast and presented the dynamic evolution features of “along the river and the road”. The spatial structure is obvious, forming the pattern of “core-periphery”. The development of Wuhan Urban Agglomeration has obvious imbalance in economic geography space, presenting the development tendency of “One prominent, stronger in the west and weaker in the east”. The contract within Wuhan Urban Agglomeration is gradually decreased. Wuhan city and its surrounding areas have stronger economic growth strength as well as the cities along The Yangtze River. However, the relative development rate of Wuhan city area is still far higher than other cities and counties.

Urban spatial cluster structure in metro travel networks:An explorative study of Wuhan using big and open data

Rail transit plays a crucial role in improving urban sustainability and livability.In many Chinese cities,the planning of rail transit routes and stations is focused on facilitating new developments rather than revitalizing existing built-up areas.This approach reflects the local governments’expectations of substantial growth to reshape the urban structure.However,existing research on transit-oriented development(TOD)rarely explores the spatial interactions between individual transit stations and investigates how they can be integrated to achieve synergistic effects and balanced development.This study proposes that rail transit systems impact urban structure through two“forces”:the provision of additional and reliable carrying capacity and the reduction of travel time between locations.Metro passenger flow is used as a proxy for these forces,and community detection techniques are employed to identify the actual and optimal spatial clusters in Wuhan,China.The results reveal that the planned sub-centers align reasonably well with the optimal spatial clusters in terms of spatial configuration.However,the actual spatial clusters tend to have longer internal travel times compared to the optimal clusters.Further exploration suggests the need for equalizing land use density within planned spatial clusters served by the metro system.Additionally,promoting concentrated,differentiated,and mixed functional arrangements in metro station areas with low passenger flows within the planned clusters could be beneficial.This paper presents a new framework for investigating urban spatial clusters influenced by a metro system.

Spatial Matching Degree Between Education, Healthcare, Elderly Care Facilities and the Built Environment in Megacities Based on POI Data: A Case Study of Chengdu Central Urban Area

During rapid urbanization, megacities see disparities in the spatial distribution of basic public service facilities and the urban built environment. Current research on basic public service facilities focuses on equal spatial distribution, leading to the overlook of their match with the surrounding built environment. Based on a case study on education, healthcare, and elderly care facilities in Chengdu central urban area, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution of these facilities and the built environment, and examines their spatial matching degree using a bivariate spatial autocorrelation model. The findings reveal the following insights: firstly, education and healthcare facilities present a “one core and multi-center” spatial distribution pattern, with the city center serving as the core and suburban subdistricts acting as the multiple centers, while elderly care facilities present a core-edge distribution pattern in contrast;secondly, the built environment presents a core-edge radial distribution pattern, with the city center acting as the nucleus that connects suburban subdistricts;thirdly, the spatial matching degree between the facilities and the urban built environment from the city center outwards is characterized by high, low, medium, and high levels. Notably, a significant spatial mismatch is observed in urban-rural transitional zones. In light of these findings, the paper comes to a conclusion that during urbanization, the efforts to equalize basic public service facilities in the urban-rural transitional zones may lead to spatial mismatches, to which urban planners and managers should pay close attention.

Spatio-temporal Analysis of Urban Spatial Interaction in Globalizing China—A Case Study of Beijing-Shanghai Corridor

This paper aims to explore urban geography with a new perspective. Endowed with the urban geography connotations, an improved data field model is employed to integrate temporal dimension into spatial process of cities in a typical region in this article. Taking the Beijing-Shanghai Corridor including 18 cities as an example, the authors chose the city centricity index (CCI) and the spatial data field model to analyze the evolution process and features of sub-region and urban spatial interaction in this corridor based on the data of 1991, 1996 and 2002. Through the analy- sis, we found that: 1) with the improvement of the urbanization level and the development of urban economy, the cit- ies’ CCI grew, the urban spatial radiative potential enhanced and the radiative range expanded gradually, which reflects the urban spatial interaction’s intensity has been increasing greatly; 2) although the spatial interaction intensity among the cities and sub-regions in the Beijing-Shanghai Corridor was growing constantly, the gap of the spatial interaction strength among different cities and sub-regions was widening, and the spatial division between the developed areas and the less developed areas was obvious; and 3) the intensity of the spatial interaction of Beijing, Shanghai and their urban agglomerations was far greater than that in small cities of other parts of the corridor, and it may have a strong drive force on the choice of spatial location of the economic activities.

Spatial Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Urban Resilience from the Perspective of Daily Activity:A Case Study of Nanjing,China

Based on the connotation of urban resilience and the main contradictions of China's urbanization,urban resilience is placed within the main daily activities contradictory scene of the urban man-land system to build a theoretical framework of urban activity resilience.Relying on geographic big data,this study identifies the spatial characteristics of activity resilience,reveals the impact of activity environment on activity resilience in Nanjing,and proposes countermeasures.The main conclusions are as follows.1)Activity resilience presents a composite spatial structure of circles and clusters,and most areas are resilient but at a low level.2)There are significantly positive and negative global autocorrelation between activity resilience and activity scale,and activity stability.Simultaneously,there also exists a local spatial autocorrelation with the opposite positive and negative trends.3)Activity environment has a significant effect on activity resilience,and the degree and direction of influence among different dimensions and regions are heterogeneous.4)For activity resilience,it is necessary to increase the matching degree between the scale and stability of activities,and reduce the excessive concentration and flow of activities.For the activity environment,it is necessary to improve the accessibility of the ecological environment,strengthen the high-quality supply of the infrastructure environment,optimize the balance of the location environment,and promote the inclusiveness of the social environment.

基于Spatial OLAP的城市交通综合管理系统设计与实现

空间联机分析处理技术将GIS与联机分析处理技术OLAP相结合,提供在空间维度上进行不同尺度钻取的解决方案——SOLAP。该文基于SOLAP技术,构建一个城市交通的综合管理系统,并在电子地图上展示不同区域、路段、时段的交通流信息,为交通管理者进行决策提供技术支持。

笔谈:数字化为文明赋彩——文物和文化遗产数字技术应用现状与实践路径

数字技术在文化遗产领域的应用已从最初的信息储存和传输,发展到数据处理分析,进而进化到今天的自动化和智能化处理与展示,在文化遗产研究、记录、保护、利用等方面起到了至关重要的作用。当前,我国基本形成覆盖文物保护工作全链条的数字化解决方案,并不断创新核心技术与设备,形成通用技术与国际并驾齐驱、特色技术引领国际潮流的发展趋势。数字技术在考古遗址三维空间信息的获取、分析、模拟、研究和展示等全过程中发挥着重要作用,为古代遗址与自然环境之间的人地关系等研究开辟了新的途径。新一代测绘技术,可实现对建成遗产三维数字形式的记录与保存,在精度、纹理、展示分析、交互以及文物古建的数字修复等方面具有不可替代的价值。通过“空间历史大数据”途径,可以打破过往人文学科与空间操作之间的知识鸿沟与技术壁垒,促进文化遗产以体系化技术操作实现“公众化”,通过文化空间实践达成未来城乡高质量发展和历史人文知识存续之间的良性互动。数字化实践在非物质文化遗产保护中的应用范围在不断扩大,已然从保存、宣传扩展到传承、振兴的层面。从全球视野审视数字化这一新兴领域的发展历程和前沿动态,文化遗产数字化面临着建立更完善的数据资源等挑战。

基本公共服务促进新型城镇化发展的空间效应

基于我国2010—2020年30个地区的面板数据,通过构建空间杜宾模型实证分析了基本公共服务促进新型城镇化发展的空间效应,并从区域层面进行了异质性检验。结果表明:第一,基本公共服务显著促进新型城镇化发展,不仅会促进本地新型城镇化发展,还对邻近地区产生正向的促进作用;第二,基本公共服务对新型城镇化的影响存在地区差异,即对东、西部地区新型城镇化具有显著的直接效应和间接效应,而对中部地区新型城镇化的直接效应不明显,间接效应显著;第三,工业化水平、人力资本水平和固定资产投资对新型城镇化的影响存在区域异质性。认为应提升基本公共服务水平,制定差异化的基本公共服务供给制度,推进跨区域间的合作,以提高整体新型城镇化水平。

铁路网络联系对城市土地绿色利用效率的影响研究——以长三角地区为例

研究目的:探究铁路网络联系对城市土地绿色利用效率的影响及空间溢出效应,为依托铁路交通发展促进土地绿色利用效率提升提供科学依据。研究方法:超效率SBM模型,社会网络分析方法,空间面板模型。研究结果:(1)长三角城市铁路联系强度和土地绿色利用效率均呈现显著的增长趋势,土地绿色利用效率存在着较为明显的区域差异。(2)铁路联系强度的提高促进了本城市土地绿色利用效率的提升,与综合铁路联系相比,高铁联系对本城市土地绿色利用效率的提升作用更加明显。(3)铁路联系的加强促进了本城市产业结构合理化水平的提升和创新产出的增长,进而对土地绿色利用效率产生影响。高铁联系在促进本城市产业结构合理化水平提升和创新产出增长方面的作用更加明显。(4)城市对外铁路联系强度的提高产生了负向的空间溢出效应,抑制了邻近城市土地绿色利用效率的提升。研究结论:应充分发挥铁路建设在优化产业结构、促进创新方面的作用,依托铁路网络加强区域内经济技术合作、发挥各城市比较优势,以推动区域土地绿色利用效率的整体性提升。

POI辅助下的城市国土空间地类信息细化研究

为提升城市国土空间地类信息细化工作效率,将POI数据、国土变更调查数据与行业专题资料相结合,利用分类映射、数据匹配、空间叠置等关键技术,研究形成了一套POI辅助下的城市国土空间地类信息细化技术流程。通过搭建FME模板,实现了城镇住宅、医疗机构、学校等各细化地类的快速自动定位与信息细化补充,在一定程度上减少了人工工作量,提升了工作效率。以徐州市为例,统计了POI对于不同细化地类的利用率。结果表明,分类映射提取后的POI专题数据整体利用率较好;但由于不同数据标准的差异性,对于部分细化类型,POI数据需进一步结合其他数据来提升其可用性。

GIS技术在城市体检中的应用探讨

城市体检作为发现城市病、助力城市更新的重要抓手和重点工作,已在全国各地积极开展。其涉及面广、数据多源异构,包含基础地理数据、网络大数据、统计数据等,引发时空数据挖掘的研究和应用。而GIS技术作为一种强大的空间分析工具,在数据的可视化、空间分布分析方面有较大的优势,能为城市体检提供新的应用途径。通过梳理城市体检的概念和GIS技术在城市体检中应用的优势,探究GIS技术在城市体检工作中的具体运用,以及存在的困难。表明GIS技术对于城市体检指标数据的获取、城市问题的可视化以及提高城市体检评估结果的精确性方面有十分重要的意义。

高速公路对城市多中心空间结构的影响

城市道路的发展是城市空间发展的根本动力,基于2001—2019年LandScan高分辨率全球人口分布数据构建了多组多中心空间结构指标,并利用历史交通路线、规划路线等工具变量,系统识别了高速公路对多中心空间结构的影响效应。结果表明,多中心已经成为中国城市空间结构的主要发展趋势,射线状或外围过境的高速公路能够提升外围地区的区位优势,通过集聚土地、开发区、企业和人口要素的途径来加速空间结构从单中心向多中心转变,这一结论在更换变量、限制样本、消除内生性、非线性回归等一系列稳健性检验后始终成立。此外异质性分析结果显示,高速公路对大城市和东部、南方城市多中心空间结构的塑造作用更大;特别地,地方政府财政能力本身越强,越有利于城市塑造出多中心空间结构,但也会弱化高速公路对多中心空间结构的塑造效应。

上海城市空间基底探索与实践

针对空间信息在城市数字化转型中亟需解决的数据资源、服务能力等问题,在分析空间信息对智慧城市建设基础性、重要性作用的基础上,介绍了上海城市空间基底的建设背景和建设思路,以及在信息模型、数据生产、更新机制等方面的建设要点、技术探索和取得的成效。通过国土信息管理、法人、城运等应用实践证明上海城市空间基底的不断深化在城市精细化管理中发挥了重要作用,为新一代智慧城市建设提供可借鉴经验。

地质灾害多源基础数据结构体系及应用

地质灾害基础数据具有多源性、异构性、多尺度等特点,大量的数据没有形成统一的管理模式,共享程度较低。当前普遍施行的地质灾害数据管理,采用的是从多角度、多层面、多空间等对地质灾害体及其孕育环境表达的多尺度数据集,因此各类数据的表达形式、数据精度、数据质量、时间表达等多方面存在着较大的差异性。构建了地质灾害多源异构数据集成方法体系,系统总结了数据的结构特征与管理方法,结合数据结构特征,使用PostgreSQL数据库管理属性数据,使用MongoDB数据库集群进行管理,使用GeoServer平台进行空间数据服务发布。研发地质灾害大数据ETL工具,集成数据库驱动、数据库适配器、数据模型等模块,实现对多源异构地质灾害大数据的有效管理。研发了一体化数据管理可视化平台,实现对各类数据进行统一管理与集成,为地质灾害基础数据的统一管理提供了综合数据平台,为地质灾害的防灾减灾、应急决策等提供数据和平台支撑。

基于开放数据的城市内涝点空间分布特征及集群识别分析——以昆明市主城区为例

以城市内涝点空间分布特征和同质性内涝点集群的识别及其孕灾环境分析为核心,选取昆明市主城区为案例地展开研究.以2020年新闻媒体公布的内涝点信息作为数据源,首先使用核密度和K函数分析内涝点的整体分布和集聚程度;其次,采用HDBSCAN空间聚类算法识别昆明市主城区不同类型的内涝点集群,并分析其集群特征;最后,结合孕灾环境数据,以集群为最小研究单元,探讨其孕灾环境的差异性.研究结果显示:①内涝点分布在空间上存在显著的尺度分异,呈现出大离散、小集聚的空间分布模式;②昆明市内涝点可划分为8种类型,每种类型至少有2个集群,最多有4个集群;③不同内涝点集群的孕灾环境存在一定差异,其中地形起伏对内涝点分布的影响最大,即集群范围内地形越崎岖不平,其发生内涝灾害的可能性越大.在城市内涝防治工作中可依据集群空间范围及孕灾特征制定差异化的防治措施,从而科学合理的分配防治力度,提高城市内涝治理工作的科学性及精细度.

城镇化推进模式与我国农业低碳全要素生产率——来自双源夜间灯光证据

本文利用卫星监测的数据构造夜间灯光复合指数表征城镇化水平,运用Superefficiency Ray Slacks-Based Measure(Super-RSBM)模型和Global Malmquist-Luenberger(GML)指数测算2000—2021年我国农业低碳全要素生产率(TFP),实证检验城镇化对我国农业低碳TFP的影响及其作用机制,并考察紧凑集约型和规模扩张型两种城镇化推进模式对农业低碳TFP的异质性影响。研究发现,从全国来看,城镇化推进与农业低碳TFP之间具有显著的U型关系,且邻近地区农业低碳TFP的提升对本地区产生示范效应;分区域来看,这种U型关系主要体现在农业适度发展区,而农业优化发展区的城镇化与农业低碳TFP之间呈现显著的正向线性关系,表明农业优化发展区应发挥“领头羊”作用,带动适度发展区早日跨越U型曲线的拐点,实现城镇化带动农业绿色发展;紧凑集约型的城镇化深度推进模式能够显著提升农业低碳TFP,而规模扩张型的城镇化广度推进模式降低了农业低碳TFP;农业低碳技术进步、农村劳动力转移、规模效应、农业产业链延伸和农村居民可支配收入增加是城镇化影响农业低碳TFP的主要途径。

基于城市土地利用碳排放源识别的国土空间规划支撑研究——以南京市为例

文章以南京市为例,探索基于多源空间大数据“自上而下”与“自下而上”相结合的方法识别城市土地利用的碳排放源。通过自上而下地从宏观层面分析统计数据,将碳排放总量分配到城市不同区域,进而自下而上地从居民建筑、产业活动和交通等排放活动出发,计算出具体地块的碳排放。研究旨在为南京的生态空间、紧凑用地、绿色行为、结构优化、产业新城等方面提供国土空间规划支持,促进碳达峰、碳中和目标的实现。