Function of Agricultural Land Use and Its Evolvement in Peri-urban Area: A Case Study of Beijing

Rapid urbanization in Beijing stimulates the urban land expansion and diminishes available agricultural land. Monofunctional agricultural land use can not meet the demand of the devel- opment of the multifunctional agriculture and urbanization any more, so multifunctional agricultural land use is going to be promoted in the city. This article proposes the evolvement of the land use change from 1992 to 2004 and discusses some evolvement views.

Evaluation of Intensive Urban Land Use Based on an Artificial Neural Network Model:A Case Study of Nanjing City,China

In this paper, the artificial neural network(ANN) model was used to evaluate the degree of intensive urban land use in Nanjing City, China. The construction and application of the ANN model took into account the comprehensive, spatial and complex nature of urban land use. Through a preliminary calculation of the degree of intensive land use of the sample area, representative sample area selection and using the back propagation neural network model to train, the intensive land use level of each evaluation unit is finally determined in the study area. Results show that the method can effectively correct the errors caused by the limitations of the model itself and the determination of the ideal value and weights when the multifactor comprehensive evaluation is used alone. The ANN model can make the evaluation results more objective and practical. The evaluation results show a tendency of decreasing land use intensity from the core urban area to the periphery and the industrial functional area has relatively low land use intensity compared with other functional areas. Based on the evaluation results, some suggestions are put forward, such as transforming the mode of urban spatial expansion, strengthening the integration and potential exploitation of the land in the urban built-up area, and strengthening the control of the construction intensity of protected areas.

Impact of Urbanisation on Land Use/Land Cover in Puducherry City, India

The change of land use plays a major role in the developmental activity of a developing country. Due to rapid growth of urbanisation and dramatic increasing population, the fertile agricultural land has been converted to built-up area with respect to the demand for housing requirement and to the need for basic infrastructure facilities. The quantum of open space and surface water bodies has also been encroached. There has been a rapid growth of population in Puducherry city from 3.48 million in 1991 to 5.44 million in 2011. Hence the conservation of natural resources becomes one of the major challenges especially in small and medium town. This study was conducted to assess the effect of change on land use in urban agglomeration area of Puducherry city for the duration period from 1997 to 2017. There has been an increase in population in Puducherry city mainly attributed to higher scale of migration from adjoining rural areas and medium town for better education, job opportunities and quality life. Hence, it has been strongly recommended for stringent Development Control Regulations to quantify the urban sprawl and manage the impact of urbanisation of land use/land cover in Puducherry city.

Analysis of the Relationship between Land Surface Temperature and Vegetation and Built-Up Indices in Upper-Hill, Nairobi

Designing “liveable” cities as climate change effects are felt all over the world has become a priority to city authorities as ways are sought to reduce rising temperatures in urban areas. Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect occurs when there is a difference in temperature between rural and urban areas. In urban areas, impervious surfaces absorb heat during the day and release it at night, making urban areas warmer compared to rural areas which cool faster at night. This Urban Heat Island effect is particularly noticeable at night. Noticeable negative effects of Urban Heat Islands include health problems, air pollution, water shortages and higher energy requirements. The main objective of this research paper was to analyze the spatial and temporal relationship between Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Normalized Density Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Built-Up Density Index (BDI) in Upper-Hill, Nairobi Kenya. The changes in land cover would be represented by analyzing the two indices NDVI and BDI. Results showed the greatest increase in temperature within Upper-Hill of up to 3.96&#176C between the years 2015 and 2017. There was also an increase in impervious surfaces as indicated by NDVI and BDI within Upper-Hill and its surroundings. The linear regression results showed a negative correlation between LST and NDVI and a positive correlation with BDI, which is a better predictor of Land Surface Temperature than NDVI. Data sets were analyzed from Landsat imagery for the periods 1987, 2002, 2015 and 2017 to determine changes in land surface temperatures over a 30 year period and it’s relation to land cover changes using indices. Visual comparisons between Temperature differences between the years revealed that temperatures decreased around the urban areas. Minimum and maximum temperatures showed an increase of 1.6&#176C and 3.65&#176C respectively between 1987 and 2017. The comparisons between LST, NDVI and BDI show the results to be significantly different. The use of NDVI and BDI to study changes in land cover due to urbanization, reduces the time taken to manually classify moderate resolution satellite imagery.

Urban Land-banking Planning:A New Instrument to Regulate Urban Land Supply-demand of Nanjing City

It is the major purpose of the paper to present the urban land-banking planning and its functions of promoting the urban land-banking system and land use administration.The urban land-banking system has the potential attribute of acting as an irreplaceable role in urban land administration,but its unexpected function-deviation has impacted its implementation effect in China.A few city governments are attempting to deal with the problem by the urban land-banking planning which is expected to contribute to the extension of urban function,optimization of urban patterns,promotion of urban core competitiveness and overall construction of the urban value chain.In this paper,we primarily discuss the necessity,functions,purposes and main contents of the urban land-banking planning.Subsequently,the implementing situation of the urban land-banking system in Nan- jing is analyzed,including its integrated mode,spatio-temporal quantitative distribution and main characteristics.Finally,the background and targets including total,compositions,space,and regulation points are gradually introduced to present the Nanjing land-banking planning version 2.

Welfare Balance of Different Interest Groups During Rural-urban Land Conversion

Rural-urban land conversion is currently a common social economic phenomenon during the process of economic development and rural urbanization in China. Rural-urban land conversion is positively effective as far as social and economic benefits are concerned (Yang, 2002), but its negative effect is also evident, resulting in such problems as low efficiency of rural land configuration and loss of social welfare. Consequently, farm-ers should also have an equal chance to enjoy the social welfare enhanced by land conversion. Based on the theories of welfare economy, this paper puts forward policy suggestions by discussing the welfare changes of various interest groups, builds the model of welfare distribution, and analyzes the conditions of maximizing social welfare. The absolute and opposite value of social welfare is closely related with the speed of rural-urban land conversion, and governments should give farmers and collectives fair compensa-tion to make up for the utility loss caused by land expropriation, which are conclusions drawn from this paper. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for regulating targets and evaluation criteria, realizing the mechanism and implementation of public po-lices during rural-urban land conversion.

“城乡两栖”视角下农村宅基地“三权分置”问题研究

“三权分置”改革有助于化解“城乡两栖”背景下宅基地的制度困境。在我国城镇化进程和乡村振兴过程中,城乡人口双向流动以及异地居住的“城乡两栖”现象日益明显。人口迁居带来了宅基地及其地上房屋所承载的居住功能弱化,而它们的财产功能和社会情感功能则逐渐增强。总体来看,现有部分制度抑制了宅基地的产权权能开发和资产价值挖掘,造成了闲置、低效利用与隐性流转共存的困局,需要合理推进“三权分置”改革。宅基地“三权分置”改革受到乡村治理机制不完善、产权边界不清晰、农民宅基地权属观念模糊等因素掣肘,面临所有权主体虚置、过度“资本化”等诸多问题,阻碍了相关体制机制创新。为此,“三权分置”改革需要清晰界定“三权”边界,明确宅基地的法权属性,在保障农户资格权的基础上适度拓展宅基地使用权,推动实现宅基地的财产价值;引入市场机制多元盘活闲置宅基地,进而提高土地资源利用效率。

快速城市化地区耕地功能性流失测度评价与实证分析

[目的]揭示快速城市化发展下耕地功能性流失现象的阶段性特征,探讨流失类型和流失等级的时空格局与管控策略,为优化区域耕地保护、保障粮食安全提供思路借鉴。[方法]基于快速城市化地区耕地功能性流失的类型特征解析,从“用途—产能—储量”三维视角构建其综合测度体系,监测耕地功能的流失程度并预测流失风险,进一步针对各级流失区域提出管控策略,以江苏省江阴市为研究区开展了实证研究。[结果](1)统筹考虑耕地功能流失的阶段性特征,以此划分耕地功能性流失的主要类型,探索定量表征快速城市化进程下耕地功能性流失程度和风险的方法,对缓解耕地保护与经济发展冲突具有重要理论支撑。(2)江阴市用途流失维中种植非粮食作物面积占比最大,共涉及267个村;产能流失维涉及的村域较少,仅59个村;储量流失中,中低风险类型区涉及的村域较多且数量相当,分别为104个村和115个村。(3)基于综合评价体系,江阴市村域中二级流失占比最大(71.17%),在未来发展中需对不同流失程度实施完善农业建设、优化农业空间布局、加强流失风险监测等差异化治理策略。[结论]耕地功能性流失现象在发生时间、受干扰因素和表现形式等方面存在阶段性特征,其时空格局在分维和综合维度上各具差异,因地施策可为促进区域耕地保护与利用,完善耕地功能风险监测与预警,进而优化国土空间合理布局等提供理论支撑。

利用POI及其面积数据识别株洲市中心区城市用地功能

城市用地功能识别是城市转型阶段的重要任务。传统方法通过POI数据进行城市用地功能识别,由于POI数据不具有规模信息而需人为赋权,导致主观性较大。利用部分POI的面积数据作为POI规模的补充,定义POI簇,再基于POI簇对株洲市中心城区进行识别。结果表明:①原有识别方法有可能识别出与城市现状不符的功能混杂情况;②POI簇因功能和区位不同而呈现出不同的面积和规模;③与地图对比发现,面积信息叠加后的识别比原有方法更精确;④叠加后株洲市部分区域呈现与原有方法不同的城市结构,经验证该结构更符合实际情况。

长江下游城市群三生功能分异性研究

基于长江下游城市群三生功能体系,分析城市群空间分布特征及关联特性。研究发现,长江下游城市群三生功能差异显著,由核心城市向外围区域递减趋势明显,低值区域整体成片分布,空间呈现东高西低形态;长江下游城市群生产功能差距明显缩小,生活功能总体水平显著上升,核心城市生态功能拥有比较优势;长江下游城市群内生产功能联系更加紧密,生活功能联系显著增强,生态环境重视度逐渐提升。据此,从产业互补与集聚、宜居宜业环境、生态功能区域联动等方面提出针对性建议,以期促进长江下游城市群绿色可持续发展。

城市更新背景下的快速路功能提升关键技术研究--以上海市外环普陀段交通功能提升为例

随着我国城市化逐步推进,特别是在"坚持节约和集约利用土地、严格控制新增建设用地、加大存量用地挖潜力度、提高土地利用效率"的高质量发展基调下,我国城镇建设转向以存量更新为主的新阶段.城市的发展离不开交通的支撑,因此,在新阶段城市更新背景下,探究如何提升城市快速路功能是非常值得研究的课题.以外环普陀段功能提升项目为例,分析地区发展与外环建设形式间的主要矛盾,从重构地区干道路网、提高路网功能、缝合城市用地等方面详细论证提升的必要性,并进一步提出功能提升的具体方案.

“多规合一”前后市级国土空间规划指标体系变化分析

为厘清市级国土空间规划指标体系的缘起和建构过程,本文对比分析了原主体功能区规划市级层面指标、市级土地利用总体规划指标、城市总体规划指标与“多规合一”后的市级国土空间规划指标。研究发现,市级国土空间规划指标通过“规划分区+控制线+约束性指标+名录管控”的方式整合重塑了国土空间安全底线;延续了优化国土空间结构、提升资源利用效率、节约集约利用土地和促进绿色低碳发展的主要任务,促进高质量发展;在中心城区规划层级较为完整地沿用城市总体规划用地布局原理、公共服务设施配置标准、市政设施和道路交通设计标准来描绘高品质生活;通过整合体检评估机制,实现了在纵向和横向上对规划实施进行行政监督。

河南省城镇化、碳排放与“三生”空间交互机制分析

以往对城镇化与碳排放关系的研究,通常强调“人”的作用,而忽视“人-地-碳”的耦合效果。为探索城镇化、碳排放与“三生”空间的交互机制,该研究基于DNA模型三级结构视角,构建城镇化、碳排放与“三生”空间耦合模型,并采用环境库兹涅茨曲线、Logistic方程和脱钩分析方法,对三者间存在的数量关系进行验证和分析,以揭示其交互机制。结果表明:1)人口与土地城镇化导致生态、生产、生活空间结构失衡,影响生态环境品质,表现出城镇化发展水平与碳排放水平严重负脱钩,伴随城镇化升级推进,生产、生活、生态空间将进一步融合,空间布局将趋于协调,严重负脱钩逐步向适度耦合转型,逐渐形成“人-地-碳”最佳耦合关系。2)河南省城镇化率与碳排放量间存在显著的倒“U”型曲线关系,两者脱钩状态表现出较强的阶段性,整体呈现“增长负脱钩向强脱钩转变,间歇性夹杂弱脱钩与增长耦合”的特点,并预测河南省将在2026年实现碳达峰,随后进入碳减排阶段。3)河南省“三生”空间总体呈现生产空间有序减少、生活空间稳步扩张、生态空间稳定发展的趋势,“三生”空间变化与碳排放相关关系表现为生产空间对碳排放的贡献增加,生活空间对碳排放的贡献减小,生态空间对碳排放的贡献基本稳定,由此提出空间布局应减缓生活空间扩张,提高生态空间占比增加碳汇,降低生产空间产生的碳排放。研究结果能够为区域新型城镇化建设、双碳战略实施提供定量参考和决策依据。

Territorial and Urban Evolution of Economic Zone along Durresi Street(Kamza Junction-Kashar Turn)

The territorial expansion of the economic zones along Tirana-Durres corridor,is considered as clear evidence of regional economic development.Since the first 10 years of 1990-2000,the need for a functional planning process was clearly noted.In the early 2000’s,the linear planning on both sides of the highway,from KJ(Kamza Junction)to KT(Kashar Turn),was the real demonstration of that need.This article is a first effort towards an indirect analysis on spatial urban development processes of the last 20 years,indicated by development urban plans for Greater Tirana.This analysis concludes on the defects on integration of this area into the existing structure of Tirana,which are reflected in the new regulatory plans during 2012-2016.This article identifies the functional zoning phenomena,forms and rates of parcels occupation,analyzed through the land use indicators coverage.The urban analysis is focused also on identifying the achievements and failures on the design of spatial structures of social importance.This analysis intends to lead towards a more detailed study of the ways that enable the integration of this industrial area with the residential zone.It is considered as an attempt,which raises a number of issues,for helping the planners,architects and city administrators,involved in the planning and implementation of Partial Urban Plans.

Analyzing Urban Expansion and Spatial Growth Patterns in Barahathawa Municipality of Central Tarai Region, Nepal

The rapid transformation of rural settlements into municipalities in Ne­pal has brought significant changes in land use,and urban expansion and growth patterns mostly through the conversion of agricultural land into the built-up area.The issue is studied taking a case of the rapidly growing town,Barahathawa Municipality of Tarai Region of Sarlahi District.After the declaration of the municipality,several new roads have been opened and upgraded;and the municipality is well-connected to the national transportation network.After promulgated the Constitution of Nepal 2015 and functioning the elected local body,the municipality budget has been increased significantly as a result of increasing municipal investment in so­cio-economic and physical infrastructure development and environmental protection which has attracted people,goods,and services creating the zone of influence on the municipality.One of the changes found in the munici­pality is the increasing built-up area and expansion of urban growth through the decreasing agricultural land.Urban growth has been observed taking place around the Barahathawa Bazaar and main roadsides.The built-up area in Barahathawa municipality has remarkably increased by 183percent with the decrease of shrub and agricultural land within 10 years.Implica­tions of such spatial and temporal dynamics have been a core issue of urban planning in most of the newly declared municipalities in Nepal.

城市轨道交通车辆基地用地规划对综合开发绩效的影响

轨道交通车辆基地用地规划的选址和用地规模对综合开发的可行性和经济性影响显著。通过对车辆基地综合开发的建设周期、建设成本和开发强度分析,发现各个城市的落实程度和效果不一,整体出现综合利用比例低、综合绩效不理想等现象。以北京、南宁等城市为例,对典型车辆基地的规划布局和用地规模进行研究,车辆基地选址普遍位于非生活区,周边缺乏配套基础设施;用地规模受节地模式的影响,导致地块狭长、缺少腹地。研究结果表明在多样化的车辆基地用地程序下,重大项目和单独选址的用地模式导致车辆基地普遍采用节地模式,从而削弱综合利用结构转换层落地的可能性,缺少腹地限制了联合开发与综合平衡的可能性;由于在选址阶段考虑土地收储成本,导致位于城市边缘地区的车辆基地易受地价和周边开发成熟度的制约,影响综合利用率和上盖开发业态。基于此,对车辆基地在功能定位、选址标准、用地程序、规划编制等方面存在的缺失和错位提出改进建议。

城镇低效用地多准则识别与空间格局研究——以呼和浩特市中心城区为例

选取内蒙古首府呼和浩特中心城区为研究区,采用GIS空间分析、定性与定量相结合等方法,构建了基于主体功能区的城镇低效用地多准则识别体系,探究了研究区低效用地空间分布特征.结果表明:(1)研究区五大功能区城镇低效用地综合比例为15.83%,各功能区低效用地比例不同.商业功能区和工业功能区低效用地占比较少,行政办公功能区、教育功能区和居住功能区低效用地占比均在25%以上,集约化水平较低.(2)空间分布上各功能区低效用地均呈“西南—东北”走向,以及“大集聚,小分散”的集聚形态特征.其中,低效用地集聚在西南方向的玉泉区,主要为居住功能区低效用地;赛罕区形成居住功能区和教育功能区两个低效用地较为集中区;新城区低效用地等级较低且分散,土地利用集约程度较高.

城市的“孔洞”:环泉州湾区域城乡粘连地区低效用地的分布特征与弥合策略探析

在城市发展过程中,部分由多城镇集群组成的城市在其城乡粘连区域出现了逐渐被高密度城市建成区反向包围的低强度低效“孔洞”空间,这种在整体空间形态层面表现的“孔洞”现象鲜有研究关注。文章基于空间形态与功能使用大数据,通过“形态-效用”关联模型的综合评估,以环泉州湾区域为例,总结城市“孔洞”的空间特征及其低效成因,旨在从整体效用最优的动态视角出发,探索弥合城市“孔洞”与优化空间效用的策略,为城市的高效统筹发展提供借鉴。

长沙市建成区城市用地功能变化的特征识别

为快速城市化进程中有效理解城市用地功能的时空变化特征提供一种快速有效的创新方法。基于POI(Points of Interest)与RS(Remote Sensing)数据,运用频数密度与类型比例法、核密度分析法,识别长沙市建成区2012年与2022年城市用地功能的变化特征。两期城市用地均呈现混合与单一功能用地“中心-外围”的圈层化地域分布格局,总功能用地增加39.04%;单一的工业用地规模最大且增加最显著,绿地与广场用地以及交通设施用地大大增加;主要的混合功能用地类型不变,但混合度增加16.85%。对比RS识别结果,基于POI数据精细化提取与划分城市单一与混合功能用地进行功能变化特征分析,更加符合实际情况。

城市建成区土地承载压力与潜力分析评价方法

土地是城市发展建设的主要承载体。对城市土地承载压力与潜力的分析评价,可以获知其压力与潜力的空间差异和分布,挖掘土地潜在存量和价值,优化土地资源配置,进而为土地的集约节约利用提供管理和决策信息。选择城市人口、经济、建设和交通4个方面作为建成区土地的主要承载对象,基于对城市生活空间和生产空间的功能划分,分别构建土地承载压力与潜力评价指标体系,基于GIS空间分析方法进行精细的指标计算和测算,利用地理加权主成分模型开展了土地资源承载压力综合评价,获得分析评价的有关数据信息。利用武汉市地理国情普查数据和社会经济数据,对该方法进行了验证。研究表明,该方法可以有效揭示压力和潜力的差异和分布,对建设平衡稳定的自然生态空间体系,引导城市有序发展和土地资源的合理配置,具有重要的现实意义。