Design Strategies of Urban Cluster Based on the Concept of Green Transportation

Taking the planning practice of green transportation in Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city as an example,the key factors and design strategies for its healthy development were summarized from the aspects of the coordination of land use and traffic development,the development of the public transport plus slow traffic model,and the development of reasonable and humanized traffic management measures,through analyzing the connotation and scale of green cluster.In addition,the design strategies of the green transportation concept suitable for the development of urban clusters represented by Guangming New District in Shenzhen were proposed,so as to provide a reference for promoting better the coordinated development of green traffic and cities,and maximizing the economic,social and environmental benefits of green transportation development.

A quantitative assessment of the distribution and extent of urban clusters in China

Urban clusters are the expected products of high levels of industry and urbanization in a country, as well as being the basic units of participation in global competition. With respect to China, urban clusters are regarded as the dominant formation for boosting the Chinese urbanization process. However, to date, there is no coincident, efficient, and credible methodological system and set of techniques to identify Chinese urban clusters. This research investigates the potential of a computerized identification method supported by geographic information techniques to provide a better understanding of the distribution of Chinese urban clusters. The identification method is executed based on a geographic information database, a digital elevation model, and socio-economic data with the aid of ArcInfo Macro Language programming. In the method, preliminary boundaries are identified accord-ing to transportation accessibility, and final identifications are achieved from limiting city numbers, population, and GDP in a region with the aid of the rasterized socio-economic dataset. The results show that the method identifies nine Chinese urban clusters, i.e., Pearl River Delta, Lower Yangtze River Valley, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, Northeast China Plain, Middle Yangtze River Valley, Central China Plains, Western Taiwan Strait, Guanzhong and Chengdu-Chongqing urban clusters. This research represents the first study involving the computerized identification of Chinese urban clusters. Moreover, compared to other related studies, the study’s approach, which combines transportation accessibility and socio-economic characteristics, is shown to be a distinct, effective and reliable way of identifying urban clusters.

Externalities, Transport Networks and the Economic Growth of Urban Clusters

This article uses network analysis tools and new economic geography theory to modify the rico-classical model of regional economic growth, establishes an economic growth model of urban clusters based on externalities and transport networks through a differentiation of transaction costs, and uses the 1990-2008 data of some Chinese cities and the VAR model to test the model. Our empirical study shows that under the influence of transport networks, central cities rely on factor agglomeration for growth, while peripheral cities catch up quickly; that improved transport networks expedite the factor agglomeration of central cities; and that when some newly-added factors are reserved, increasing the node clustering coefficient and reducing peripheral cities＇ transport costs will promote these cities＇ application of externalities, expedite their economic growth, and facilitate the coordinated growth of central and peripheral cities. Therefore, in building the transport infrastructure, equal emphasis should be placed on linking central cities with peripheral ones and on linking peripheral cities with each other.

Comparisons and predictions of intercity population migration propensity in major urban clusters in China: based on use of the Baidu index

The development of the Internet and big data have made it possible to study pop-ulation migration and flow between cities.This study analyzes the probability of the population migration propensity of China’s three major urban clusters,identi-fies the direction of population movements,and uses Markov chains to predict the probability of population migration propensity moving forward in order to assess the intercity population migration trends of urban clusters in the future.Internet search engine data is used,and a population migration propensity intensity model is used for calculations.The results show that the Pearl River Delta urban cluster and the Yangtze River Delta urban clusters are areas of active population migration,and that intercity population migration is a part of this activity.Intercity population migra-tion in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban cluster is not as active as it is in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta urban cluster.Although the physical distance between Beijing and surrounding cities is relatively small,the correlation degree of migration propensity is not high.In the future,Shanghai,Nanjing,and Zhoushan in the Yangtze River Delta urban cluster;Zhuhai,Shenzhen,Guangzhou,Huizhou,and Zhongshan in the Pearl River Delta urban cluster;and Tianjin in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban cluster will be the main destinations of China’s population migration.

Cluster Development of Zhengzhou Urban Agriculture Based on Diamond Model

Based on basic theory of Diamond Model,this paper analyzes the competitive power of Zhengzhou urban agriculture from production factors,demand conditions,related and supporting industries,business strategies and structure,and horizontal competition.In line with these situations,it introduces that the cluster development is an effective approach to lifting competitive power of Zhengzhou urban agriculture.Finally,it presents following countermeasures and suggestions:optimize spatial distribution for cluster development of urban agriculture;cultivate leading enterprises and optimize organizational form of urban agriculture;energetically develop low-carbon agriculture to create favorable ecological environment for cluster development of urban agriculture.

城市群规划实施效果评估研究——以长株潭城市群为例

长株潭城市群经济发展对于湖南省以及中国中西部地区的发展至关重要,且该城市群规划实施的效果对其他城市群有重要借鉴意义。基于此,文章根据2000-2017年地级市面板数据,采用合成控制法,评估长株潭城市群规划实施后对城镇化和环境质量的影响。评估分析表明,长株潭城市群规划的实施推动了城市群城乡融合,在一定程度上促进了城镇化的进程,但对环境造成了一定的负面影响,其原因在于长株潭城市群内城市之间的非均衡发展。因此,城市群应着眼于制定合理规划,促进城市均衡发展,重点落实城乡融合和生态文明;各级政府应加强公共治理,强化监督和治理责任,以更好地实现城市群规划的既定目标。

黄河流域城市群新型城镇化-生态安全-公共健康协调发展研究

为改善黄河流域生态环境、加强黄河治理保护、促进沿黄地区高质量发展,选取2002-2021年黄河流域7个城市群60个地级市(州)的面板数据,运用熵权法、综合评价模型、耦合协调度模型和BP神经网络模型分析探讨了黄河流域7个城市群的新型城镇化-生态安全-公共健康协调发展状况及其时空演化特征与未来发展趋势。结果表明:①2002-2021年黄河流域城市群新型城镇化、生态安全和公共健康子系统发展水平均有所提升;②新型城镇化-生态安全-公共健康系统耦合协调水平总体上呈现波动增长态势,在整体格局上,位于黄河流域中下游的山东半岛城市群和中原城市群系统发展水平较好,而其他城市群则较差;③预测2022-2026年黄河流域各城市群新型城镇化-生态安全-公共健康系统协调水平将整体显著提升。根据评估与预测结果,提出了相应的对策建议。

Method for Evaluating the Influence of Obstruction of Sea Breeze by Clusters of High-Rise Buildings on the Urban Heat Island Effect

This study aims to propose a method for quantitatively evaluating the influence which the obstruction of sea breezes by clusters of high-rise buildings has on the urban heat island effect using a weather simulation model and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Specifically, a method of evaluating the influence of the obstruction of sea breeze by high-rise buildings on the urban heat island effect was proposed. In the method, two scenarios that imagine urban forms which differ with regard to whether or not they contain high-rise buildings are created and weather simulation is conducted, and the results of the simulations are comparatively analyzed focusing on temperature and wind speed. Evaluation was conducted in two stages, and Shiodome of Minato City in the Tokyo Metropolis was selected as the region for evaluation. In two stages of evaluation, a rise in temperature of approximately 0.3 K and a reduction in wind speed of approximately 1 m/s were observed in a region approximately five to ten kilometers square downwind of high-rise buildings in the period 6 PM to 9 PM, and a higher temperature caused by the obstruction of sea breeze by high-rise buildings was identified. The fact that such a higher temperature was confirmed in the time period from 6 PM onwards, in which the temperature decreases, reveals that obstruction of sea breeze by high-rise buildings dulls the decrease in temperature which occurs from evening onwards, and influences nighttime urban heat island formation.

新时期阿克苏地区城乡供水安全保障体系探析

本文以阿克苏地区城乡供水安全保障体系为例,在对当地城乡供水现状及存在的问题进行分析的基础上,结合未来发展和新时期供水思路,因地制宜,积极推进城市群供水、城乡一体化供水和集中供水,实施多水源供水和应急备用水源工程,构建与当地经济社会发展相适应的城乡供水安全保障体系,大大提高了供水保障程度。研究成果可为其他地区城乡供水提供一定的参考和借鉴。

长三角城市群FDI、技术创新与先进制造业集群发展

FDI和技术创新是长三角城市群先进制造业集群发展的重要影响因素。文章基于2010—2021年长三角城市群26个城市面板数据,分析FDI对先进制造业集群发展的直接作用机制以及技术创新在FDI与先进制造业集群发展之间的中介作用机制,并运用面板回归模型和中介效应模型检验理论假设。研究结果表明:长三角城市群FDI对先进制造业集群发展具有显著的正向作用,其作用机制主要表现为促进集群网络化、产业链优化和劳动力流动;技术创新在FDI与先进制造业集群发展之间具有显著的中介作用。根据研究结论提出长三角城市群促进FDI高质量发展、提高先进制造业集群的科技创新能力、加强FDI与技术创新的协同效应等政策建议。

影响城市交通发展的基础问题研究

中国城市的发展阶段和趋势特征与社会主义市场经济体制改革的进程息息相关,不同阶段经济社会、城乡建设、法律制度、行政管理、财税制度等各方面的变革都对城市交通发展产生深刻影响。因此,研究新时期城市交通的发展模式必须遵循国家政策和改革措施。通过梳理改革开放以来的变革进程,总结当前中国发展呈现的一系列阶段性新特征,包括社会主要矛盾转变为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾,经济体制改革强调推动有效市场和有为政府的更好结合,法律制度规定将城市交通问题的事权和财权划分为地方事务,城市发展进入区域化、数字化、低碳化发展新阶段等。基于这些特征,要求坚持城市政府的主体地位,以改革促进城市交通发展,支撑现代化都市圈培育,面向居民需求提升城市可持续发展能力和竞争力。

城市洪涝风险的多方法组合评估与应用

近年来,受全球气候变化与城镇化快速发展的双重影响,城市极端降水事件频发,由此引发的城市洪涝灾害常造成灾难性的生命和财产损失,给城市公共安全带来了严重威胁。由于不同评估方法中指标赋权不同,评价结果往往存在较大差异,给风险评估与区划工作带来了诸多困难。因此,通过融合不同方法的权重构建一套复合权重,进而解决不同评估方法中结论非一致性的问题,这对于提升风险评估的准确性是至关重要的。该文以湖北省为例,旨从危险性、暴露性、脆弱性和恢复性四个层面构建城市洪涝风险评估体系。首先,分别采用熵权法和层次分析法计算指标权重;之后,通过Kendall检验判断两套权重序列的一致性并给出相应的复合权重计算结果;最后以湖北省下辖8个城市的历史洪涝事件为例,对上述风险评价结果进行了验证。结果显示,与熵权法和层次分析法相比,基于复合权重的组合评价方法具有更高的准确率。

制造业集聚对城市经济韧性的影响研究

在城市迈向高质量发展的进程中,面对复杂多变的国内外环境,提升城市经济韧性变得越发重要。文章在探究制造业集聚对城市经济韧性影响机理的基础上,运用2008—2021年中国278个城市面板数据进行实证研究。研究发现:制造业集聚可以显著提升城市经济韧性,且这一影响作用具有明显的异质性;有效市场与有为政府的耦合协同效应在制造业集聚提升城市经济韧性的过程中起正向调节作用且具有异质性;空间效应分析表明,制造业集聚对城市经济韧性提升具有正向空间溢出效应。据此,文章针对如何提高城市经济韧性提出相应对策建议。

国家城市群发展战略背景下成渝公共图书馆异构业务系统互通实践

以成渝城市群公共图书馆业务系统互通实践为例,探索在我国现行的“一级政府建设并管理一个图书馆”的基本格局下,面对“行政分管、系统异构、规则不通”的现实难题,打通跨省域城市群公共图书馆系统、文献通借通还的系统框架设计及技术实现的路径。通过创新应用社保卡(电子社保卡)、RFID终端识别技术,结合中台思想,搭建“社保卡信息中转平台”“图书通借通还RFID中转平台”,跨省域实现城市群公共图书馆异构业务系统“读者互认”“图书互借”功能,避免了异地、异构业务系统“硬对接”带来的复杂性、高投入风险,可降低技术实施门槛、缩短应用开发周期、节约财政经费投入,是西部地区首创以社保卡(电子社保卡)为主要服务载体,跨省域实现多源异构业务系统互联的实例。相关的软件平台、技术解决方案能够为国内城市群公共图书馆系统互通提供借鉴,将有助于加快推动跨省域城市群公共图书馆一体化建设的进程。

宁波都市区森林城市群建设现状、发展指标与总体布局——基于中欧合作研究的城市群森林建设规划

区域是生态环境的共同体,需要协同在城市群尺度推进森林城市群建设。基于对宁波都市区森林城市群建设现状的分析,结合上位规划要求及国内外经验,构建包括7项一级指标(生态资源总量、生态网络、生态保护修复、生物多样性、生态文化、生态福利、区域协同)、24项二级指标的宁波都市区森林城市群建设指标体系;同时,立足宁波都市区现状与发展目标,形成都市区“两山三湾一岛链”,中心区“两屏一区、多廊多点”,生态建设核心区“绿心、绿隔、绿核、绿廊、绿网、绿园”的森林城市群分层布局。研究结果不仅对宁波都市区森林城市群的落地建设具有指导作用,也对我国其他地区森林城市群建设具有重要的参考价值。

中国典型城市交通出行特征及未来道路交通演变研究

为建立适合不同城市特点的交通体系,并明确定位汽车在其中承担的作用,文章首先从外部环境和交通工具两大维度出发,建立了表征城市整体交通出行情况的多层级评价体系;并基于一级指标的得分,对选取的9座中国典型城市的交通出行特征进行了聚类分析,确定了城市的不同类型;然后通过多元回归分析,识别了影响城市道路交通的主要因素;最后通过相关因素变化的情景假设,预测了各城市道路交通效率可能的演变情况,并提出了相关政策建议。

快速路晴雨天环境运行特征差异及最佳服务流率

城市快速路雨天较晴天通行缓慢、拥堵频发,通过对比雨天、晴天环境下快速路运行特征,揭示晴雨环境下服务流率与车速的动态关系,是城市快速路智能化动态管理的首要问题,为此研究快速路晴雨天环境下的最佳服务流率分析方法。首先,利用线圈检测数据分析雨天和晴天环境下流率、速度、占有率的分布特征,采用K-S检验证实了晴雨天交通流存在显著差异;分别对雨天和晴天进行通行能力及运行失效分析,结果显示按现行规范标准确定的饱和度(V/C)并不适用于雨天交通流服务水平分析,存在侧重强调最大通过量而对发生交通失效后表达不准确的局限性。鉴于此,提出兼顾一定运行车速且最大化服务交通量的方法,给出最佳服务流率的概念及其确定方法。建立综合流量—速度—占有率的3维K-Means聚类模型,得到雨天、晴天运行失效前后的交通状态聚类结果,阐释了运行失效前后的服务流率与服务水平关系,指出运行失效前稳定流率可以作为最佳服务流率。

城市电网电缆群输送能力提升与管控技术述评

电缆因具有优异的稳定性、安全性和美观性而被广泛应用于城市输电线路。针对城市电缆群负荷整定保守、输送能力不足、实时管控困难三重挑战,分别从电缆群温升准确评估、输送能力提升、健康状态评估、负荷管控四个方面深入阐述了城市电网电缆群负荷管控实现过程中的关键技术,旨在形成一套精准的电缆群输送能力管控方案,进而为城市电网电缆群输送能力的提升与负荷管控技术的应用提供借鉴。

环鄱阳湖城市群“三生”用地转型的生态环境效应及其地形梯度分析

[目的]准确评估“三生”用地转型对生态环境质量的影响,可为国土空间优化和区域高质量发展提供科学依据。[方法]基于环鄱阳湖城市群2000年、2010年、2020年的土地利用数据,使用土地转移矩阵、生态环境质量指数、地形分布指数等方法,分析了“三生”用地转型过程、生态环境效应及其梯度分异特征。[结果](1) 2000—2020年环鄱阳湖城市群生活用地大幅增长(1 063.45 km^(2)),生态用地持续减少(997.41 km^(2)),生产用地总体上保持稳定,主要的用地转型模式为城镇生活用地和工矿生产用地对农业生产用地和林地生态用地的侵占。(2)时序变化上,2000—2010年,随着工矿生产用地和城乡生活用地的扩张,生态环境质量指数由1.428下降至1.424;2010—2020年,伴随着生态用地的恢复以及城镇生活用地和工矿生产用地内部格局的不断优化,生态环境质量指数由1.424升至1.447。(3)空间分布上,整体上呈现“东西高、中部低”的空间分布格局,形成了以南昌大都市圈为中心的中部生态环境质量低值区和以宜春市、景德镇市、上饶市为中心的东西部生态环境质量高值区。(4)随着地形梯度的上升,低质量区的分布指数下降,高等级质量区逐渐呈优势分布;2000—2020年,低质量区趋向于向高地形梯度转移,较高质量区和高质量区的下移趋势明显。[结论]20年间研究区的生态环境质量整体向好,空间分布差异较大。土地利用转型导致了用地属性及其空间格局的双重变化,建议在布局各类用地时,既要注重对生产、生活用地的“总量控制”,又要保证生态用地的完整性和连通性。

城市群集聚规模对城市工资水平的影响研究

城市群是城市发展的高级形态,近年来,随着我国城市发展水平的不断提高,城市群在区域经济中的地位日益突出。为了更好理解城市群的影响,以我国城市群作为研究对象,选取了相关城市2007-2021年的面板数据,对城市群集聚规模影响城市工资水平的方向和路径进行了实证分析。研究结果表明:城市群集聚规模对城市工资水平存在着显著的正向影响,且这种影响是异质的;城市群集聚规模主要通过推动城市产业升级和提升城市创新能力两种途径促进城市工资水平的提高。