The dynamic coupling model and its application of urbanization and eco-environment in Hexi Corridor

This paper, taking Hexi Corridor as an example, analyzes the altemating intimidation and the dynamic evolving relation between urbanization and eco-environment in arid area of West China. We argue that the harmonious development system of the urbanization and eco-environment would go through four phases： rudimentary symbiotic phase, harmonious developmental phase, utmost increasing phase and spiral type rising phase. Throughout the four phases, the elements of the system would influence each other, coerce each other, and complete the spiral type rising process from low-grade symbiosis to high-grade harmony together. The study on Hexi Corridor shows that the urbanization level in Hexi Corridor has increased gradually from 1985 to 2003 accompanied with the fluctuations of eco-environment state. The response of eco-environment to urbanization has been evident, but lagged behind the urbanization course. At present, the harmonious development system in Hexi Corridor was in its harmonious developmental phase. However, the coupling degree has increased quickly and approached 90 yet, which is signaling that the system is about to enter the utmost increasing phase, and the ecological crisis will enter the latent period. We have found that the coupling degree can well reflect the interactive coercing and dynamic evolving situation between urbanization and eco-environment in Hexi Corridor. From the temporal change of the coupling degree, it can be concluded that urbanization sometimes needs to pay a certain cost for the damage of the eco-environment in its initial stages, but as the urbanization continues, the state of the eco-environment would be meliorated.

Impact of Ecological Corridor Construction on Urban Space-A Case Study of Fen River Park in Taiyuan City

With the city development and construction, ecological corridor has become one of the most attractive areas in urban districts. Ecological corridor has produced not only ecological benefits, but also economic benefits and social benefits, especially banded ecological park. By analyzing the impact of Fen River Park on leisure space, living space, communication space, commercial space of Taiyuan, and expounding shortcomings of constructing Fen River Ecological Corridor, countermeasures and suggestions were put forward.

Spatio-temporal Analysis of Urban Spatial Interaction in Globalizing China—A Case Study of Beijing-Shanghai Corridor

This paper aims to explore urban geography with a new perspective. Endowed with the urban geography connotations, an improved data field model is employed to integrate temporal dimension into spatial process of cities in a typical region in this article. Taking the Beijing-Shanghai Corridor including 18 cities as an example, the authors chose the city centricity index (CCI) and the spatial data field model to analyze the evolution process and features of sub-region and urban spatial interaction in this corridor based on the data of 1991, 1996 and 2002. Through the analy- sis, we found that: 1) with the improvement of the urbanization level and the development of urban economy, the cit- ies’ CCI grew, the urban spatial radiative potential enhanced and the radiative range expanded gradually, which reflects the urban spatial interaction’s intensity has been increasing greatly; 2) although the spatial interaction intensity among the cities and sub-regions in the Beijing-Shanghai Corridor was growing constantly, the gap of the spatial interaction strength among different cities and sub-regions was widening, and the spatial division between the developed areas and the less developed areas was obvious; and 3) the intensity of the spatial interaction of Beijing, Shanghai and their urban agglomerations was far greater than that in small cities of other parts of the corridor, and it may have a strong drive force on the choice of spatial location of the economic activities.

基于功能连接度的城市生态廊道空间范围划定研究

如何科学确定城市生态廊道空间范围是城乡规划和风景园林领域最为关心的问题之一。基于电路理论模型量化源地间物种转移廊道的功能连接度,引入经济学“效益成本比”思想构建城市生态廊道空间范围划定模型,提取生态廊道功能连接度效益成本比的拐点作为该条廊道规划建设的参照宽度。结果显示:(1)研究区共识别59个30hm^(2)以上的生态源地,其中大型生态源地多处在研究区外围,景观阻力面空间分布特征具有明显地“核心-边缘”特征;(2)基于最小成本路径模型与电路理论提取出126条生态廊道,并识别了重要生态源地、夹点及障碍点,发现障碍点与夹点空间存在明显拮抗关系;(3)整合电路理论(Circuitscape平台Pairwise模式)与分段线性回归模型划定研究区城市生态廊道的参考宽度范围处于60.27~371.83m,并对比了现有功能连接度量化方法对廊道参照宽度有潜在影响。以上研究结论可为今后城市乃至区域生态网络构建提供科学借鉴。

多源数据支持下的宜昌市城市慢行廊道选线及设计研究

高速城市化进程加速了城市居民的生活节奏,同时也引发了城市交通拥堵、居民出行品质下降等问题。当前,城市建成环境是推动高质量发展、创建高品质生活的重要载体,而慢行廊道的建设是城市空间品质提升的重要途径。但城市慢性廊道的规划建设多是以自上而下的方式,缺少从人本尺度出发的精细化空间识别与选线效能评估。基于此,以宜昌市旧城区慢行廊道建设项目为例,结合市民出行特点与需求、城市物理空间环境等因素,充分考虑其通行性、景观性、舒适性、经济性,基于“5D理论”运用城市街景数据、POI数据、交通数据和热力图数据等对城市建成环境品质进行系统性测度,实现宜昌城市慢行廊道选线适宜性评估。并根据研究结论,从城市慢行系统交通组织、空间构成及基础服务设施维度提出相应设计策略。旨在将宜昌打造为通达舒适的标杆慢行廊道,为城市慢行系统的建设实践提供新的解决方案。

基于遥感影像和再分析数据的潜在城市通风廊道研究--以南京市为例

城市化进程的不断深化导致城市热岛效应加剧,建设大、中型城市通风廊道可有效缓解城市内空气流动困难问题,具有重要意义。基于Python开发语言,解译遥感影像和再分析数据,开发南京市通风廊道算法模型。通过Python与GDAL处理MODIS数据获取南京市地表温度数值,然后调用scipy对频度图进行高斯模糊处理,获取空间分辨率为1 km城市热源和低源的分布;通过Python与xarray处理NCEP再分析资料获取南京市风场,然后调用scipy的线性插值法计算空间分辨率为1 km的南京市风环境。基于两种分布结果,结合江苏省级行政区划矢量数据,以南京市(县)级行政区为基本单元,参考南京市历史城市绿地规划,确定通风走廊走向。最终识别出5条潜在的南京市通风廊道,并给出合理的规划管控建议。

西南城市群物流网络联系及其结构分析

在国内国际双循环的背景下,西南地区作为中国向南、向西开放的战略通道和国内东西部经济互补的战略支点,发挥着重要的枢纽所用。优化西南区域物流网络,加强国内外贸易联系,对于推动地区经济的高质量发展具有重要意义。本文以西南地区云贵川渝四省(市)47个城市为研究对象,利用熵值法测度各节点城市的物流发展综合水平,使用修正后的引力模型计算47个节点城市之间的物流联系强度,运用社会网络的分析方法对西南城市群物流网络结构以及相互影响关系进行实证分析。结果表明:西南城市群物流网络以成都和重庆为核心向外辐射,物流联系强度由北向南递减;物流网络流向主要是从成渝昆贵四市流向其他节点城市;各节点城市之间联系紧密程度弱,城市分层较为明显。基于此,从核心、通道和口岸三个方面提出西南城市群物流网络的完善建议。

论城市河流廊道的景观设计

随着社会经济的快速发展,城市规模的不断扩大,河流廊道作为城市重要的生态基础设施和景观资源,其价值越来越受到关注,如何利用河流廊道将城市的发展与自然生态环境紧密结合,同时满足市民对景观环境的需求是当今城市河道设计中需要考虑的重点问题。海绵城市理论、景观生态学、人与自然和谐相处可持续发展战略共同构成了城市河流廊道景观景观设计的理论基础,城市河流廊道景观的设计原则在于使城市河流廊道景观具有多元的功能性、美学的连续性、多样的生物性。基于此,文章从生态保护、人文修复、美学塑造三个角度出发,结合国内外实践案例探讨城市河流廊道景观设计问题。

上海典型城市生态廊道的土壤真菌多样性

公园绿地和道路绿地是城市生态廊道的典型形式。选择上海公园绿地和道路绿地作为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术分析其真菌多样性特征。结果表明,上海典型城市生态廊道土壤中共有9大类群真菌,其中Ascomycota(子囊菌门)、Basidiomycota(担子菌门)和Zygomycota(结合菌门)是上海典型城市生态廊道土壤中的优势真菌,其相对丰度分别达到59.5%、14.9%和14.2%。上海典型城市生态廊道土壤中的植物病原真菌共有91个属,144个种水平类群;土传病原真菌有48个属,35个种水平类群,Fusarium是属水平上丰度最高的病原真菌,Fusarium solani相近类群是种水平上丰度最高的病原真菌。公园和道路绿地土壤真菌群落以及病原真菌群落间存在显著性差异。Mortierella、Talaromyces、Guehomyces、Trichobotrys、Metarhizium、Mycoarachis、Cystofilobasidium、Penicillium、Gibberella、Curvularia等菌群在公园绿地和道路绿地中存在显著差异。pH、EC、全钾、有效钾、交换性钠、全铅和全铜是影响土传植物病原真菌群落组成的主要因子。

“源-汇”热景观理论下的城市通风廊道构建研究——以合肥市主城区为例

科学构建城市通风廊道对缓解城市热岛效应有着重要作用。以合肥市主城区为例,利用“源-汇”热景观理论提取通风廊道起终点,MCR模型和重力模型分析并筛选通风廊道,构建研究区通风廊道网络。结果表明:起点斑块以水库、湿地公园、森林的集中区为主,终点斑块以城市建成密集区为主;共构建13条一级廊道,9条二级廊道,全长312.44 km;在夏季主导风向下,除Y5斑块外的其他热源斑块均能够通过一级廊道引入2个及以上的热汇斑块的冷空气;“源-汇”理论的引入可以增强城市通风廊道对于城市冷源和热源区域的联系,加强城市通风廊道的效能。

基于垂直城市现状的未来可能性探索——以成都市为例

随着社会发展,城市人口、环境等压力增大,单一的建筑高度垂直上升无法满足城市的需求,同时许多垂直城市打造效果不甚理想,因而打造具有丰富城市功能的垂直空间成为解决城市压力的一种有效途径。在此基础上,文章提出一种基于“高层建筑—空中连廊”的垂直城市理论,从规划、建筑、景观等多个层面逐级推进,打造以人居环境为主,辅以新型大型复合商业办公区域和空中连廊、空中花园等人行活动空间的垂直城市。并以成都市为例,进一步提出了成都市垂直城市发展策略,以期为未来垂直城市打造提供一定的参考。

The corridor effect of metropolitan spatialextension and optimization of landscape structure—the case of Beijing

Because of the existence of gradient field of the urban center and the corridor effect. underthe drive of going merely after economic benefit, the city intrinsically has the trend of massive growth, and this will seriously destroy the urban reasonable landscape structure and the ecological equilibrium.By applying the theory of corridor effect. this paper studies the interactive process between artificialcorridors and natural corridors. At the same time, by studying the Beijing's spatial extension pattern in central urban area during different periods. this paper analyses the corridors extension volume.extension velocity and variant tendency of urban landscape on & directions. Moreover. this paperbrings forward the idea of incorporating the systen of natural corridors into the Beijing'smetropolitan planning, namely to form a star-shaped scattering-group pattern in which artificialcorridors and natural corridors are alternately distributed in order to effectively prevent built-up areafrom massive growth .

基于适应性循环的兰西城市群生态网络构建与优化

生态网络的构建与优化是遏制景观破碎化和保障区域生态安全的有效途径。以兰西城市群为研究区,以适应性循环理论为基础,耦合粒度反推法与形态学空间格局分析(Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis,MSPA)识别生态源地,组建“潜力-连通度-韧性”综合生态阻力面,运用电路理论判别生态廊道和关键生态节点,构建生态网络并提出优化对策。结果表明:研究区生态源地空间分布不均且破碎化,总面积4147.84 km2;阻力整体表现为西高东低,并呈以主城为中心向四周递减的趋势;提取生态廊道40条,主要分布在研究区中部,总长度2278.59 km;提取生态夹点24处,多分布在主要河流廊道和生态源地间;判别生态障碍点25处,多位于生态廊道上;生态网络结构指数α、β和γ分别为0.60、2.00和0.74,通过增设12处踏脚石斑块,α、β和γ指数分别提高18.33%、14.00%和9.46%。研究结果可以为兰西城市群国土空间开发及生态安全维护提供参考。

Eco-spatial Structure of Urban Agglomeration

In terms of ecological theory, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the mutualism and co- evolutionary mechanism between the eco-spatial structure and socio-economic development of the urban agglomeration, and maps out optimized modes of the eco-spatial structure of the urban agglomeration. The analysis is a case study of the urban agglomeration on different levels of global, national, provincial and local scales, on the basis of those conclusions are drawn: 1) Within the scope of the urban agglomeration, the cities should be reasonably sized and appropriately densified; the spatial combination of the urban agglomeration ought to be orderly, and its eco-spatial structure ought to be optimized and efficient; the relationship between the economic society and eco-spatial environment ought to be that of mutual benefit and co-evolution. 2) “The mode of corridor group network” is a certain trend evoked from the spatial structure of urban agglomeration. 3) The eco-spatial structure of urban agglomeration under “the mode of corridor group network” can further increase the environmental capacity of urban agglomeration, and is in favor of the harmonious relationship between man and nature.

Influence of new town development on the urban heat island-The case of the Bundang area

Five new towns have been developed around the Seoul metropolitan area since 1996 However, these new towns generate lots of traffic and related problems in the areas including those new towns and Seoul as a result of increases in population and a lack of ecological-self-sufficiency. Currently, construction of another new town is under deliberation, and what should be a major consider is the notion that the new town be located within a wide, green zone. Many studies have revealed that green space can play an important role in improving urban eco-meteorological capability and air quality. In order to analyze the urban heat island which will be created by the new urban development, and to investigate the local thermal environment and its negative effects caused by a change of land use type and urbanization, Landsat TM images were used for extraction of urban surface temperature according to changes of land use over the last 15 years. These data are analyzed together with digital land use and topographic information. As a study result, it was found the urban heat island of the study area from 1985 to 1999 rapidly developed which showed a difference of mean temperature above +2 0 Before the Bundang new town construction the temperature of the residential area was the same as a forest, but during the new town construction in 1991 analysis revealed the creation of an urban heat island. The temperature of a forest whose size is over 50% of the investigation area was lowest, and thus the presence of a forest is believed to have a direct cooling effect on the urban environment and its surroundings. The mean temperature of the residential and commercial areas in the study was found to be +4 5 higher than the forest, and therefore this part of land use is believed to be the main factor causing the temperature increase of the urban heat island.

Delivering Tram-Based Boulevards: Learning from Opportunities and Challenges in Three European City Case Studies

Increasing calls for zero-carbon cities invite transformative solutions for people and places within our cities around the world. Key to the transformation is cities and regions shifting in mobility away from fossil-fuel based car-oriented solutions. The paper investigates a range of case studies where “tram-based boulevards” have been planned or implemented to provide such opportunities. The case studies share a common broader policy objective: to transform the car-oriented or car-saturated areas to an intensified urban template based on a critical presence of dedicated mid-tier transit infrastructure and active transport. “Trams”, or mid-tier, mid-capacity transit when combined with Transit oriented development (TOD) along whole corridors can provide transformative pathways towards zero-carbon outcomes as well as multiple, strong urban benefits. However, many successful or instructive examples of this practice from non-English speaking countries, particularly in Europe, are underdocumented in the international literature. The paper addresses this gap by investigating opportunities and challenges evident in a range of European case studies. These are explored for insight towards policy learning particularly in New World cities seeking to transform into a zero-carbon and more transit-oriented template: How can decision-makers avoid repeating the identified pitfalls, and instead focus on emulating the successful approaches and outcomes? We conclude the need for recognition of the inherent synergies between transport and land use settings in any endeavour, and their translation into policy priorities in both fields of planning. We also conclude the importance of decision makers proactively identifying and critically appraising specific opportunities for change, concerning funding, technology, public opinion, stakeholder alliances or market dynamics, and capitalising on them at suitable moments in time.

我国城市通风廊道规划理论与实践进展

城市通风廊道规划因其在改善城市通风条件、缓解城市气候问题上的突出作用成为回应城市气候问题的主流手段。通过梳理我国城市通风廊道规划研究的发展历程,归纳关键工作环节的技术特征,在总结实践反馈的基础上,指出相关研究的发展方向。成果显示,有必要深入开展地域性专项研究、衔接廊道建设与规划管理,并推动建立多方协作机制,以助力城市通风廊道规划研究与成果落地。

基于空间分析技术的明清时期河西走廊城镇风貌特征研究

空间句法认为人与环境间的作用源于空间形态的组织,而空间形态强调的是动态的社会环境。道路是城市的基本骨架,空间句法通过对道路轴线的分析,来解释城市空间结构的特征。Arc GIS一直致力于地理信息以及建筑环境信息的描述,通过分析可以较为直观的了解城市建筑之间的联系和城市结构的特征。本文利用多种空间分析技术,通过系统分析河西走廊主要历史城市明清时期的地理环境、山水格局、城市格局、典型地标等空间要素来研究河西走廊地区的城市风貌特色,从而探讨河西走廊地区城市传统风貌保护和可持续发展的新路径,谋求城市、文化、自然三者的协同发展。

基于生态韧性评价的长株潭城市群生态廊道识别

【目的】在城市群快速发展、生态环境问题突出的背景下,加强生态廊道适应、消解城市生态风险的能力,构建更具韧性的生态安全格局。【方法】以长株潭城市群为研究对象,基于景观本底与“风险、连通、潜力”进行生态韧性评价,依照生态韧性评价结果提取生态源地,基于最小累积阻力模型识别生态廊道,分析韧性变化及不同政策背景下的生态廊道空间格局演变。【结果】1)2007—2020年,长株潭城市群的生态韧性总体上呈东高西低、南高北低的态势,生态韧性平均值呈下降趋势,由0.52降为0.47,整体分布较为稳定,中等和中低生态韧性空间区域变化幅度最大;2)生态源地数量减少,空间分布维持东、南部密,西部稀疏的格局;3)生态廊道呈“Y”字型分布,整体空间格局较为稳定,廊道质量呈东高西低的态势,空间分异明显。长株潭城市群生态韧性变化影响着生态廊道形态、结构变化,使得部分生态廊道存在消亡、改道的情况,廊道变化区域集中在湘潭市西部与株洲市中部地区。【结论】基于生态韧性评价结果划定生态源地,识别生态廊道,有助于提高廊道抗风险能力,构建更为稳定的生态安全格局,维护城市群经济和生态环境的协调可持续发展,为实现“两型社会”、生态文明建设目标筑牢生态基础。