Study on Urban Resilience Based on the Analysis of Supply Guarantee Facilities during Epidemic Closure—A Case Study of Shanghai in 2022

In the case of major public emergencies, the ability of cities to resist shocks becomes very important and reflects urban resilience. This paper selected the supply guarantee facilities during the city-wide lockdown of Shanghai during March-May 2022 due to COVID-19 pandemic as the research object. In this research, the per capita supply guarantee capacity and supply guarantee overlay intensity were analyzed based on the official list of facilities, and the actual role of the supply guarantee facilities was investigated through a public research questionnaire. The thermodynamic diagram map that was generated based on phone visits reflected the actual distribution of the population. Then the level of “supply guarantee resilience” was evaluated and graded for each district of Shanghai. It was concluded that the overall level of supply guarantee resilience was high in the central city, divergence in the near suburban districts, and generally low in the remote suburban districts. Based on this, the paper summarized the problems of supply guarantee revealed in Shanghai during the epidemic lockdown as well as proposed strategies to improve the resilience of similar scenarios in the future. With the help of big data and public research tools, this paper aimed to provide ways and methods to evaluate the resilience of cities under major public emergencies.

Clinical Profile and Outcome of Pediatric Acute Kidney Injury in Cameroon: Comparison between an Urban and a Semi-Urban Health Facility

Introduction: Pediatric Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) seems to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Subsahara Africa. However, data on its epidemiology are scare and mainly originate from tertiary and urban health facilities such as large university Teaching hospitals with a nephrology service. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the epidemiology of pediatric AKI in urban and semi-urban health facility. Patients and method: We conducted a retrospective study of 16 months in a tertiary urban hospital (General Hospital of Douala) and a secondary semi-urban health facility (Region hospital of Buea). Diagnostic of AKI was done using usual criteria. Age, sex distribution, etiologies of AKI, access to dialysis, renal recovery at hospital discharge, at 1 and 3 months and patient survival at hospital discharge was compared. Results: A total of 31 patients were included (GD 17 and RHB 14). Boys were more prevalent in the semi-urban setting (86% Vs 47% p = 0.029). Median age was comparable in the both group although most semi-rural patient were older (6.5 Vs 10 years p = 0.093). Hospital acquired AKI was only found in urban setting and account for 40% of pediatric urban AKI. Malaria related AKI (mainly black water fever) and sepsis were the main etiologies of AKI in urban and semi-urban milieu. Dialysis access was the same but 30% of children could not access to it in urban setting compare to none in semi-urban area. Reasons of non-access to dialysis were lack of pediatric material and financial constraints. In Hospital mortality was the same but was more severe amount patient who could not receive dialysis. Among the survivor, CKD was only found in urban setting. Conclusion: Although mainly due to malaria, pediatric AKI differs from urban tertiary and semi-urban secondary health facility in Cameroon. Hospital acquired AKI is only found in urban setting where children are younger and less boys. AKI in urban setting seems to be more severe with less access to dialysis and more risks of CKD.

Impact of Urban Public Service Facilities on Distribution Pattern of Housing Price

The impact of different public service facilities is obtained by investigating the infl uence of public service facilities on distribution pattern of housing price in 25 cities.According to the survey results,public education service facilities have the highest weight and the greatest impact,which also refl ects the root of“school district housing fever”from the side.Public sports service facilities have the lowest score when compared with other options.This is not because public sports service facilities are not important,but is determined by actual situation of social development and actual living standard of residents in China.From the improvement and enhancement of urban public service facilities,the construction of public service facilities should be convenient for people’s education,health,culture and entertainment.

Discussion on the Operation of Urban Domestic Sewage Treatment Facilities: A Case Study of Guangdong Province

Urban sewage treatment facility is an important ways to control polluted domestic water. The operation of urban sewage treatment facilities is good or not, and whether the effectiveness of pollutant emission reduction can be exerted play a significant role in reducing the pollution of living sources. Nowadays the operation of urban sewage treatment facilities is mainly evaluated by the load rate. However, due to the failure to fully implement the reformation of the rainwater and polluted water in Guangdong Province, the domestic sewage is mixed with rainwater during the rainy season and is included in the treatment of urban sewage treatment facilities. Therefore, it is not objective to evaluate the operation of sewage treatment facilities using only the load rate of sewage treatment. According to the situation of Guangdong Province, the load rates of COD, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in domestic sewage and load rate of sewage treatment were included in the evaluation, and 20 urban sewage treatment facilities were selected as research objects. The operation situations and emission reduction benefits of urban sewage treatment facilities in different regions of Guangdong Province were roughly evaluated.

Planning and Layout Strategies of Urban Institution Pension Service Facilities under the Background of Aging Society: A Case Study of the Main Urban District of Xuzhou City

China has entered an aging society, and the contradiction between the social pension needs rapidly growing in the city and the lagged pension business is increasingly outstanding. By analyzing the amount, development level, type, structure, and space distribution of the institutional pension facility in main urban district of Xuzhou City, this paper has summed up the main problems. Combining the estimation on the number of the elders and pension bed, coordination and planning of institutional pension facility in the research zone are conducted from three aspects: distribution guidance, principle of locating and differentiation configuration, to promote the construction of pension agency and impel the development of pension business in Xuzhou City.

Convenience Analysis of Public Service Facilities in the Walking Circle of Urban Housing Estates

A walkable urban built environment with convenient facilities is the key to improve the living quality of urban residents and build a livable city in the new era.Taking each urban housing estate as the center and based on walking accessibility,the walking circle of housing estates was constructed.Taking the six functional systems of convenient shopping,catering service,fi nancial service,scientifi c research and education,leisure and entertainment,and medical service as evaluation factors,and considering the actual frequency of residents’use of various public service facilities and the reduction of walking,the convenience evaluation system of public service facilities was established.Taking the urban built environment within the Second Ring Road of Shijiazhuang City,Hebei Province as an example,it is found that the convenience of public service facilities in the walking circle of housing estates within the Second Ring Road presented a circular layer distribution of“low outside and high inside”.This study will provide the reference for urban renewal and renovation and improvement of facilities.

The Impact of Urban Renewal on Public Service Facilities in Shenzhen during Inventory Development Stage:An Empirical Analysis of Futian District

As the material carrier of social service industry,public service facilities are important indicators to measure human settlement.With the continuous deepening of inventory development practice,urban renewal has gradually become one of the sources of supply of public service facilities.Focusing on the urban renewal activities of Futian District,Shenzhen from 2010 to 2016,the study conducts an empirical study on the pattern of public service facility networks before and after urban renewal through social network analysis.The fi ndings show that:①on the whole,the public service system in Futian District has been effectively improved during urban renewal development;②the impact of urban renewal on public service system is characterized by differentiation,among which industrial and commercial facilities have been signifi cantly improved,while educational and medical facilities have been hardly improved;③urban renewal has a clear policy orientation as an institutional means,and promoting economic restructuring and industrial reorganization is still the primary purpose of urban renewal during inventory development stage.

Reliability Analyses of Transmission and Substation Facilities and Electricity Supply to Urban Consumers in 2007

Reliabilities of transmission and substation facilities with voltage levelof220 kVoraboveIn 2007, there were totally 356 power supply enterprises, including 28 EHV transmission and substation enterprises, and 245 power generation enterprises submitting reliability performances of electric facilities at a voltage level of 220 kV or above to the Electric Power Reliability Management Center. The reliability indices of transmission and

城市外围地区农村物流设施空间分布演变及影响因素--以广州市为例

城市外围地区农村物流设施是保障城乡物资双向流通和农村产业发展的重要支撑。以广东省广州市为例,综合使用多源空间数据和空间回归模型等分析方法,探索城市外围地区农村物流设施空间分布演变特征及影响因素。在空间分布演变方面,城市外围地区农村物流设施从单核转向多核,具有圈层化、等级化特征,与广州市空间发展方向和空间格局相一致,最外围地区物流设施建设短板突出;受村级设施分布变化影响,物流设施集聚性呈现“增强—减弱—增强”的波动。影响因素方面,人口因素、交通因素和工业因素对物流设施分布有显著正向影响,农业因素对其有显著负向影响,区位因素对其无明显影响。研究结果能够丰富对农村物流设施分布演变规律的认识,为城市尺度的农村物流设施的布局优化和支撑要素的建设等提供参考。

城市紧凑度对城市公共服务设施空间可达性的影响

高品质公共服务设施体系的建设是打造宜居城市的基础性工程,可达性已经成为我国基本公共服务供给侧结构性改革的两大目标取向之一。目前我国城市发展中存在城市紧凑程度恶化与公共服务设施空间可达性状况不佳并存的局面,从城市空间形态这一重要城市整体特性视角研究城市公共服务设施可达性对于优化城市公共服务设施空间布局具有重要意义。以中国地级及以上城市的三类主要公共服务设施为考察对象,量化测度城市公共服务设施空间可达性,在此基础上实证分析城市紧凑度对城市公共服务设施空间可达性的影响,以及对不同类型设施的异质性影响,并检验公共服务设施规模分布和地方财政自主权对上述影响过程的调节效应。实证结果表明,城市紧凑度对城市公共服务设施可达性的影响呈现“U”型,目前多数城市处于U型曲线的上升阶段,高财政自主权强化了紧凑城市建设对于公共服务设施的挤出效应,而设施规模越分散,城市紧凑度对公共服务设施空间可达性的几何正向影响效果越弱。

基于弹性共享的户外健身设施群体需求响应评测研究

【目的】城市建成环境限制了大型户外健身设施的建设,而相对灵活的大量小微型户外健身设施与公共空间融合发展,展现出显著的弹性共享服务特征。有效识别户外健身设施服务短板可为户外健身设施精准优化提供依据。【方法】以南京市老城区为例,通过建立细粒度群体需求量化方法和设施服务模块化分解方法,打通多元群体需求与设施服务弹性间的关联分析路径,对设施服务功能进行模块化处理,量化户外健身设施的弹性服务能力,同时基于多源数据,建立一套能反映不同群体户外健身设施的需求响应状态评价工具。【结果】场地类设施具有相对较高的弹性共享度,可作为优先发展的设施类型;步道类设施建设门槛和成本均相对较低,尤其能够提升老年群体的需求响应水平;老年群体需求响应指数最高,儿童群体相对最低,是后续规划需重点关注的对象。【结论】在传统可达性分析的基础上改变了居民需求与设施服务固化的供需评测模式,后续可结合设施质量、规模、多样性等指标,为城市户外健身设施规划提供有效的工具借鉴。

基于POI的兰州带型城市市内交通设施空间演化与机制研究

基于兰州中心城区2011—2022年市内交通设施的POI数据,运用空间分析法从空间形态、方向分布和冷热点分析其空间演化、研究影响机制.结果表明:市内交通设施呈“东密西疏”的特征且集聚程度增强,市内交通设施和停车设施由“单核”变为“单核心、多散点并存”的空间形态,公交设施由“一主一次”变为“一主多次”并在边缘出现多个散点;市内交通设施呈“西北—东南”方向分布,重心经历“东南-西北-东北”的偏移轨迹,具有向西北和东北扩散的趋势,公交设施的分布比停车设施更分散;市内交通设施和停车设施在城关区的热点由沿路散点转为沿路线性分布,最终呈现以东方红广场为核心,其他三区由沿路散点转为线性分布,公交设施热点相对分散,沿道路呈线性分布;“人文—地理”环境的约束、政府规划的调控、交通网络完善的推动共同影响市内交通设施的空间演化.

我国老年人居服务设施体系研究进展与思考

在我国积极应对人口老龄化和新型城镇化发展转型的双重背景下,针对老年人的服务设施体系建设成为老年人居环境“以人为本”核心价值的重要体现。为揭示我国城市老年人居服务设施资源总量足配与设施空间错配矛盾的底层逻辑和作用机制,首先从养老服务供给模式、老年人行为特征、老年人居空间3个方面梳理老年人居服务理论基础的转变,其次总结我国老年人居服务设施规划建设的适老化、均等化、体系化3种实践响应与面临的困境。在此基础上,提出构建适应我国国情的老年人居服务设施体系“人—空间—服务”理论框架,以期在国土空间规划体系下,为老年友好的人居环境和设施支持体系提供学理支撑。

人居视角下历史城区公共设施空间保护与更新研究

历史城区具有遗产性和生活性的双重属性,随着“遗产旅游”的兴起和人居环境的老化,历史城区面临生活功能减退的问题,这对遗产的真实性和完整性构成挑战.文章基于“人居视角”,强调历史城区作为遗产社区回归生活性的重要性,强调应关注与居民生活密切相关的公共设施空间,探索更可持续和韧性的历史城区保护与更新方法.以平遥古城教育设施空间作为实证进行研究,文章分析平遥古城不同历史时期公共设施空间的演变特征,探索了人群和教育空间关系的演变动力机制,并提出了针对平遥古城公共设施空间的更新策略,旨在实现历史城区的活态保护和可持续发展.

受突发事件影响的城市应急物流中心选址模型及其实证

主要研究受突发事件影响下的城市应急物流中心选址问题。结合城市应急物流中心选址的多目标规划方法,建立考虑灾前配置及灾后配送的应急物流中心多目标选址模型。介绍了遗传算法(GA)基本原理,并针对城市应急物流的特点,考虑求解多目标规划模型,在遗传算法的基础上加入免疫算法(IA)的特性,使用一种组合的遗传算法——免疫遗传算法(IGA)。使用MATLAB免疫遗传算法对该模型进行求解,由结果可知该算法适用于多目标的城市应急物流中心选址问题,并通过实例验证模型及算法的合理性和有效性。

城市社区公共体育设施的协同供给模式研究——基于武汉市H社区的案例分析

城市社区公共体育设施作为体育强国建设的底层基石,是推动大众体育高质量发展的重要抓手。本文基于SFIC协同治理模型的理论解释和武汉市H社区的实践探索,得出城市社区公共体育设施的高效供给有赖于在起始条件、催化领导、制度设计和协同过程4个环节中寻求多元主体的协同优势。据此,建议:在社区公共体育设施协同供给方面重点发力,发挥公共体育设施建设在推进城市社区治理现代化进程中的重要作用。

城市冗余空间景观设施设计探析

考虑当代城市社区居民结构的多元化以及休闲活动的随机性和自发性,研究以人文关怀为视角,关注城市公共空间的微观层面,以及多元主体的使用需求和感官体验,倡导自下而上的设计方法,鼓励公众自发地、自主地参与景观设施与城市家具设计活动,研究结果表明:对待“自发秩序”要采取折中路线,为设计师场地的意义发掘和辨识提供表征和脉络,营造出共谋、共建、共治、共享的城市公共景观,从而培养年轻一代城市居民的文化认同感。

新时代城市公共社会福利设施规划标准研究——走向全龄友好社会

国家“十四五”规划及2035远景目标纲要提出“增进民生福祉、提升共建共治共享水平”,对我国社会福利设施体系提出了新目标。既有的城市公共社会福利设施体系、设施功能、规划标准等已经无法满足新时代的社会发展需求。基于我国社会福利事业的发展情况,以面向老年人、儿童和残疾人的城市公共社会福利设施为重点研究对象,系统梳理了既有设施体系及存在的主要问题,根据相关设施规划标准在实践中的应用反馈,对新时代国家层面城市公共社会福利设施规划标准的修订提出了总体思路,并从体系完善、级配方式、指标修订、选址要求等方面提出了建议。

从“失落空间”到“活力空间”:微更新背景下城市公共体育设施建设的形式、困境与策略

运用文献资料、案例分析、专家访谈、实地考察等研究方法对城市公共体育设施促进微更新的特点和价值进行分析,探讨微更新背景下城市公共体育设施建设的形式、困境与策略。研究认为,城市公共体育设施促进微更新是一种有机更新,常以“失落空间”为切入点,通过“针灸式”的改造理念,以“渐进式”为更新策略,以“参与式”为规划设计,触发周边环境的更新。城市公共体育设施建设形式主要包括桥下空间活化、屋顶空间激活、滨水区域再生、公园绿地嵌入、畸零空间修复等。当前面临的困境:改造成本较高,资金渠道单一;缺乏公众参与,脱离社区实际;忽视文化传承,过度商业化;政策难以落地,建设难度增加;设计缺乏论证,存在安全隐患。据此提出推进策略:强化政策引导,鼓励多元主体参与;倡导公民参与,回应美好生活需要;小微改造切入,实现城市有机更新;强化部门合作,提高政策执行效果;完善相关标准,提升设施安全质量。

基于监控视频数据的城市轨道交通车站闸机设施处行人停滞行为谱特征研究

[目的]为科学设置闸机,改善其实际通行能力,以及减少行人异常停滞行为带来的拥挤风险,需对城市轨道交通车站闸机设施处行人停滞行为谱特征进行研究。[方法]利用视频轨迹追踪技术,采集城市轨道交通车站闸机设施处监控视频中的行人运动参数;确定行人停滞行为表征指标,从闸机类型、行人流及个体停滞行为三类要素构建了城市轨道交通车站闸机设施处行人停滞行为谱,并采用四分位差法确定行人停滞行为谱表征指标上下限阈值;对行人停滞行为起点至闸翼/闸杆中心的纵向距离和横向距离,以及行人停滞范围和停滞时间等4个表征指标的差异性进行了分析,并全面解析了不同闸机类型和不同行人流率下的行人停滞行为谱特征。[结果及结论]行人易在闸机设施正前方停滞,行人停滞行为起点至闸翼/闸杆中心的纵向距离远大于其横向距离;当行人流率为>5~10人次/min时,行人停滞范围波动性最大;随着行人流量的增加,行人可用空间、停滞范围及停滞时间均减小。