Uncertainty evaluation of the coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy in Changsha city

The coordinated development of human settlement environment and economy is of vital significance to urban sustainable development and urban ecosystem health. Urban human settlement and economic systems exist in urban ecosystems, which are a structural complexity. Therefore the research is being challenged by some uncertain factors between human settlements and economic systems. However most of the researches were focused on its determinate objective aspects and qualitative analyses while less concern on the quanti- tative evaluation of coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy, especially little on its uncertain aspect. At present, the urgent task is to study the coordinated development of urban settlement environment and economy in terms of the effect of uncertainty. This study analyzed the uncertain characteristics, which would be confronted at different stages, such as confirming the index categories, their bound values, and their construction rate, etc. According to the actual urban conditions, many construction principles based on uncertainties are put forward and an indicating system for human settlement and economic evaluation is established. Moreover, the application of fuzzy mathematics presents a new method and a calculation model for the comprehensive assessment of the coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy. The application of the method and model in Changsha city of China showed that the assessment results can reflect not only the overall coordination degree of the city, but also the mode of interactive mechanism between urban economic system and human settlement environment.

ON THE RELATION BETWEEN THE EVOLUTION OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN FACTORS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN SETTLEMENT——Take the Lanzhou Valley Basin as An Examples

Lanzhou Valley Basin is composed of two smaller diamond-shaped basins striking from NW to SE and including 6 river terraces. The lower terraces remaining even and smooth are main sites for city buildings. The main function of Lanzhou urban settlement is a ferry and transport centre. Lanzhou used to be an im-portant crossing site and post on the 'silk road',and then became a transport and trade centre in Northwest China. In the middle part of the 17th century, Lanzhou became the capital of Gansu,a new province. The development process of Lanzhou urban settlement indicates that urban settlement is a system consisting of natural environment and human society based on the former.

Issues and policies on China's sustainable human settlement

勃睮t is one of the major tasks to achieve sustainable human settlement for China's socioeconomic development within the coming century The sustainable development of human settlements is closely related to the development of the economy, the utilization of natural resources and environmental protection As a developing country China is facing a series of issues to achieve the sustainable human settlement, which should be rationally laid out with comprehensive facilities convenient for working and living, and which have clean, quiet and comfortable environments The policy of reform and opening to the outside world have accelerated national social and economic development and promoted urban development in China The rural population is continuously flowing into the cities and towns in increasing numbers Therefore, it is necessary not only to continue to improve the housing standards for the current urban population, but also to meet the needs of the newcomers The movement of great numbers of people and the increased circulation off goods and materials, combined with an increase in the number of motor vehicles, has meant that traffic problems are becoming a major issue in the development of human settlements The infrastructure is under pressures from the growth in urban population and from rising production and living standards The shortage of natural resources is another challenge to be faced in developing human settlements in China A low technological level and the improper use of resources has aggravated the severity of the problem In cities, the amount of land currently being used for industrial purposes is relatively high as compared with other land uses Approximately 70 percent of industries are located in the cities and in many areas, factories and housing are intermixed, a major factor affecting the environment of urban residential areas The taking up of arable land by the village and township enterprises is another serious problem Settlements in towns and villages are also under the threat from various types of environmental pollution This paper is trying to summarise and identify the major issues, to promote the possible polices and strategies, and to argue the requirements and activities of sciences and technology for achieving China's sustainable human settlement

Fringe View: Problems and Construction of Human Settlement Environment for "Village-in-City"

The construction of human settlement environment is one of the important contents in the domain of sustainable development. We try to annotate human settlement environment for "village- in-city" from the angle of fringe view. According to the macro-system thought of human settlement environment science, the evolvement, which can be generalized into four phases, connotation and problems (including social, economic, and environmental problems) of "village-in-city" are discussed primarily in this paper. Some domestic and international researches and practices are also summarized and assessed in the paper. Based on the analysis, some appropriate clues and suggestions for the construction of "village-in-city" have been put forward.

The Research on Determinants of Moving Labors’ Settlement in Urban Area

Based on the analysis of the factors affecting the migration of moving labor and the explanation of becoming permanent urban residents,this research takes migration mode(migration) as the dependent variable,sex(sex) ,age(age) ,monthly income(income) ,education degree(edu) ,working experiences(exp) ,social relation(relation) ,and social security(security) as the independent variables.According to the investigation of China Agricultural University in the year 2009,Logistic Binary Choice Model is used to construct the corresponding econometric model and to measure the effects of influencing factors on the selection of migration mode.Result shows that education degree,personal ability,social relation,and social security are the major influencing factors determining the peasant households becoming permanent urban residents;and human capital and social security construction are of great significance to the improvement of farmers’ income and life quality.

URBAN PLANNING:A TOOL FOR URBAN POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN SUDAN

In the past few dacades, urbanization and urban growth have been increasing rapidly in many of the developing countries. It is expected that over 50% of the world population will live in cities in 2005. The growing trend indicates that as many as one fifth of all households still remain with housing tenure problems, which they try to solve through very expensive rentals, insecurity, socially and environmentally-hazardous squatting or unhealthy overcrowding, sometimes ending up with none at all. And hence, proper planning is necessary in urban development policies to improve human settlement managements in a sustainable way. This article has tried to handle urban poverty in the Sudan to a reasonable level of detail. It dealt with selected areas with regard to promotion of sustainable human settlement. The study managed to identity some recent progress in Sudanese human settlements, that is, however, still accompanied by numerous serious instances of decline in the urban environment, especially that of the greater Khartoum.Such instances of environmental deterioration are profiled and analyzed by the study with respect to all human settlement aspects of management, land-use, infrastructure, energy and transport. The paper's conclusion emphasized that improving all these aspects is of high priority.

Measures and Policy Suggestions for Improving Rural Settlements in Guangdong

Since 2000,Guangdong has continued to increase investment in infrastructure construction in rural areas,and indicators for the main construction in the rural areas have met the requirement of remediation.However,the return visit has found that there are still huge gaps in urban and rural settlements.Therefore,this paper comprehensively investigated and scientifically analyzed existing problems in the rural settlements in Guangdong,and proposed that urbanization was the fundamental way to improve the rural settlements by carrying out the strategic planning of the provincial urbanization space and formulating different policies in urban areas and rural areas.Specifically,in the urban areas,the municipal government could coordinate the urban-rural development,formulate a transformation and development plan for villages to be urbanized,and classify the villages into three types in accordance with the degree of influence of villages affected by the cities to set different planning policies.In the rural areas,the provincial government was responsible for rural protection and development together with the county government,and divided the villages into three types according to the regional planning goals to implement different supporting policies for them.

人居环境视野下城市更新片区开发模式探究

城市更新片区开发是我国目前城市化进程转型的重要举措。研究从人居环境的理论层面出发,思考了城市更新片区开发的相关因素,分析了片区开发规划设计的“点、线、面”的具体操作,探讨了其运作模式及城市更新政策层面的一些具体模式,进而结合我院承揽的西安灞桥区及河北沧州城市更新项目,对城市更新片区开发模式进行了相关研究,对TOD模式、POR公共资源导向型模式、产城融合型模式以及旅游资源型模式进行总结,对同类项目有一定借鉴意义。

城市集群发展的创新效应——基于人口集聚与要素流动的视角

为探究我国城市集群发展产生的创新效应,从城市群内人口规模、人口流动以及物质流动三个角度出发,构造了三种城市集群度指标,使用284个中国城市的面板数据展开实证研究。基于两阶段最小二乘法的结果表明:城市集群发展能显著促进城市创新。人口规模、人口流动以及物质流动集群度每增加一个标准误,城市创新指数将分别提升1.571%、1.257%以及0.615%。加速人力资本累积和促进产业分工是城市集群发展促进创新的重要途径,但过高的落户门槛将显著削弱城市集群发展对创新的提升作用。城市集群发展对中部地区城市创新的促进作用更为明显,对东部与西部地区城市创新水平的提升作用相对较弱。受益于人口集聚效应,城市集群发展显著提升了中心城市的创新水平。外围城市往往面临人力资本流失困境,城市集群发展的创新效应较小,甚至阻碍了本地的创新发展。

新型城镇化背景下乡村人居环境治理策略研究——以河南省信阳市为例

改善人居环境,建设美好的居住环境是新型城镇化建设的关键。本文以信阳市为例,分析了其新型城镇化的现状和人居环境建设实践,并提出加强政府的顶层设计、推进乡村基础设施建设、推动城乡融合发展、建设宜居宜业和美乡村,坚持贯彻绿色发展理念等新型城镇化背景下信阳乡村人居环境治理的措施,希望为相关部门提供参考。

中国西部旅游城镇化与人居环境的时空耦合协调性及驱动力

本文在构建旅游城镇化与人居环境耦合协调理论框架的基础上,运用耦合协调模型、空间引力模型、地理探测器等方法,实证分析2005-2019年中国西部旅游城镇化与人居环境的时空耦合协调性及驱动力。结果表明:①旅游城镇化与人居环境综合指数均值呈上升态势,旅游城镇化发展水平增速快于人居环境,但人居环境指数整体高于旅游城镇化。②旅游城镇化与人居环境耦合协调度的中级协调区域居多,2017年以后演变为高级协调,耦合协调类型逐渐由旅游产业滞后型向同步发展型转变。③旅游城镇化与人居环境耦合协调度空间趋势极不均衡,空间联系强度呈现出以宁夏–陕西–重庆–贵州为主轴的链状式空间关联格局。④耦合协调度差异是不同驱动因素共同作用的结果,国际旅游收入是主导性驱动,人均社会固定资产投资是根本性驱动,A级景区数量是原生性驱动,其中国际旅游收入与A级景区的交互影响作用解释力最强。

局地气候分区视角下城市气候与人居环境研究进展

城市气候与人居环境交互影响。局地气候分区(Local Climate Zone, LCZ)推动了城市形态刻画与气候演变规律探索,为城市气候与人居环境研究提供了统一框架。学术界对其研究大多聚焦在城市热环境和气候风险方面,正在向多要素气候模拟和考虑社会经济因素方向发展。审查了主题、方法和主要结论,发现“局地气候分区”、“城市热岛”、“地表温度”、“管理”和“社区”出现频率最高。采用文献计量和专题分析方法,梳理并总结了2012—2023年6月LCZ城市气候与人居环境研究在LCZ制图、相互作用和适应性策略三方面的进展,并展望了未来的研究重点。结果表明,(1)全球已在超过280座城市开展了LCZ研究,LCZ全球数据集的推广扩大了研究尺度且丰富了研究内容;(2)大多研究分析了风热环境为主的气候要素在局地尺度上的时空特征,探讨产生异质性的原因及其对人居环境的作用机理,揭示了城市蓝绿空间对于优化冷却效果、防范和治理热源等缓解性策略的重要性。其中自2018年起LCZ热环境研究向多元化发展,研究区域开始出现大都市圈或城市群;(3) LCZ能够辅助识别人居环境中高度暴露和脆弱的地区,近年来的研究趋向于在气候/生态风险评估中寻找适应性策略,且更加关注易感人群和低收入者。综述将有利于LCZ框架下城市气候与人居环境研究现状和发展趋势的宏观把握,为后续研究提供思路。

千年大计、持续耕耘--雄安新区全过程规划咨询的实践探索

在高质量发展和空间规划体系改革的大背景下,城市的发展方式和发展动力都产生了巨大变化,传统的规划、建设、管理体系已经难以适应新发展理念的要求。雄安新区作为高质量发展的全国样板,从设立伊始就承担着探索一整套先进、系统、可借鉴的城市规划、建设、治理经验的重任。基于2016年以来的全过程规划咨询实践,重点从“谋、规、建、治”4个方面进行系统梳理。在新区谋划之初,应对国家空间规划体系改革,探索建立了全领域、多层次的规划体系;在规划编制阶段,回归城市本源,践行新发展理念导向的理想人居空间;在开发建设过程中,根据主体多、要求高、规模大、时间紧的开发建设特征,总结出“3个转换”的工作方法;在规划治理环节,围绕编制审批、政策标准和实施监督,逐步完善“三位一体”的规划治理体系。

New-Type Urbanization and the Development of the Sciences of Human Settlements in China

As urbanization is an evolutionary process of the open giant system of complex spaces,solutions should be sought based on the scientifi c method of "limited solutions to complex problems." Firstly,as people are the core of human settlements,urbanization should show its care for humans and thus for human settlements; secondly,a human settlement civilization should be cultivated on the basis of ecological civilization; thirdly,rural development should be promoted in units of county,in order to coordinate the urban-rural development; fourthly,it should encourage the decision-makers and think tanks to improve the management mechanism. As transformation becomes the general trend of this era,we need also to understand the Sciences of Human Settlements from the perspective of scientifi c transformation,which is expected to break new grounds in the Sciences of Human Settlements.

天山北坡城市群人居环境适宜性评价

基于人居环境自然和人文综合要素,构建了人居环境综合适宜性指数(HSCI),以天山北坡城市群为研究区,分析其2022年的空间分异规律。结果表明:(1)天山北坡城市群自然环境的空间适宜性受地形起伏度和温湿指数影响显著,整体为一般适宜区集中连片分布、高度适宜区零星分布在天山北坡山麓地带的绿洲。其中胡杨河市和乌鲁木齐县的自然环境适宜性最好;(2)人文环境的空间适宜性受夜间灯光指数和基础服务指数的影响较大,整体形成以乌鲁木齐市和石河子市为中心的“双核”空间特征,并有向周围递减的趋势;(3)天山北坡城市群人居环境综合适宜性指数最好的地方人口分布最多,充分体现了乌鲁木齐市作为区域极核的地位;(4)人居环境适宜性指数与天山北坡城市群的人口、经济和土地匹配程度不足。高质量和较高质量区土地面积仅占总量的2.62%,经济则占总量的54.69%,人口高达总量的59.06%。说明天山北坡城市群地区人口与经济在适宜性方面具有高度匹配性,但人居适宜性指数较高的土地存在过度集中和利用的情况。

城镇开发边界划定智慧技术集成研究——基于人居环境科学视角

城镇开发边界是空间增长底线的管控工具,与人类活动和人居环境建设密切相关。科学划定城镇开发边界需要人居环境科学和智慧技术有机结合。现有对城镇开发边界划定技术背后的理论支撑研究不足,对人居环境全系统尤其是人的因素关注不够,同时各类技术探索相对碎片化,缺乏对边界划定全流程技术的整合与集成应用。本文以人居环境科学为理论内核,从人的需求、人居环境的系统性和复杂性出发,提出系统耦合“双评价”、系统动力学模型、城镇开发潜力评价模型及多情景地理模拟等关键技术的城镇开发边界划定的智慧技术集成框架,科学支撑城镇发展需求预测、国土空间格局研判和城镇用地布局调控,为城镇开发边界划定和国土空间格局优化提供有益借鉴。

城市居民日常活动与环境供需匹配特征及影响关系研究

城市居民日常活动与环境供需关系与城市生活品质息息相关。在新旧供需矛盾交织叠加,城市治理新理念、技术迅速发展的背景下,其匹配特征及影响关系需要并可以进一步理清。借鉴时空间行为及流空间理论搭建日常活动与环境供需理论框架及指标体系,并依托地理大数据支撑,基于ANP-CV主客观赋权法、随机森林非线性回归模型等技术手段,以南京市中心城区为例进行实证分析。研究发现,日常活动与环境供需匹配关系呈现以“中心—外围”为主,“圈层递变”为辅的复合型空间结构,极化特征较显著。日常活动与环境供需相互影响作用表现为不对称、不持续的非线性特征。具体地,日常活动更受活动环境塑造,又以支撑生计和多元包容的社会环境起主要作用,同时供需之间往往不具有持续的相互促进作用。因此,应促进日常活动与环境供需双向良性互动,提高供需网络要素集聚与扩散效益,根据日常活动与环境供需演进的阶段性,灵活选择多样路径,以促进供需关系的高质量可持续发展。

Urban Village Renovation Planning from the Perspective of Human Settlements Theory:A Case Study on Wuhan

Based on the analysis on the characteristics of human settlement of urban villages in Wuhan,the paper examines the special urban social functions of urban villages during their self-evolution process.The totally market-led mode of urban village renovation has neglected existing positive social effects and failed to provide fair development opportunities for disadvantaged groups,and it will hinder the construction of a diversified and vigorous urban socio-ecological environment.In view of the situation,the paper suggests that in order to meet the urban socio-spatial demands during the specific period of social transition,measures should be adopted to re-examine and adjust the strategies and planning techniques concerning market-led urban village renovation with the improvement of sustainable human settlement as the goal.

Seeking Urbanization Routes for Fragile Human Settlements in Mountainous Areas:A Peculiar Practice for China's Western Region

Based on a deep understanding of the significant strategic role of urbanization during the development of China's western region, this paper sets out to investigate the characteristics of urbanization in the west from the perspectives of population and demographic growth, the level of urbanization, migration, and so forth, and then moves on to examine the major constraints to urbanization and suggest priorities for coordinated development in terms of protection of the ecological environment, poverty elimination, ethnic prosperity, and border security. By summarizing the typical urbanization modes, the paper argues that the healthy urbanization of China's western region should be promoted in a scientific way under the guiding thoughts of "amenable to state intervention, oriented to people's livelihood, suitable for local conditions, and subject to orderly progression."

Urbanization Quality and Human Settlement Construction

Based on the gains and losses learned from the experience of the world urbanization over the last two centuries,this paper first of all evaluates China's urbanization quality at both the provincial and municipal levels. It then puts forward connotations of the new-type urbanization with Chinese characteristics which concern five aspects: the people-oriented principle,the interactions among industrialization,informatization,urbanization,and agricultural modernization,ecological civilization,rational layout,and culture promotion. It further predicts the economic and urbanization growth rates,the proportions of the primary,secondary,and tertiary industries,and the migrant population in future from the perspectives of the baseline,optimistic,and stable development scenarios,proposing that the Sciences of Human Settlements will play an important role in the process of the new-type urbanization.